CHAPTER 8

- fix the issue with sphere.h
- add a Chapter 7 HD photo before gamma correction for fun

Author: renauga

Graphics/Saumya_Talera/Chapter7 HD.png

@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 
 #include "ray.h"
 
+class material;
+
 struct hit_record {
     float t;
     vec3 p;
     vec3 normal;
+    material *mat_ptr;
 };
 
 class hitable {

Graphics/Saumya_Talera/Chapter8.png

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "float.h"
 #include "camera.h"
 #include "lodepng.h"
+#include "material.h"
 using namespace std;
 
 void encodeOneStep(const char* filename, std::vector<unsigned char>& image, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
@@ -16,22 +17,17 @@ void encodeOneStep(const char* filename, std::vector<unsigned char>& image, unsi
   if(error) std::cout << "encoder error " << error << ": "<< lodepng_error_text(error) << std::endl;
 }
 
-float drand() {
-    return (float)rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0);
-}
-vec3 random_in_unit_sphere(){
-    vec3 p;
-    do {
-        p = 2.0*vec3(drand(),drand(),drand()) - vec3(1,1,1);
-    } while (p.squared_length() >= 1.0);
-    return p;
-}
 
-vec3 color(const ray& r, hitable *world) {
+vec3 color(const ray& r, hitable *world, int depth) {
     hit_record rec;
     if(world->hit(r, 0.001, FLT_MAX, rec)) {
-        vec3 target = rec.normal + random_in_unit_sphere();
-        return 0.5*color(ray(rec.p,target),world);
+        ray scattered;
+        vec3 attenuation;
+        if(depth<50 && rec.mat_ptr->scatter(r,rec,attenuation,scattered)) {
+            return attenuation*color(scattered,world,depth+1);
+        } else {
+            return vec3(0,0,0);
+        }
     }
     vec3 unit_direction = unit_vector(r.direction());
     float t = 0.5*(unit_direction.y()+1.0);
@@ -46,10 +42,12 @@ int main() {
     vector<unsigned char> image;
     image.resize(nx*ny*3);
     cout<<"P3\n"<<nx<<" "<<ny<<"\n255\n";
-    hitable *list[2];
-    list[0] = new sphere(vec3(0,0,-1), 0.5);
-    list[1] = new sphere(vec3(0,-100.5,-1), 100);
-    hitable *world = new hitable_list(list,2);
+    hitable *list[4];
+    list[0] = new sphere(vec3(0,0,-1), 0.5, new lambertian(vec3(0.8,0.3,0.3)));
+    list[1] = new sphere(vec3(0,-100.5,-1), 100, new lambertian(vec3(0.8,0.8,0.0)));
+    list[2] = new sphere(vec3(1,0,-1), 0.5, new metal(vec3(0.8, 0.6, 0.2),0.3));
+    list[3] = new sphere(vec3(-1,0,-1), 0.5, new metal(vec3(0.8, 0.8, 0.8),1.0));
+    hitable *world = new hitable_list(list,4);
     camera cam;
     for(int j=ny-1;j>=0;j--) {
         for(int i=0;i<nx;i++) {
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ int main() {
                 float v = ((float)j+drand())/(float)ny;
                 ray r = cam.get_ray(u,v);
                 vec3 p =r.point_at_parameter(2.0);
-                col += color(r,world);
+                col += color(r,world,0);
             }
             col /= (float)ns;
             col = vec3(sqrt(col[0]),sqrt(col[1]),sqrt(col[2]));
@@ -72,6 +70,6 @@ int main() {
             cout<<ir<<" "<<ig<<" "<<ib<<"\n";
         }
     }
-    encodeOneStep("Chapter7.png", image, nx, ny);
+    encodeOneStep("Chapter8.png", image, nx, ny);
+    return 0;
 }
-

Graphics/Saumya_Talera/Chapter8.ppm

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#ifndef MATERIALH
+#define MATERIALH
+
+#include "sphere.h"
+
+
+float drand() {
+    return (float)rand()/(RAND_MAX+1.0);
+}
+vec3 random_in_unit_sphere(){
+    vec3 p;
+    do {
+        p = 2.0*vec3(drand(),drand(),drand()) - vec3(1,1,1);
+    } while (p.squared_length() >= 1.0);
+    return p;
+}
+class material {
+    public:
+        virtual bool scatter(const ray& r_in, const hit_record& rec, vec3& attenuation, ray& scattered) const = 0;
+};
+
+vec3 reflect(const vec3& v, const vec3& n) {
+    return v - 2*dot(v,n)*n;
+}
+
+class lambertian : public material {
+    public: 
+        lambertian(const vec3& a) : albedo(a) {}
+        virtual bool scatter(const ray& r_in, const hit_record& rec, vec3& attenuation, ray& scattered) const {
+            vec3 target = rec.normal + random_in_unit_sphere();
+            scattered = ray(rec.p, target);
+            attenuation = albedo;
+            return true;
+        }
+        vec3 albedo;
+};
+
+class metal : public material {
+    public:
+        metal(const vec3& a, float f) : albedo(a) {if (f<1) fuzz=f; else fuzz=1;}
+        virtual bool scatter(const ray& r_in, const hit_record& rec, vec3& attenuation, ray& scattered) const {
+            vec3 reflected = reflect(unit_vector(r_in.direction()), rec.normal);
+            scattered = ray(rec.p,reflected+fuzz*random_in_unit_sphere());
+            attenuation = albedo;
+            return (dot(scattered.direction(), rec.normal)>0);
+        }
+
+        vec3 albedo;
+        float fuzz;
+};
+
+#endif

Graphics/Saumya_Talera/hitable.h

@@ -2,14 +2,19 @@
 #define SPHEREH
 
 #include "hitable.h"
+#include "material.h"
+
+
 
 class sphere: public hitable {
     public:
         sphere(){}
-        sphere(vec3 cen, float r) : center(cen), radius(r) {};
+        sphere(vec3 cen, float r, material* m) : center(cen), radius(r) {mat=m;};
         virtual bool hit(const ray& r, float t_min, float t_max, hit_record& rec) const;
         vec3 center;
         float radius;
+        material* mat;
+
 };
 
 bool sphere::hit(const ray& r, float t_min, float t_max, hit_record& rec) const {
@@ -24,13 +29,15 @@ bool sphere::hit(const ray& r, float t_min, float t_max, hit_record& rec) const
             rec.t = temp;
             rec.p = r.point_at_parameter(temp);
             rec.normal = (rec.p-center)/radius;
+            rec.mat_ptr = mat;
             return true;
         }
         temp = (-b+discriminant)/a;
         if(temp<t_max && temp>t_min) {
             rec.t = temp;
             rec.p = r.point_at_parameter(temp);
             rec.normal = (rec.p-center)/radius;
+            rec.mat_ptr = mat;
             return true;
         }
     }