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<!doctype html>
<!--
/*
* Copyright (c) 2012, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
-->
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta name="description" content="This document describes the JavaFX
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for JavaFX @FXVERSION@ and explains the
styles, values, properties and associated grammar.">
<meta name="keywords" content="JavaFX, JavaFX CSS, JavaFX CSS reference,
JavaFX CSS guide, JavaFX styling, CSS styles, CSS, cascading style sheets,
JavaFX GUI development, JavaFX application development">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>JavaFX CSS Reference Guide</title>
<style type="text/css">
body {
font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
}
h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color:#385E76
}
h2 {
border-top: 3px dashed #DDD;
margin-top: 30px;
padding-top: 15px;
font-size: 22px;
color:#385E76
}
h3 {
background-color: #EEE;
padding: 3px;
font-size: 18px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 16px;
margin: 18px 0px 10px 0px;
}
ul.contents li {
font-size: 12px;
font-weight:bold;
list-style-type:circle;
margin: 3px 0px 3px 0px;
}
ul.contents li li {
font-weight:normal;
list-style-type:circle;
}
/*ul.contents a {
color:#000
}*/
a {
text-decoration:none;
color:#06C
}
.csspropertytable {
border-spacing: 1px;
background-color: #CCC;
}
.csspropertytable th, .csspropertytable td {
padding: 2px;
}
.csspropertytable thead th, .csspropertytable thead td, .csspropertytable tbody th.subheader {
font-size: 10px;
text-align: center;
background-color: #CCC;
}
.csspropertytable tbody {
background-color:#FFF;
font-size: 12px;
}
/*.csspropertytable td:first-child {
color:#06C;
font-weight:bold;
white-space:nowrap;
}*/
.cssmisctable {
border-spacing: 2px;
background-color:#CCC;
}
.cssmisctable th, .cssmisctable td {
padding: 4px;
}
.cssmisctable thead {
font-size: 10px;
}
.cssmisctable tbody th, .cssmisctable tbody td {
font-size: 12px;
text-align: left;
font-weight: normal;
background-color: #FFF;
}
.package {
margin: 15px 0px 0px 0px;
padding: 2px;
background-color:#666;
color:#FFF;
font-weight:bold;
border:none
}
.package td {
background-color:#666;
font-size: 14px;
}
th.parents, td.parents {
font-weight:bold;
color:#C00;
background-color:#DDD;
padding: 4px;
text-align:center;
font-size: 10px;
}
th.propertyname, td.propertyname {
color:#06C;
background-color: #FFF;
font-weight:bold;
text-align:left;
white-space:nowrap;
}
td.value {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 10px;
}
td.default {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 10px;
text-align:center;
white-space:nowrap;
}
td.range {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 10px;
text-align:center;
white-space:nowrap;
}
td.implemented {
text-align:center;
white-space:nowrap;
}
.grammar {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 14px;
color:#039;
}
p.example {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 14px;
/* white-space: pre; */
padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;
color:#090;
margin: 0px;
}
span.example {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 14px;
color:#090;
}
p.subtitle {
font-style: italic;
color:#999;
}
p.styleclass {
font-style: italic;
}
.grammar .typelink , p .typelink , td .typelink{
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 14px;
color:#039;
}
td.value .typelink {
font-family:"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace;
font-size: 10px;
color:#039;
}
/* Oracle FX style */
.fx-code-header {
background: #ffffff;
background-image:url(fx_code_header.jpg);
height: 50px;
width: 656px;
}
/* Oracle FX style */
.version {
font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size:10px;
padding-top:2px;
color:#265F7F;
line-height:1.2em;
position:relative;
left:425px;
top:10px;
width:200px;
text-align:right;
}
/* Color Table Styles */
div.colorsquare {
display:inline-block;
width:20em;
margin: 3px 3px
}
div.colorsquare > span {
background: none repeat scroll 0% 50%;
display:inline-block;
width:16px;
height:16px;
border:2px solid black;
margin-right:1em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="fx-code-header">
<div class="version"><br>
Release: JavaFX @FXVERSION@</div>
</div>
<h1>JavaFX CSS Reference Guide</h1>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul class="contents">
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#introscenegraph">CSS and the JavaFX Scene Graph</a></li>
<li><a href="#introstylesheets">Scene, Parent and SubScene Stylesheets</a></li>
<li><a href="#intronaming">Naming Conventions</a></li>
<li><a href="#intropublicapi">CSS Public API</a></li>
<li><a href="#introinheritance">Inheritance</a></li>
