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DOCSP-49078: Extended JSON
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‎source/data-formats/extended-json.txt‎

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:local:
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:backlinks: none
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:depth: 2
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:class: singlecol
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:class: singlecol
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.. facet::
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:name: genre
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:values: reference
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.. meta::
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:keywords: code examples, bson, relaxed, canonical, legacy
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Overview
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--------
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JSON is a data format that represents the values of objects, arrays, numbers,
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strings, booleans, and nulls. The **Extended JSON** format defines a reserved
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set of keys prefixed with "``$``" to represent field type information that
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directly corresponds to each type in BSON, the format that MongoDB uses to
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store data.
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Extended JSON Formats
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---------------------
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MongoDB Extended JSON features different string formats to represent BSON data.
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Each of the different formats conform to the JSON RFC
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and meet specific use cases. The **extended** format, also known as the
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**canonical** format, features specific representations for every BSON type
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for bidirectional conversion without loss of information. The **Relaxed mode**
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format is more concise and closer to ordinary JSON, but does not represent
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all the type information such as the specific byte size of number fields.
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See the following table to see a description of each format:
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.. list-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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:stub-columns: 1
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:widths: 10 40
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* - Name
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- Description
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* - **Extended**
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- | Also known as the *canonical* format, this JSON representation avoids loss of
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BSON type information.
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| This format prioritizes type preservation at the loss of human-readability and
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interoperability with older formats.
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* - **Relaxed Mode**
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- | JSON representation that describes BSON documents with some type information loss.
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| This format prioritizes human-readability and interoperability at the loss of
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certain type information.
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* - **Shell**
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- | JSON representation that matches the syntax used in the MongoDB shell.
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| This format prioritizes compatibility with the MongoDB shell, which often uses
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JavaScript functions to represent types.
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* - **Strict**
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- | *Deprecated.* This representation is the legacy format that fully conforms to
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the `JSON RFC <http://www.json.org/>`__ which allows any JSON parser to read the type information.
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.. _extended_json_example_section:
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.. note::
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The driver parses the ``$uuid`` Extended JSON type from a string to a
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``BsonBinary`` object of binary subtype 4. For more information about ``$uuid`` field
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parsing, see the
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:spec:`special rules for parsing $uuid fields </extended-json.rst#special-rules-for-parsing-uuid-fields>`
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section in the extended JSON specification.
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To learn more about JSON, BSON, and Extended JSON, see
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`our article about JSON and BSON <https://www.mongodb.com/resources/basics/json-and-bson>`__
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and :manual:`Extended JSON </reference/mongodb-extended-json/>` in the {+mdb-server+} manual.
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Extended JSON Examples
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The following examples show a document containing an ObjectId, date, and long
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number field represented in each Extended JSON format. Click the tab that
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corresponds to the format of the example you want to see:
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.. tabs::
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.. tab:: Extended
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:tabid: extended-format
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"_id": { "$oid": "573a1391f29313caabcd9637" },
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"createdAt": { "$date": { "$numberLong": "1601499609" }},
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"numViews": { "$numberLong": "36520312" }
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}
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.. tab:: Relaxed Mode
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:tabid: relaxed-mode-format
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"_id": { "$oid": "573a1391f29313caabcd9637" },
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"createdAt": { "$date": "2020-09-30T18:22:51.648Z" },
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"numViews": 36520312
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}
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.. tab:: Shell
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:tabid: shell-format
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"_id": ObjectId("573a1391f29313caabcd9637"),
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"createdAt": ISODate("2020-09-30T18:22:51.648Z"),
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"numViews": NumberLong("36520312")
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}
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.. tab:: Strict
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:tabid: strict-format
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.. code-block:: json
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{
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"_id": { "$oid": "573a1391f29313caabcd9637" },
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"createdAt": { "$date": 1601499609 },
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"numViews": { "$numberLong": "36520312" }
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}
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Read Extended JSON
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------------------
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You can read an Extended JSON documents into a {+language+} object by using the
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``BsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>()`` method. The following example reads an
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Extended JSON document into a ``BsonDocument`` object:
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.. io-code-block::
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.. input:: /includes/fundamentals/code-examples/ExtendedJson.cs
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:language: csharp
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:start-after: start-read-ejson
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:end-before: end-read-ejson
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:dedent:
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.. output::
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:visible: false
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{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "573a1391f29313caabcd9637" }, "createdAt" : { "$date" : "1970-01-19T12:51:39.609Z" }, "numViews" : 36520312 }
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Write Extended JSON
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-------------------
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You can write an Extended JSON string by calling the ``ToJson()`` method on a
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``BsonDocument`` object or custom class. You must specify a ``JsonWriterSettings`` object
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with the ``OutputMode`` property set to the desired Extended JSON format as a parameter to
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the ``ToJson()`` method.
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Consider the following custom class:
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.. literalinclude:: /includes/fundamentals/code-examples/ExtendedJson.cs
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:language: csharp
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:start-after: start-custom-class
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:end-before: end-custom-class
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The following example outputs an instance of ``MyDocument`` in
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Extended JSON format by specifying the ``CanonicalExtendedJson`` value to the ``OutputMode``
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property:
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.. io-code-block::
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.. input:: /includes/fundamentals/code-examples/ExtendedJson.cs
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:language: csharp
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:start-after: start-read-ejson
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:end-before: end-read-ejson
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:dedent:
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.. output::
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:visible: false
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{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "68094769744af81f368ff1c1" }, "CreatedAt" : { "$date" : { "$numberLong" : "1745438569994" } }, "NumViews" : { "$numberLong" : "1234567890" } }
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API Documentation
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-----------------
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To learn more about the methods and classes used on this page, see the following API
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documentation:
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- `BsonDocument <{+new-api-root+}/MongoDB.Bson/MongoDB.Bson.BsonDocument.html>`__
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- `BsonSerializer <{+new-api-root+}/MongoDB.Bson/MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.BsonSerializer.html>`__
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- `ToJson() <{+new-api-root+}/MongoDB.Bson/MongoDB.Bson.BsonExtensionMethods.ToJson.html>`__
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- `JsonWriterSettings <{+new-api-root+}/MongoDB.Bson/MongoDB.Bson.IO.JsonWriterSettings.html>`__

