[libfuzzer] Reduce default verbosity when printing large mutation sequences

When using a custom mutator (e.g. thrift mutator, similar to LPM)
that calls back into libfuzzer's mutations via `LLVMFuzzerMutate`, the mutation
sequences needed to achieve new coverage can get prohibitively large.

Printing these large sequences has two downsides:

1) It makes the logs hard to understand for a human.
2) The performance cost slows down fuzzing.

In this patch I change the `PrintMutationSequence` function to take a max
number of entries, to achieve this goal. I also update `PrintStatusForNewUnit`
to default to printing only 10 entries, in the default verbosity level (1),
requiring the user to set verbosity to 2 if they want the full mutation
sequence.

For our use case, turning off verbosity is not an option, as that would also
disable `PrintStats()` which is very useful for infrastructure that analyzes
the logs in realtime. I imagine most users of libfuzzer always want those logs
in the default.

I built a fuzzer locally with this patch applied to libfuzzer.

When running with the default verbosity, I see logs like this:

    rust-lang#65 NEW    cov: 4799 ft: 10443 corp: 41/1447Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 1 rss: 575Mb L: 28658/62542 MS: 196 Custom-CrossOver-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CrossOver- DE: "\xff\xff\xff\x0e"-"\xfe\xff\xff\x7f"-"\xfe\xff\xff\x7f"-"\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\x00\x00\x00\xf9"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfa\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf7\xff\xff\xff"-"@\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"E\x00"-
    rust-lang#67 NEW    cov: 4810 ft: 10462 corp: 42/1486Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 1 rss: 577Mb L: 39823/62542 MS: 135 Custom-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit- DE: "\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\xf1"-"\x00\x00\x00\x07"-"\x00\x0d"-"\xfd\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xf4"-"\xe3\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xf1"-"\xea\xff\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\xfd"-"\x01\x00\x00\x05"-

Staring hard at the logs it's clear that the cap of 10 is applied.

When running with verbosity level 2, the logs look like the below:

    rust-lang#66    NEW    cov: 4700 ft: 10188 corp: 37/1186Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 2 rss: 509Mb L: 47616/61231 MS: 520 Custom-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CMP-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-InsertRepeatedBytes-PersAutoDict-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CMP-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeByte-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CMP-InsertByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CopyPart-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-CMP-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CMP-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-InsertByte-InsertByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-PersAutoDict-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-CMP-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-InsertByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeByte-PersAutoDict-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeBit-PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-InsertRepeatedBytes-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-ChangeByte-Custom-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-CMP-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CopyPart-PersAutoDict-ChangeBinInt-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-InsertByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CMP-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-InsertByte-InsertByte-CopyPart-Custom- DE: "warn"-"\x00\x00\x00\x80"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfb"-"\xff\xff"-"\x10\x00\x00\x00"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xf6"-"U\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\xd9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xea"-"\xf0\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfc\xff\xff\xff"-"warn"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfb"-"\x00\x00\x00\x80"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xf1"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xea"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x012"-"\xe2\x00"-"\xfb\xff\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\xe9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\x80"-"\x01\x00\x04\xc9"-"\xf0\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x12"-"\xe2\x00"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xea"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf4\xff\xff\xff"-"\xe9\xff\xff\xff"-"\xf1\xff\xff\xff"-
    rust-lang#48    NEW    cov: 4502 ft: 9151 corp: 27/750Kb lim: 64000 exec/s: 2 rss: 458Mb L: 50772/50772 MS: 259 ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-InsertByte-CrossOver-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CMP-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-InsertByte-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-CrossOver-CopyPart-CopyPart-CopyPart-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-CMP-CopyPart-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-CMP-InsertRepeatedBytes-CopyPart-Custom-ChangeByte-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-CrossOver-CMP-ShuffleBytes-EraseBytes-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBinInt-ShuffleBytes-PersAutoDict-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-EraseBytes-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-InsertByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-InsertByte-InsertByte-ChangeByte-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBit-CrossOver-ChangeByte-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-ChangeByte-PersAutoDict-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-InsertRepeatedBytes-CMP-CrossOver-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-CrossOver-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBinInt-ChangeBinInt-CopyPart-PersAutoDict-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-ChangeBinInt-ChangeByte-CopyPart-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-PersAutoDict-CMP-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-CrossOver-ChangeBit-CrossOver-PersAutoDict-CrossOver-CopyPart-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CrossOver-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-ChangeBinInt-CrossOver-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeByte-EraseBytes-ChangeBit-CrossOver-CrossOver-CrossOver-ChangeByte-ChangeBit-ShuffleBytes-ChangeBit-ChangeBit-EraseBytes-CrossOver-CrossOver-CopyPart-ShuffleBytes-ChangeByte-ChangeByte-CopyPart-CrossOver-CopyPart-CrossOver-CrossOver-EraseBytes-EraseBytes-ShuffleBytes-InsertRepeatedBytes-ChangeBit-CopyPart-Custom- DE: "\xfe\xff\xff\xfc"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"F\x00"-"\xf3\xff\xff\xff"-"St9exception"-"_\x00\x00\x00"-"\xf6\xff\xff\xff"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xff"-"\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"p\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfb"-"\xff\xff"-"\xff\xff\xff\xff"-"\x01\x00\x00\x07"-"\xfe\xff\xff\xfe"-

These are prohibitively large and of limited value in the default case (when
someone is running the fuzzer, not debugging it), in my opinion.