<li><a href="#introtransitions">Transitions</a>
<li><a href="#introatrules">@ Rules</a></li>
<li><a href="#introexamples">Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="#introparserwarnings">Understanding Parser Warnings</a></li>
<li><a href="#introlimitations">Limitations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#types">Types</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#typeinherit">inherit</a></li>
<li><a href="#typeboolean"><boolean></a></li>
<li><a href="#typestring"><string></a></li>
<li><a href="#typenumber"><number> & <integer></a> </li>
<li><a href="#typesize"><size></a></li>
<li><a href="#typelength"><length></a></li>
<li><a href="#typepercentage"><percentage></a></li>
<li><a href="#typeangle"><angle></a></li>
<li><a href="#typeduration"><duration></a></li>
<li><a href="#typepoint"><point></a></li>
<li><a href="#typecolorstop"><color-stop></a></li>
<li><a href="#typeurl"><uri></a></li>
<li><a href="#typeeffect"><effect></a></li>
<li><a href="#typefont"><font></a></li>
<li><a href="#typepaint"><paint></a></li>
<li><a href="#typecolor"><color></a></li>
<li><a href="#typeeasingfunction"><easing-function></a></li>
<li><a href="#typetextbounds"><text-bounds></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#stage">Stage</a>
<ul>
<li>javafx.stage
<ul>
<li><a href="#popupwindow">PopupWindow</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#nodes">Nodes</a>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene
<ul>
<li><a href="#group">Group</a></li>
<li><a href="#node">Node</a></li>
<li><a href="#parent">Parent</a></li>
<li><a href="#scene">Scene</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.image
<ul>
<li><a href="#imageview">ImageView</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.layout
<ul>
<li><a href="#anchorpane">AnchorPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#border">BorderPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#dialogpane">DialogPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#flowpane">FlowPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#gridpane">GridPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#hbox">HBox</a></li>
<li><a href="#pane">Pane</a></li>
<li><a href="#region">Region</a></li>
<li><a href="#stackpane">StackPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#tilepane">TilePane</a></li>
<li><a href="#vbox">VBox</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.media
<ul>
<li><a href="#mediaview">MediaView</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.shape
<ul>
<li><a href="#shape">Shape</a></li>
<li><a href="#arc">Arc</a></li>
<li><a href="#circle">Circle</a></li>
<li><a href="#cubiccurve">CubicCurve</a></li>
<li><a href="#ellipse">Ellipse</a></li>
<li><a href="#line">Line</a></li>
<li><a href="#path">Path</a></li>
<li><a href="#polygon">Polygon</a></li>
<li><a href="#quadcurve">QuadCurve</a></li>
<li><a href="#rectangle">Rectangle</a></li>
<li><a href="#svgpath">SVGPath</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.text
<ul>
<li><a href="#text">Text</a></li>
<li><a href="#textflow">TextFlow</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.web
<ul>
<li><a href="#webview">WebView</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#controls">Controls</a>
<ul>
<li>javafx.scene.control
<ul>
<li><a href="#accordion">Accordion</a></li>
<li><a href="#button">Button</a></li>
<li><a href="#buttonbase">ButtonBase</a></li>
<li><a href="#cell">Cell</a></li>
<li><a href="#checkbox">CheckBox</a></li>
<li><a href="#checkmenuitem">CheckMenuItem</a></li>
<li><a href="#choicebox">ChoiceBox</a></li>
<li><a href="#colorpicker">ColorPicker</a></li>
<li><a href="#combobox">ComboBox</a></li>
<li><a href="#contextmenu">ContextMenu</a></li>
<li><a href="#control">Control</a></li>
<li><a href="#datepicker">DatePicker</a></li>
<li><a href="#htmleditor">HTMLEditor</a></li>
<li><a href="#hyperlink">Hyperlink</a></li>
<li><a href="#indexedcell">IndexedCell</a></li>
<li><a href="#label">Label</a></li>
<li><a href="#labeled">Labeled</a></li>
<li><a href="#listcell">ListCell</a></li>
<li><a href="#listview">ListView</a></li>
<li><a href="#menu">Menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#menubar">MenuBar</a></li>
<li><a href="#menubutton">MenuButton</a></li>
<li><a href="#menuitem">MenuItem</a></li>
<li><a href="#pagination">Pagination</a></li>
<li><a href="#passwordfield">PasswordField</a></li>
<li><a href="#progressbar">ProgressBar</a></li>
<li><a href="#progressindicator">ProgressIndicator</a></li>
<li><a href="#radiobutton">RadioButton</a></li>
<li><a href="#radiomenuitem">RadioMenuItem</a></li>
<li><a href="#scrollbar">ScrollBar</a></li>
