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输出二叉树

难度:中等

https://leetcode.cn/problems/print-binary-tree/

题目

给你一棵二叉树的根节点 root ,请你构造一个下标从 0 开始、大小为 m x n 的字符串矩阵 res ,用以表示树的 格式化布局 。构造此格式化布局矩阵需要遵循以下规则:

  • 树的 高度height ,矩阵的行数 m 应该等于 height + 1
  • 矩阵的列数 n 应该等于 2^(height+1) - 1
  • 根节点 需要放置在 顶行 的 正中间 ,对应位置为 res[0][(n-1)/2]
  • 对于放置在矩阵中的每个节点,设对应位置为 res[r][c] ,将其左子节点放置在 res[r+1][c-2^(height-r-1)] ,右子节点放置在 res[r+1][c+2^(height-r-1)]
  • 继续这一过程,直到树中的所有节点都妥善放置。
  • 任意空单元格都应该包含空字符串 ""

返回构造得到的矩阵 res

示例

示例 1:

image

输入:root = [1,2]
输出:
[["","1",""],
 ["2","",""]]

示例 2:

image

输入:root = [1,2,3,null,4]
输出:
[["","","","1","","",""],
 ["","2","","","","3",""],
 ["","","4","","","",""]]

解题

import type { TreeNode } from '~/utils/treeNode'

/**
 * 深度遍历优先
 * @desc 时间复杂度 O(Height * 2^(height))  空间复杂度 O(height)
 * @param root
 * @returns
 */
export function printTree(root: TreeNode | null): string[][] {
  const calDepth = (root: TreeNode | null) => {
    let h = 0
    if (root?.left)
      h = Math.max(h, calDepth(root.left) + 1)

    if (root?.right)
      h = Math.max(h, calDepth(root.right) + 1)

    return h
  }

  const dfs = (res: string[][], root: TreeNode, r: number, c: number, height: number) => {
    res[r][c] = root.val.toString()
    if (root.left)
      dfs(res, root.left, r + 1, c - (1 << (height - r - 1)), height)

    if (root.right)
      dfs(res, root.right, r + 1, c + (1 << (height - r - 1)), height)
  }

  const height = calDepth(root)
  const m = height + 1
  const n = (1 << (height + 1)) - 1
  const res = new Array(m).fill(0).map(() => new Array(n).fill(''))
  dfs(res, root!, 0, Math.floor((n - 1) / 2), height)
  return res
}