Reviewed By: morehouse

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86658

Author: mhlakhani

compiler-rt/lib/fuzzer/FuzzerLoop.cpp

@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ void Fuzzer::PrintStatusForNewUnit(const Unit &U, const char *Text) {
   PrintStats(Text, "");
   if (Options.Verbosity) {
     Printf(" L: %zd/%zd ", U.size(), Corpus.MaxInputSize());
-    MD.PrintMutationSequence();
+    MD.PrintMutationSequence(Options.Verbosity >= 2);
     Printf("\n");
   }
 }

compiler-rt/lib/fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 namespace fuzzer {
 
 const size_t Dictionary::kMaxDictSize;
+static const size_t kMaxMutationsToPrint = 10;
 
 static void PrintASCII(const Word &W, const char *PrintAfter) {
   PrintASCII(W.data(), W.size(), PrintAfter);
@@ -481,15 +482,21 @@ void MutationDispatcher::PrintRecommendedDictionary() {
   Printf("###### End of recommended dictionary. ######\n");
 }
 
-void MutationDispatcher::PrintMutationSequence() {
+void MutationDispatcher::PrintMutationSequence(bool Verbose) {
   Printf("MS: %zd ", CurrentMutatorSequence.size());
-  for (auto M : CurrentMutatorSequence)
-    Printf("%s-", M.Name);
+  size_t EntriesToPrint =
+      Verbose ? CurrentMutatorSequence.size()
+              : std::min(kMaxMutationsToPrint, CurrentMutatorSequence.size());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < EntriesToPrint; i++)
+    Printf("%s-", CurrentMutatorSequence[i].Name);
   if (!CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.empty()) {
     Printf(" DE: ");
-    for (auto DE : CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence) {
+    EntriesToPrint = Verbose ? CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.size()
+                             : std::min(kMaxMutationsToPrint,
+                                        CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < EntriesToPrint; i++) {
       Printf("\"");
-      PrintASCII(DE->GetW(), "\"-");
+      PrintASCII(CurrentDictionaryEntrySequence[i]->GetW(), "\"-");
     }
   }
 }

compiler-rt/lib/fuzzer/FuzzerMutate.h

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ class MutationDispatcher {
   ~MutationDispatcher() {}
   /// Indicate that we are about to start a new sequence of mutations.
   void StartMutationSequence();
-  /// Print the current sequence of mutations.
-  void PrintMutationSequence();
+  /// Print the current sequence of mutations. Only prints the full sequence
+  /// when Verbose is true.
+  void PrintMutationSequence(bool Verbose = true);
   /// Indicate that the current sequence of mutations was successful.
   void RecordSuccessfulMutationSequence();
   /// Mutates data by invoking user-provided mutator.

compiler-rt/test/fuzzer/CustomMutatorWithLongSequencesTest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+// Simple test for a cutom mutator that results in long sequences of mutations.
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "FuzzerInterface.h"
+
+static volatile int Sink;
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *Data, size_t Size) {
+  assert(Data);
+  if (Size > 0 && Data[0] == 'H') {
+    Sink = 1;
+    if (Size > 1 && Data[1] == 'i') {
+      Sink = 2;
+      if (Size > 2 && Data[2] == '!') {
+        std::cout << "BINGO; Found the target, exiting\n"
+                  << std::flush;
+        exit(1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" size_t LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator(uint8_t *Data, size_t Size,
+                                          size_t MaxSize, unsigned int Seed) {
+  // Run this 25 times to generate a large mutation sequence.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
+    LLVMFuzzerMutate(Data, Size, MaxSize);
+  }
+  return LLVMFuzzerMutate(Data, Size, MaxSize);
+}

compiler-rt/test/fuzzer/fuzzer-custommutator.test

@@ -11,3 +11,13 @@ LLVMFuzzerCustomMutatorWithLenControl: INFO: found LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator
 LLVMFuzzerCustomMutatorWithLenControl: In LLVMFuzzerCustomMutator
 LLVMFuzzerCustomMutatorWithLenControl: {{.*}} lim: {{[1-9][0-9]?}} {{.*}}
 LLVMFuzzerCustomMutatorWithLenControl: BINGO
+
+# sanity check: verify that we do get long lines with verbose printing on
+RUN: %cpp_compiler %S/CustomMutatorWithLongSequencesTest.cpp -o %t-CustomMutatorWithLongSequencesTest
+RUN: not %run %t-CustomMutatorWithLongSequencesTest -verbosity=2 2> %t-mutate-verbose-log
+RUN: grep "NEW" %t-mutate-verbose-log | grep '.\{1024\}'
+
+# check a target that prints long mutation sequences and verifies the printed
+# output does not get too large
+RUN: not %run %t-CustomMutatorWithLongSequencesTest 2> %t-mutate-log
+RUN: grep "NEW" %t-mutate-log | grep -v '.\{1024\}'