<li><a href="#scrollpane">ScrollPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#separator">Separator</a></li>
<li><a href="#spinner">Spinner</a></li>
<li><a href="#slider">Slider</a></li>
<li><a href="#splitmenubutton">SplitMenuButton</a></li>
<li><a href="#splitpane">SplitPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#tabpane">TabPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#tablecolumnheader">TableColumnHeader</a></li>
<li><a href="#tableview">TableView</a></li>
<li><a href="#text-area">TextArea</a></li>
<li><a href="#textinputcontrol">TextInputControl</a></li>
<li><a href="#textfield">TextField</a></li>
<li><a href="#titledpane">TitledPane</a></li>
<li><a href="#togglebutton">ToggleButton</a></li>
<li><a href="#toolbar">ToolBar</a></li>
<li><a href="#tooltip">Tooltip</a></li>
<li><a href="#treecell">TreeCell</a></li>
<li><a href="#treetablecell">TreeTableCell</a></li>
<li><a href="#treetableview">TreeTableView</a></li>
<li><a href="#treeview">TreeView</a></li>
<li><a href="#webview">WebView</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#charts">Charts</a>
<ul>
<li> javafx.scene.chart
<ul>
<li><a href="#areachart">AreaChart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#axis">Axis</a> </li>
<li><a href="#barchart">BarChart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#bubblechart">BubbleChart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#categoryaxis">CategoryAxis</a> </li>
<li><a href="#chart">Chart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#legend">Legend</a> </li>
<li><a href="#linechart">LineChart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#numberaxis">NumberAxis</a> </li>
<li><a href="#piechart">PieChart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#scatterchart">ScatterChart</a> </li>
<li><a href="#valueaxis">ValueAxis</a> </li>
<li><a href="#xychart">XYChart</a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#incubator-modules">Incubator Modules</a>
<ul>
<li>jfx.incubator.scene.control.richtext
<ul>
<li><a href="#codearea">CodeArea</a></li>
<li><a href="#richtextarea">RichTextArea</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a id="intro">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>
Never has styling a Java UI been easier than with JavaFX and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Going from one
theme to another, or customizing the look of just one control, can all be done through CSS. To the novice,
this may be unfamiliar territory; but the learning curve is not that great. Give CSS styling a try and the
benefits will soon be apparent. You can also split the design and development workflow, or defer design
until later in the project. Up to the last minute changes, and even post-deployment changes, in the UI's
look can be achieved through JavaFX CSS.
</p>
<p>
The structure of this document is as follows. First, there is a
description of all value types for JavaFX CSS properties.Where
appropriate, this includes a grammar for the syntax of values of that
type. Then, for each scene‑graph node that supports CSS styles, a table is
given that lists the properties that are supported, along with type and
semantic information. The pseudo‑classes for each class are also given.
The description of CSS properties continues for the controls. For each
control, the substructure of that control's skin is given, along with the
style‑class names for the Region objects that implement that substructure.
</p>
<h3><a id="introscenegraph">CSS and the JavaFX Scene Graph</a></h3>
<p>
JavaFX Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is based on the W3C CSS version 2.1 <a href="#references">[1]</a>
with some additions from current work on version 3 <a href="#references">[2]</a>.
JavaFX CSS also has some extensions to CSS in support of specific JavaFX
features. The goal for JavaFX CSS is to allow web developers already
familiar with CSS for HTML to use CSS to customize and develop themes for
JavaFX controls and scene‑graph objects in a natural way.
</p>
<p>
JavaFX has a rich set of extensions to CSS in support of features such as
color derivation, property lookup, and multiple background colors and
borders for a single node. These features add significant new power for
developers and designers and are described in detail in this document.
</p>
<p>
To the extent possible, JavaFX CSS follows the W3C standards; however, with few exceptions, JavaFX
property names have been prefixed with a vendor extension of "-fx-". Even if these properties seem to be
compatible with standard HTML CSS, JavaFX CSS processing assumes that the property values
make use of JavaFX CSS extensions.
</p>
<p>CSS styles are applied to nodes in the JavaFX scene‑graph in a way
similar to the way CSS styles are applied to elements in the HTML DOM.
