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<h1>maven项目构建加速（一）命令参数篇</h1>
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2022/9/12
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<p>比如我们的项目结构如下，下面将使用maven自带的命令参数对该项目构建进行优化。本教程中仅使用了部分用于加速构建的maven参数，更多命令参数请参考官方文档 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://maven.apache.org/ref/3.8.6/maven-embedder/cli.html">Maven CLI Options Reference</a>。</p>
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<pre><code class="shell">parent
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├─childA(model层)
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│ └─pom.xml(jar)
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├─childB(service层)
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│ └─pom.xml(jar)
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├─childC(web层)
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│ └─pom.xml(war)
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└─pom.xml(pom)
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</code></pre>
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<h1 id="一、指定模块构建"><a href="#一、指定模块构建" class="headerlink" title="一、指定模块构建"></a>一、指定模块构建</h1><p>maven构建命令如<code>maven install</code>默认会构建当前项目中的所有模块，参数<code>-pl</code>能指定要构建的模块，一般配合<code>-am</code>参数一起使用。参数的作用如下：</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">参数</th>
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<th>作用</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td align="left"><code>-pl,--projects &lt;arg&gt;</code></td>
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<td>手动选择需要构建的项目,项目间以逗号分隔,<arg>可以是[group]:artifactId形式，也可以是相对路径</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left"><code>-am,--also-make</code></td>
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<td>构建指定模块,同时构建指定模块依赖的其他模块</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<h2 id="例子："><a href="#例子：" class="headerlink" title="例子："></a>例子：</h2><p>例子1：对parent、childB、childA进行构建，并安装到本地maven仓库中,childC将不被构建。</p>
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<pre><code class="shell">mvn clean install -pl childB -am
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</code></pre>
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<p>注意：在IntelliJ IDEA中，在子模块中点击右键-》maven-》Run Maven-》<code>install</code>，这个操作与使用命令<code>mvn install - pl &lt;module&gt; -am</code>效果不同。前者在还没有将整个项目install的情况下，可能会因找不到依赖而报错。</p>
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<h1 id="二、跳过测试"><a href="#二、跳过测试" class="headerlink" title="二、跳过测试"></a>二、跳过测试</h1><p>跳过测试有两种，<code>-DskipTests</code>和<code>-Dmaven.test.skip=true</code>区别如下：</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>参数</th>
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<th>作用</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td>-DskipTests</td>
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<td>不执行测试用例，但编译测试用例类生成相应的class文件至target&#x2F;test-classes下</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>-Dmaven.test.skip&#x3D;true</td>
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<td>不执行测试用例，也不编译测试用例类</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<h2 id="例子：-1"><a href="#例子：-1" class="headerlink" title="例子："></a>例子：</h2><p>例子1：将跳过当前项目所有模块中的的测试用例的执行</p>
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<pre><code class="shell">mvn clean install -DskipTests
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</code></pre>
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<p>例子2：跳过当前项目所有模块中的的测试用例的执行，并且不会编译测试用例的类</p>
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<pre><code class="shell">mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
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</code></pre>
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<p>在IntelliJ IDEA中跳过测试，作用等同于<code>-DskipTests</code>参数</p>
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<img src="/2022/09/12/maven%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%AF%87/2022-09-12_140947.png" class="" title="idea跳过测试用例">
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<p>如需跳过指定模块的测试用例，请参考官方文档 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://maven.apache.org/plugins-archives/maven-surefire-plugin-2.12.4/examples/skipping-test.html">Skipping Tests</a></p>
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<h1 id="三、开启离线模式"><a href="#三、开启离线模式" class="headerlink" title="三、开启离线模式"></a>三、开启离线模式</h1><p>默认情况下，maven构建时会定期检查SNAPSHOT版本依赖在远程仓库中的有无更新，如果可以确定没有更新可以添加<code>-o</code>参数，来跳过此检查。参数作用如下：</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>参数</th>
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<th>作用</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td>-o,–offline</td>
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<td>运行offline模式,不联网进行依赖更新</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<h2 id="例子：-2"><a href="#例子：-2" class="headerlink" title="例子："></a>例子：</h2><p>例子1：开启离线模式</p>
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<pre><code class="shell">mvn clean install -o
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</code></pre>
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<p>在IntelliJ IDEA中开启离线模式，作用等同于<code>-o</code>参数</p>
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<img src="/2022/09/12/maven%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%AF%87/2022-09-12_180555.png" class="" title="idea开启离线模式">
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<h1 id="四、多线程构建"><a href="#四、多线程构建" class="headerlink" title="四、多线程构建"></a>四、多线程构建</h1><p>maven从3.x版本开始支持多线程构建项目，不过需要手动开启。官方宣称大约20-50% 的速度提升，具体还要看项目结构、项目规模等因素。开启多线程构建前，还应评估兼容性，maven核心的功能都是支持多线程的，但是个别第三方maven插件可能不是线程安全的，详情见<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/Parallel+builds+in+Maven+3">Parallel builds in Maven 3</a>。开启多线程的命令参数作用如下：</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>参数</th>
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<th>作用</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td>-Dmaven.compile.fork&#x3D;true</td>
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<td>开启多线程编译</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>-T,–threads <arg></td>
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<td>线程数，<br/>-T 4 是直接指定4线程<br/>-T 1C 表示CPU线程的倍数</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<h2 id="例子：-3"><a href="#例子：-3" class="headerlink" title="例子："></a>例子：</h2><p>例子1：开启四线程进行并发构建</p>
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<pre><code class="shell">mvn clean install -Dmaven.compile.fork=true -T 4
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</code></pre>
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<p>在IntelliJ IDEA中开启多线程构建，作用等同于<code>-Dmaven.compile.fork=true -T 4</code>参数</p>
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<img src="/2022/09/12/maven%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%89%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%AF%87/2022-09-12_181509.png" class="" title="idea开启多线程构建">
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