‎source/includes/fundamentals/code-examples/ExtendedJson.cs‎

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using MongoDB.Bson;
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using MongoDB.Bson.IO;
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using MongoDB.Driver;
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using MongoDB.Driver.Core.Clusters;
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using MongoDB.Driver.Core.Clusters.ServerSelectors;
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using MongoDB.Driver.Core.Servers;
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using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization;
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public class ExtendedJson
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{
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public static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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{
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// start-read-ejson
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var ejson = "{\n\"_id\": { \"$oid\": \"573a1391f29313caabcd9637\" },\n \"createdAt\": { \"$date\": { \"$numberLong\": \"1601499609\" }},\n\"numViews\": { \"$numberLong\": \"36520312\" }\n}\n\n";
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var document = BsonSerializer.Deserialize<BsonDocument>(ejson);
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Console.WriteLine(document.ToJson());
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// end-read-ejson
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}
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{
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// start-write-ejson
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var document = new MyDocument();
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document.Id = ObjectId.GenerateNewId();
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document.CreatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
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document.NumViews = 1234567890;
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var json = document.ToJson(new JsonWriterSettings
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{
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OutputMode = JsonOutputMode.CanonicalExtendedJson
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});
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Console.WriteLine(json);
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// end-write-ejson
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}
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}
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}
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// start-custom-class
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public class MyDocument
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{
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public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
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public DateTime CreatedAt { get; set; }
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public long NumViews { get; set; }
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}
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// end-custom-class

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