Styles are first applied to the parent, then to its children. The code is
written such that only those branches of the scene‑graph that might need
CSS reapplied are visited. A node is styled after it is added to the scene
graph. Styles are reapplied when there is a change to the node's
pseudo‑class state, style‑class, id, inline style, or parent, or stylesheets
are added to or removed from the scene. Note that the Node must be in the
scene‑graph for CSS to be applied. The Node does not have
to be shown, but must have a non‑null value for its sceneProperty. See
<a href="../../../javafx/scene/Node.html#applyCss--">applyCss</a> for more details.</p>
<p>
During a normal scene‑graph pulse, CSS styles are applied before the scene‑graph is
laid out and painted. Styles for events that trigger a pseudo‑class state change,
such as MouseEvent.MOUSE_ENTERED which triggers the "hover" state, are
applied on the next pulse following the event.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/">CSS selectors</a> are used to match styles to scene‑graph
nodes.
The relationship of a Node to a CSS selector is as follows:
<ul>
<li>
Node's <a href="../../../javafx/scene/Node.html#getTypeSelector--">getTypeSelector</a> method returns a
String which is analogous to a CSS <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#type-selectors">Type
Selector</a>.
By default, this method returns the simple name of the class. Note that the simple name of an inner class
or of an anonymous class may not be usable as a type selector. In such a case, this method should be
overridden to return
a meaningful value.
</li>
<li>
Each node in the scene‑graph has a <a href="../../../javafx/scene/Node.html#getStyleClass--">styleClass
property</a>.
Note that a node may have more than one style‑class.
A Node's styleClass is analogous to the class="..." attribute that can
appear on HTML elements. See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#class-html">Class Selectors</a>.
</li>
<li>
Each node in the scene‑graph has an <strong>id</strong> variable, a
string. This is analogous to the id="..." attribute that can appear HTML
elements. See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#id-selectors">ID Selectors</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
JavaFX CSS also supports pseudo‑classes, but does not implement the full range of pseudo‑classes as
specified in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#pseudo-classes">Pseudo‑classes</a>. The pseudo‑classes
supported by each Node type are given in the tables within this reference.
</p>
<p>
Each node honors a set of properties that depends on the node's JavaFX
class (as distinct from its styleClass). The properties honored by each
node class are shown in detail in tables later in this document. The
property value that is actually applied depends on the precedence of the
origin of the rule, as described above, as well as the specificity of the
rule's selector as described in CSS 2 <a href="cssref.html#references">[1]</a>
. Ultimately, a property value string is converted into a JavaFX value of
the appropriate type and is then assigned to an instance variable of the
JavaFX object.
</p>
<h3><a id="introstylesheets">Scene, Parent and SubScene Stylesheets</a></h3>
<p>
CSS styles can come from style sheets or inline styles. Style sheets are
loaded from the URLs specified in the
<a href="../../../javafx/scene/Scene.html#getStylesheets--">getStylesheets</a>
property of the Scene object. If the scene‑graph contains a Control, a
default user agent style sheet is loaded. Inline styles are specified via
the Node <span style="font-weight: bold;">setStyle</span> API. Inline
styles are analogous to the style="..." attribute of an HTML element.
Styles loaded from a Scene's style sheets take precedence over selectors from
the user agent style sheet. Inline styles take precedence over
styles originating elsewhere. The precedence order of style selectors can be
modified using "!important" in a style declaration.
</p>
<p>
Beginning with JavaFX 2.1, the Parent class has a
<a href="../../../javafx/scene/Parent.html#getStylesheets--">getStylesheets</a> property,
allowing style sheets to be set on a container. This allows for one branch
of of the scene‑graph to have a distinct set of styles. Any instance of
Parent can have style sheets. A child will take its styles from its own
inline styles, the style sheets of all its ancestors, and any style sheets
from the Scene.
</p>
<p>
Beginning with JavaFX 8u20, the Scene class has a
<a href="../../../javafx/scene/Scene.html#getUserAgentStylesheet--">getUserAgentStylesheet</a> property,
allowing a user‑style sheet to be set on a Scene. This allows a Scene
to have a set of user‑agent styles distinct from the platform default. When a user‑agent
stylesheet is set on a Scene, the user‑agent styles are used instead of the styles from the
platform default user‑agent stylesheet.
</p>
<p>
Beginning with JavaFX 8u20, the SubScene class has a
<a href="../../../javafx/scene/SubScene.html#getUserAgentStylesheet--">getUserAgentStylesheet</a> property,
allowing a user‑style sheet to be set on a SubScene. This allows a SubScene
of the scene‑graph to have set of user‑agent styles distinct from the platform default
or from the Scene in which the SubScene is contained. When a user‑agent
stylesheet is set on a SubScene, the user‑agent styles are used instead of the styles from the
platform default user‑agent stylesheet or any user‑agent stylesheet set on the Scene.
