diff --git a/lib/pkp b/lib/pkp
index a328708889..515da5c286 160000
--- a/lib/pkp
+++ b/lib/pkp
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit a328708889384c54584bf6332ac65c740a599e95
+Subproject commit 515da5c286caade25c115ce80cc650f77874525e
diff --git a/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage b/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage
index ae8028c801..b0cddf1882 160000
--- a/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage
+++ b/plugins/generic/citationStyleLanguage
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit ae8028c801e9b94233132809f90e11ef6fa6aa35
+Subproject commit b0cddf188254dca5337960faa7c03716b98d6499
diff --git a/plugins/metadata/dc11/filter/Dc11SchemaPreprintAdapter.php b/plugins/metadata/dc11/filter/Dc11SchemaPreprintAdapter.php
index c9aa1ea146..62f060cb11 100644
--- a/plugins/metadata/dc11/filter/Dc11SchemaPreprintAdapter.php
+++ b/plugins/metadata/dc11/filter/Dc11SchemaPreprintAdapter.php
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 use APP\submission\Submission;
 use PKP\db\DAORegistry;
 use PKP\facades\Locale;
-use PKP\i18n\LocaleConversion;
 use PKP\metadata\MetadataDataObjectAdapter;
 use PKP\metadata\MetadataDescription;
 use PKP\plugins\Hook;
@@ -59,6 +58,7 @@ public function &injectMetadataIntoDataObject(&$metadataDescription, &$targetDat
      * @param Submission $submission
      *
      * @return MetadataDescription
+     *
      * @hook Dc11SchemaPreprintAdapter::extractMetadataFromDataObject [[$this, $submission, $server, &$dc11Description]]
      */
     public function &extractMetadataFromDataObject(&$submission)
@@ -145,20 +145,12 @@ public function &extractMetadataFromDataObject(&$submission)
         $dc11Description->addStatement('dc:identifier', $request->url($server->getPath(), 'preprint', 'view', [$submission->getBestId()]));
 
         // Language
-        $locales = [];
-        foreach ($galleys as $galley) {
-            $galleyLocale = $galley->getLocale();
-            if (!is_null($galleyLocale) && !in_array($galleyLocale, $locales)) {
-                $locales[] = $galleyLocale;
-                $dc11Description->addStatement('dc:language', LocaleConversion::getIso3FromLocale($galleyLocale));
-            }
-        }
-        $submissionLanguages = $submission->getLanguage();
-        if (empty($locales) && isset($submissionLanguages[$submission->getLocale()])) {
-            foreach ($submissionLanguages[$submission->getLocale()] as $language) {
-                $dc11Description->addStatement('dc:language', $language);
-            }
-        }
+        collect($galleys)
+            ->map(fn ($g) => $g->getData('locale'))
+            ->push($publication->getData('locale'))
+            ->filter()
+            ->unique()
+            ->each(fn ($l) => $dc11Description->addStatement('dc:language', $l));
 
         // Relation
         // full text URLs
diff --git a/plugins/oaiMetadataFormats/dc/tests/OAIMetadataFormat_DCTest.php b/plugins/oaiMetadataFormats/dc/tests/OAIMetadataFormat_DCTest.php
index f5469b2441..f6296ca346 100755
--- a/plugins/oaiMetadataFormats/dc/tests/OAIMetadataFormat_DCTest.php
+++ b/plugins/oaiMetadataFormats/dc/tests/OAIMetadataFormat_DCTest.php
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ public function testToXml()
         $publication->setData('abstract', 'preprint-abstract', 'en');
         $publication->setData('sponsor', 'preprint-sponsor', 'en');
         $publication->setData('doiObject', $publicationDoiObject);
-        $publication->setData('languages', ['en' => ['en']]);
         $publication->setData('copyrightHolder', 'preprint-copyright');
         $publication->setData('copyrightYear', 'year');
         $publication->setData('datePublished', '2010-11-05');
@@ -144,6 +143,7 @@ public function testToXml()
             ->will($this->returnValue(98));
         $galley->setId(98);
         $galley->setData('doiObject', $galleyDoiObject);
+        $galley->setData('locale', 'en');
 
         $galleys = [$galley];