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Merge pull request #12 from matplotlib/nicolas
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‎README.md

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![](./cheatsheets-2.png)
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# Handouts
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![](./handout-beginner.png)
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# How to compile
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1. You need to create a `fonts` repository with:

‎handout-beginner.pdf

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‎handout-beginner.png

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‎handout-beginner.tex

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\documentclass[10pt,landscape,a4paper]{article}
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\usepackage[right=10mm, left=10mm, top=10mm, bottom=10mm]{geometry}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage[rm,light]{roboto}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\graphicspath{{./figures/}}
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\usepackage{multicol}
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\usepackage{colortbl}
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\usepackage{array}
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\setlength\parindent{0pt}
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\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
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\baselineskip=0pt
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\setlength\columnsep{1em}
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\definecolor{Gray}{gray}{0.85}
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% --- Listing -----------------------------------------------------------------
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\usepackage{listings}
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\lstset{
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frame=tb, framesep=4pt, framerule=0pt,
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backgroundcolor=\color{black!5},
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basicstyle=\ttfamily,
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commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{black!50},
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breakatwhitespace=false,
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breaklines=true,
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extendedchars=true,
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keepspaces=true,
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language=Python,
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rulecolor=\color{black},
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false,
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showtabs=false,
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tabsize=2,
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%
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emph = { plot, scatter, imshow, bar, contourf, pie,
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errorbar, boxplot, hist, title, xlabel, ylabel, suptitle },
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emphstyle = {\ttfamily\bfseries}
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}
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% --- Fonts -------------------------------------------------------------------
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\usepackage{fontspec}
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\usepackage[babel=true]{microtype}
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\defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures = TeX, Mapping = tex-text}
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\setsansfont{Roboto} [ Path = fonts/roboto/Roboto-,
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Extension = .ttf,
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UprightFont = Light,
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ItalicFont = LightItalic,
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BoldFont = Regular,
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BoldItalicFont = Italic ]
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\setromanfont{RobotoSlab} [ Path = fonts/roboto-slab/RobotoSlab-,
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Extension = .ttf,
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UprightFont = Light,
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BoldFont = Bold ]
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\setmonofont{RobotoMono} [ Path = fonts/roboto-mono/RobotoMono-,
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Extension = .ttf,
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Scale = 0.90,
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UprightFont = Light,
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ItalicFont = LightItalic,
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BoldFont = Regular,
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BoldItalicFont = Italic ]
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\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{document}
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\thispagestyle{empty}
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\section*{\LARGE \rmfamily
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Matplotlib \textcolor{orange}{\mdseries for beginners}}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}
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Matplotlib is a library for making 2D plots in Python. It is designed
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with the philosophy that you should be able to create simple plots
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with just a few commands:\\
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\fbox{1} \textbf{Initialize}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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\end{lstlisting}
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%
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\fbox{2} \textbf{Prepare}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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X = np.linspace(0, 4*np.pi, 1000)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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\end{lstlisting}
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%
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\fbox{3} \textbf{Render}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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plt.plot(X, Y)
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plt.show()
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\end{lstlisting}
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%
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\fbox{4} \textbf{Observe} \medskip\\
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine.pdf}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Choose}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Matplotlib offers several kind of plots (see Gallery): \medskip
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.random.uniform(0, 1, 100)
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Y = np.random.uniform(0, 1, 100)
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plt.scatter(X, Y)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{basic-scatter.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.arange(10)
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Y = np.random.uniform(1, 10, 10)
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plt.bar(X, Y)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{basic-bar.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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Z = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (8,8)
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plt.imshow(Z)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{basic-imshow.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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Z = np.random.uniform(0, 1, (8,8)
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plt.contourf(Z)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{basic-contour.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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Z = np.random.uniform(0, 1, 4)
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plt.pie(Z)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{basic-pie.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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Z = np.random.normal(0, 1, 100)
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plt.hist(Z)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{advanced-hist.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.arange(5)
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Y = np.random.uniform(0,1,5)
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plt.errorbar(X, Y, Y/4)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{advanced-errorbar.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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Z = np.random.normal(0,1,(100,3))
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plt.boxplot(Z)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{advanced-boxplot.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Tweak}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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You can modify pretty much anything in a plot, including limits,
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colors, markers, line width and styles, ticks and ticks labels,
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titles, etc. \medskip
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.linspace(0,10,100)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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plt.plot(X, Y, color="black")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-color.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.linspace(0,10,100)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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plt.plot(X, Y, linestyle="--")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-linestyle.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.linspace(0,10,100)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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plt.plot(X, Y, linewidth=5)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-linewidth.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.linspace(0,10,100)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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plt.plot(X, Y, marker="o")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-marker.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Organize}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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You can plot several data on the the same figure but you can also
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split a figure in several subplots (named {\em Axes}): \medskip
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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X = np.linspace(0,10,100)
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Y1, Y1 = np.sin(X), np.cos(X)
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plt.plot(X, Y1, Y2)
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-multi.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots((2,1))
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ax1.plot(X, Y1, color="C1")
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ax2.plot(X, Y2, color="C0")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-vsplit.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots((1,2))
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ax1.plot(Y1, X, color="C1")
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ax2.plot(Y2, X, color="C0")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-hsplit.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Label \mdseries (everything)}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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plt.plot(X, Y)
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plt.suptitle(None)
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plt.title("A Sine wave")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-title.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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plt.plot(X, Y)
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plt.ylabel(None)
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plt.xlabel("Time")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{plot-xlabel.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Explore}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Figures are shown with a graphical user interface that alllows to zoom
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and pan the figure, to navigate between the different views and to
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show the value under the mouse.
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Save \mdseries (bitmap or vector format)}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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plt.savefif("my-first-figure.png", dpi=300)
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plt.savefig("my-first-figure.pdf")
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\end{lstlisting}
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%
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\vfill
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%
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{\scriptsize Matplotlib handout for beginners. Copyright (c)
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2020 Nicolas P. Rougier. Released under a CC-BY International 4.0
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License. Supported by NumFocus Grant \#12345.\par}
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\end{multicols*}
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\end{document}
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‎scripts/advanced-plots.py

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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fig = plt.figure(figsize=(0.4,0.4))
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ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
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mpl.rcParams['axes.linewidth'] = 0.5
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mpl.rcParams['xtick.major.size'] = 0.0
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mpl.rcParams['ytick.major.size'] = 0.0
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d = 0.01
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ax = fig.add_axes([d,d,1-2*d,1-2*d])
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# Step plot
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

‎scripts/basic-plots.py

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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fig = plt.figure(figsize=(0.4,0.4))
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ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
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mpl.rcParams['axes.linewidth'] = 0.5
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mpl.rcParams['xtick.major.size'] = 0.0
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mpl.rcParams['ytick.major.size'] = 0.0
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d = 0.01
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ax = fig.add_axes([d,d,1-2*d,1-2*d])
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# Basic line plot
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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plt.savefig("../figures/basic-plot.pdf")
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ax.clear()
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# Basic line plot (color)
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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X = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
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Y = 4+2*np.sin(2*X)
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ax.plot(X, Y, color="black", linewidth=0.75)
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ax.set_xlim(0, 8), ax.set_xticks(np.arange(1,8))
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ax.set_ylim(0, 8), ax.set_yticks(np.arange(1,8))
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ax.grid(linewidth=0.125)
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plt.savefig("../figures/basic-plot-color.pdf")
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ax.clear()
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# Basic scatter plot
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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np.random.seed(3)

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