</p>
<p>It is important to note that styles from a stylesheet added to a Scene or Parent, do not affect
a SubScene which is a child or descendent of the Scene or Parent. Unless a user‑agent has
been set on the SubScene, the SubScene will get styles
from the a Scene's user‑agent stylesheet or the platform user‑agent stylesheet.</p>
The implementation allows designers to style an application by using style
sheets to override property values set from code. For example, a call to <code>rectangle.setFill(Color.YELLOW)</code>
can be overridden by an inline‑style or a style from an author stylesheet. This has implications for
the cascade; particularly, when does a style from a style sheet override a
value set from code? The JavaFX CSS implementation applies the following
order of precedence: <cite>a style from a user agent style sheet has lower
priority than a value set from code, which has lower priority than a Scene
or Parent style sheet. Inline styles have highest precedence. Style sheets
from a Parent instance are considered to be more specific than those styles
from Scene style sheets.</cite>
<h3><a id="intronaming">Naming Conventions</a></h3>
<p>Naming conventions have been established for deriving CSS style‑class
names from JavaFX class names, and for deriving CSS property names from
JavaFX variable names. Note that this is only a naming convention; there
is no automatic name conversion. Most JavaFX names use "camel case," that
is, mixed case names formed from compound words, where the initial letter
of each sub-word is capitalized. Most CSS names in the HTML world are all
lower case, with compound words separated by hyphens. The convention is
therefore to take JavaFX class names and form their corresponding CSS
style‑class name by separating the compound words with hyphens and
converting the letters to all lower case. For example, the JavaFX
ToggleButton class would have a style‑class of "toggle-button". The
convention for mapping JavaFX variable names to CSS property names is
similar, with the addition of the "-fx-" prefix. For example, the
blendMode variable would have a corresponding CSS property name of
"-fx-blend-mode". </p>
<h3><a id="intropublicapi">CSS Public API</a></h3>
Beginning with JavaFX 8, public API is available for developers to create styleable properties and manage
pseudo-class state. Refer to <a href="../../../javafx/css/package-summary.html">javafx.css</a> for details.
<h3><a id="introinheritance">Inheritance</a></h3>
<p>CSS also provides for certain properties to be inherited by default, or
to be inherited if the property value is 'inherit'. If a value is
inherited, it is inherited from the computed value of the element's parent
in the document tree. In JavaFX, inheritance is similar, except that
instead of elements in the document tree, inheritance occurs from parent
nodes in the scene‑graph. </p>
<p>The following properties inherit by default. Any property can be made to
inherit by giving it the value <a href="#typeinherit" class="typelink">"inherit"</a>.</p>
<table class="cssmisctable">
<caption>Properties that inherit by default</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Class</th>
<th scope="col">Property</th>
<th scope="col">CSS Property</th>
<th scope="col">Initial Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">javafx.scene.Node</th>
<td>cursor</td>
<td>-fx-cursor</td>
<td>javafx.scene.Cursor.DEFAULT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">javafx.scene.text.Text</th>
<td>textAlignment</td>
<td>-fx-text-alignment</td>
<td>javafx.scene.text.TextAlignment.LEFT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">javafx.scene.text.Font</th>
<td>font</td>
<td>-fx-font, -fx-font-family, -fx-font-size, -fx-font-weight, -fx-font-style</td>
<td>Font.DEFAULT (12px system)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Within the hierarchy of JavaFX classes (for example, Rectangle is a
subclass of Shape, which in turn is a subclass of Node), the CSS
properties of an ancestor are also CSS properties of the descendant. This
means that a subclass will respond to the same set of properties as its
ancestor classes, and to additional properties it defines itself. So, a
Shape supports all the properties of Node plus several more, and Rectangle
supports all the properties of Shape plus a couple more. However, because
using a JavaFX class name as a type selector is an exact match, providing
style declarations for a Shape will not cause a Rectangle to use those
values (unless the .css value for the Rectangle's property is "inherit").</p>
<p>For font inheritance, the CSS engine looks <span style="font-style:italic;">only</span> for the styles in the table above. When
looking for a font to inherit, the search
terminates at any node that has a Font property that was set by the user. The user-set font is
inherited provided there is not an author or an inline-style that applies specifically to that node.
In this case, the inherited font is created from the user-set font and any parts of the applicable
author or in-line style.
<h3><a id="introtransitions">Transitions</a></h3>
<p>JavaFX supports <em>implicit transitions</em> for properties that are styled by CSS. When a property value is
changed by CSS, it transitions to its new value over a period of time. Implicit transitions are supported for
all primitive types, as well as for types that implement <code>javafx.animation.Interpolatable</code>.</p>
<p>Transitions can be defined for any node in the JavaFX scene graph with the following properties:</p>
<table class="csspropertytable">
<caption>Transition Properties</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="propertyname" scope="col">CSS Property</th>
<th class="value" scope="col">Values</th>
<th scope="col">Default</th>
<th scope="col">Comments</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="propertyname" scope="row">transition‑property</th>
<td class="value">[ none | all | <custom‑ident># ]</td>
<td class="default">all</td>
<td>The name of the CSS property to which the transition is applied.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="propertyname" scope="row">transition‑duration</th>
<td class="value"><a href="#typeduration" class="typelink"><duration>#</a></td>
<td class="default">0s</td>
<td>The duration of the transition, not including an optional delay before the transition starts.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="propertyname" scope="row">transition‑timing‑function</th>
<td class="value"><a href="#typeeasingfunction" class="typelink"><easing‑function>#</a></td>
<td class="default">ease</td>
<td>The easing function that is used to calculate the intermediate values.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="propertyname" scope="row">transition‑delay</th>
<td class="value"><a href="#typeduration" class="typelink"><duration>#</a></td>
<td class="default">0s</td>
<td>The delay after which the transition starts. If a negative delay is specified, the transition starts
as if it had already been running for the specified time.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="propertyname" scope="row">transition</th>
<td class="value">
<single-transition>#
<br/><br/>
<strong>where</strong> <single‑transition> = [ none | all | <custom‑ident> ] ||
<a href="#typeduration" class="typelink"><duration></a> ||
<a href="#typeeasingfunction" class="typelink"><easing‑function></a> ||
<a href="#typeduration" class="typelink"><duration></a>
</td>
<td class="default"></td>
<td>Short-hand notation for the individual properties. Note that while the order of the values generally
doesn't matter, the first duration is always assigned to the <strong>transition-duration</strong>
property, while the second duration is always assigned to the <strong>transition-delay</strong>
property.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>A transition is not started (or cancelled if already running) in any of these scenarios:
<ol>
<li>The property value is set programmatically</li>
<li>The property is bound</li>
<li>The node (or any of its parents) is invisible, as indicated by the
<a href="../../../javafx/scene/Node.html#visibleProperty()">Node.visible</a> property</li>
<li>The node is removed from the scene graph</li>
</ol>
</p>
Nodes fire <a href="../../../javafx/css/TransitionEvent.html">TransitionEvent</a> to signal the creation,
beginning, completion and cancellation of transitions.
<h4>Example</h4>
<p>A button that smoothly changes its opacity on mouse-hover can be defined in a stylesheet like this:</p>
<p class="example">
.button {</br>
-fx-opacity: 0.8;</br>
transition-property: -fx-opacity;</br>
transition-duration: 0.5s;</br>
}</br>
</br>
.button:hover {</br>
-fx-opacity: 1;</br>
}
</p>
<h3><a id="introatrules">@ Rules</a></h3>
<p>
Beginning with JavaFX 8u20, the CSS
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/cascade.html#at-import">@import</a> is also partially supported.
Only unconditional import is supported. In other words, the media‑type qualifier is not supported.
Also, the JavaFX CSS parser is non-compliant with regard to where an @import may appear within a stylesheet
(see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#at-rules">At‑rules</a>).
Users are cautioned that this will be fixed in a future release. Adherence to the W3C standard is strongly advised.
</p>
<p>Since JavaFX 8, the implementation partially supports the CSS3 syntax to load a font from a URL using the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/#the-font-face-rule">@font‑face</a> rule:</p>
<textarea rows="8" cols="132">
@font-face {
font-family: 'sample';
font-style: normal;
font-weight: normal;
src: local('sample'), url('http://font.samples/resources/sample.ttf';) format('truetype');
}
</textarea>
<p>This allows public resources for fonts to be used in a JavaFX application. For example, assume the URL
"http://font.samples/web?family=samples" returns the @font‑face rule given above. Then the
following code shows how the sample font could be used in a JavaFX application.</p>
<textarea rows="20" cols="132">
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class HelloFontFace extends Application {
@Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Label label = new Label("Hello @FontFace");
label.setStyle("-fx-font-family: sample; -fx-font-size: 80;");
Scene scene = new Scene(label);
scene.getStylesheets().add("http://font.samples/web?family=samples");
primaryStage.setTitle("Hello @FontFace");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); }
}
</textarea>
<p>Or, the URL could be imported into a stylesheet with the @import rule.</p>
<p>Although the parser will parse the syntax, all @font‑face descriptors are ignored except for
the <code>src</code> descriptor. The <code>src</code> descriptor is expected to be a
<a href="#typeurl" class="typelink"><url></a>. The <code>format</code> hint is ignored.</p>
<h3><a id="introexamples">Examples</a></h3>
<p>Consider the following simple JavaFX application: </p>
<p class="example">Scene scene = new Scene(new Group()); <br>
scene.getStylesheets().add(“test.css”); <br>
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(100,100); <br>
rect.setLayoutX(50); <br>
rect.setLayoutY(50); <br>
rect.getStyleClass().add("my-rect"); <br>
((Group)scene.getRoot()).getChildren().add(rect); </p>
<p>Without any styles, this will display a plain black rectangle. If
test.css contains the following: </p>
<p class="example">.my-rect { -fx-fill: red; }</p>
<p>the rectangle will be red instead of black: </p>
<p><img src="cssexample1.png" alt="A rectangle with red fill"></p>
<p>If test.css contains the following: </p>
<p class="example">.my-rect {<br>
-fx-fill: yellow;<br>
-fx-stroke: green;<br>
-fx-stroke-width: 5;<br>
-fx-stroke-dash-array: 12 2 4 2;<br>
-fx-stroke-dash-offset: 6;<br>
-fx-stroke-line-cap: butt;<br>
}<br>
</p>
<p>the result will be a yellow rectangle with a nicely dashed green border:
</p>
<p><img src="cssexample2.png" alt="A rectangle with yellow fill and a green, dashed border"></p>
<h3><a id="introparserwarnings">Understanding
Parser Warnings</a></h3>
<p>When the JavaFX CSS parser encounters a syntax error, a warning message
is emitted which conveys as much information as is available to help
resolve the error. For example </p>
<p class="example"> WARNING: javafx.css.CssParser declaration
Expected '<percent>' while parsing '-fx-background-color' at ?[1,49]
</p>
<p>The cryptic '<span class="p example">?[1,49]</span>' pertains to the
location of the error. The format of the location string is </p>
<p class="grammar"><url>[line, position]</p>
<p>If the error is found while parsing a file, the file URL will be given.
If the error is from an inline style (as in the example above), the URL is
given as a question mark. The line and position give an offset into the
file or string where the token begins. <em>Please note that the line and
position may not be accurate in releases prior to JavaFX 2.2.</em><br>
</p>
<p>Applications needing to detect errors from the parser can add a listener
to the errors property of javafx.css.CssParser. <br>
</p>
<h3><a id="introlimitations">Limitations</a></h3>
<ol>
<li> While the JavaFX CSS parser will parse valid CSS syntax, it is not a
fully compliant CSS parser. One should not expect the parser to handle
syntax not specified in this document.</li>
<li>With the exception of @font‑face and @import, @-keyword statements are ignored.</li>
<li>The <media-query-list> of the @import statement is not parsed.</li>
<li>The ":active" and ":focus" dynamic pseudo‑classes are not supported.
However, <a href="#node">Nodes</a> do support the ":pressed" and
":focused" pseudo‑classes, which are similar. </li>
<li>The ":link" and ":visited" pseudo‑classes are not supported in general.
However, <a href="#hyperlink">Hyperlink</a> objects can be styled, and
they support the ":visited" pseudo‑class. </li>
<li>JavaFX CSS does not support comma-separated series of font family names
in the -fx-font-family property. The optional line height parameter when
specifying fonts is not supported. There is no equivalent for the
font-variant property.</li>
<li>JavaFX CSS uses the HSB color model instead of the HSL color model. </li>
<li>If a property of a node is initialized by calling the set method of the
property, the CSS implementation will see this as a user set value and the
value will not be overwritten by a style from a user agent style
sheet.</li>
<li>When parsing a <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/syndata.html#uri">URI</a>,
the parser doesn't handle URI escapes nor \<hex-digit>[1,6] code points.</li>
<li>JavaFX CSS does not combine short-hand and long-hand property notations in a declaration block.
Using both notations in a single declaration block may lead to unexpected results.</li>
</ol>
<h2><a id="types">Types</a></h2>
<h3><a id="typeinherit">inherit</a></h3>
<p>Each property has a type, which determines what kind of value and the
syntax for specifying those values. In addition, each property may have a
specified value of 'inherit', which means that, for a given node, the
property takes the same computed value as the property for the node's
parent. The 'inherit' value can be used on properties that are not
normally inherited.
</p>
<p>If the 'inherit' value is set on the root element, the property is
assigned its initial value.</p>
<h3><a id="typeboolean"><boolean></a></h3>
<p>Boolean values can either have the string value of "true" or "false", the
values are case insensitive as all CSS is case insensitive.</p>
<h3><a id="typestring"><string></a></h3>
<p>Strings can either be written with double quotes or with single quotes.
Double quotes cannot occur inside double quotes, unless escaped (e.g., as
'\"' or as '\22'). Analogously for single quotes (e.g., "\'" or "\27").</p>
<p class="example">"this is a 'string'"<br>
"this is a \"string\""<br>
'this is a "string"'<br>
'this is a \'string\''</p>
<p>A string cannot directly contain a newline. To include a newline in a
string, use an escape representing the line feed character in ISO-10646
(U+000A), such as "\A" or "\00000a". This character represents the generic
notion of "newline" in CSS. See the 'content' property for an example.</p>
<h3><a id="typenumber"><number> &
<integer></a></h3>
<p>Some value types may have integer values (denoted by <integer>) or
real number values (denoted by <number>). Real numbers and integers
are specified in decimal notation only. An <integer> consists of one
or more digits "0" to "9". A <number> can either be an
<integer>, or it can be zero or more digits followed by a dot (.)
followed by one or more digits. Both integers and real numbers may be
preceded by a "-" or "+" to indicate the sign. -0 is equivalent to 0 and
is not a negative number.</p>
<p class="grammar">[+|-]? [[0-9]+|[0-9]*"."[0-9]+]</p>
<p>Note that many properties that allow an integer or real number as a value
actually restrict the value to some range, often to a non-negative value.</p>
<h3><a id="typesize"><size></a></h3>
<p>A size is a <a href="#typenumber" class="typeref"><number></a>
with units of <a href="#typelength" class="typeref"><length></a> or
<a href="#typepercentage" class="typeref"><percentage></a>. If a unit
is not specified then 'px' is assumed.</p>
<h4><a id="typelength"><length></a></h4>
<p class="grammar"><a href="#typenumber"><number></a>[ px | mm | cm |
in | pt | pc | em | ex ]?</p>
<p>No whitespace is allowed between the number and units if provided. Some
units are relative and others absolute. </p>
<p><strong>Relative</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>px</strong>: pixels, relative to the viewing device</li>
<li><strong>em</strong>: the 'font-size' of the relevant font</li>
<li><strong>ex</strong>: the 'x-height' of the relevant font</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Absolute</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>in</strong>: inches — 1 inch is equal to 2.54
centimeters.</li>
<li><strong>cm</strong>: centimeters</li>
<li><strong>mm</strong>: millimeters</li>
<li><strong>pt</strong>: points — the points used by CSS 2.1 are
equal to 1/72nd of an inch.</li>
<li><strong>pc</strong>: picas — 1 pica is equal to 12 points.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a id="typepercentage"><percentage></a></h4>
<p>These are a percentage of some length, typically to the width or height
of a node.</p>
<p class="grammar"><a href="#typenumber"><number></a>[ % ]</p>
<h3><a id="typeangle"><angle></a></h3>
<p>An angle is a <a href="#typenumber" class="typeref"><number></a>
with one of the following units.</p>
<p> </p>
<p class="grammar"><a href="#typenumber"><number></a>[ deg | rad |
grad | turn ]</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>deg</strong>: angle in degrees — all other angle units are
converted to degrees.</li>
<li><strong>rad</strong>: angle in radians</li>
<li><strong>grad</strong>: angle in gradians</li>
<li><strong>turn</strong>: angle in turns</li>
</ul>
<h3><a id="typeduration"><duration></a></h3>
<p>A duration is a <a href="#typenumber" class="typeref"><number></a>
with second or millisecond units, or the value <span class="grammar">indefinite</span>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p class="grammar">[<a href="#typenumber"><number></a>[ s | ms ]] | indefinite</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>s</strong>: duration in seconds</li>
<li><strong>ms</strong>: duration in milliseconds. One second is 1000 milliseconds.</li>
<li><strong>indefinite</strong>: See <a href="../../util/Duration.html#INDEFINITE" class="typelink">Duration.INDEFINITE</a></li>
</ul>
<p>See also <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/#time" class="typelink">W3C time units</a>.</p>
<h3><a id="typepoint"><point></a></h3>
<p>A point is an {x,y} coordinate.</p>
<p class="grammar">[ [ <length> <length> ] | [
<percentage> | <percentage> ] ]</p>
<h3><a id="typecolorstop"><color-stop></a></h3>
<p>Stops are per <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-images/#color-stop-syntax"
class="typelink">W3C