messages.rs

/// Helper functions to send one-off protocol messages
/// and handle TcpStream (TCP socket).
use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, BytesMut};
use md5::{Digest, Md5};
use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
use tokio::net::TcpStream;

use crate::errors::Error;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::io::{BufRead, Cursor};
use std::mem;

/// Postgres data type mappings
/// used in RowDescription ('T') message.
pub enum DataType {
    Text,
    Int4,
    Numeric,
}

impl From<&DataType> for i32 {
    fn from(data_type: &DataType) -> i32 {
        match data_type {
            DataType::Text => 25,
            DataType::Int4 => 23,
            DataType::Numeric => 1700,
        }
    }
}

/// Tell the client that authentication handshake completed successfully.
pub async fn auth_ok<S>(stream: &mut S) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut auth_ok = BytesMut::with_capacity(9);

    auth_ok.put_u8(b'R');
    auth_ok.put_i32(8);
    auth_ok.put_i32(0);

    write_all(stream, auth_ok).await
}

/// Generate md5 password challenge.
pub async fn md5_challenge<S>(stream: &mut S) -> Result<[u8; 4], Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    // let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
    let salt: [u8; 4] = [
        rand::random(),
        rand::random(),
        rand::random(),
        rand::random(),
    ];

    let mut res = BytesMut::new();
    res.put_u8(b'R');
    res.put_i32(12);
    res.put_i32(5); // MD5
    res.put_slice(&salt[..]);

    write_all(stream, res).await?;
    Ok(salt)
}

/// Give the client the process_id and secret we generated
/// used in query cancellation.
pub async fn backend_key_data<S>(
    stream: &mut S,
    backend_id: i32,
    secret_key: i32,
) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut key_data = BytesMut::from(&b"K"[..]);
    key_data.put_i32(12);
    key_data.put_i32(backend_id);
    key_data.put_i32(secret_key);

    write_all(stream, key_data).await
}

/// Construct a `Q`: Query message.
pub fn simple_query(query: &str) -> BytesMut {
    let mut res = BytesMut::from(&b"Q"[..]);
    let query = format!("{}\0", query);

    res.put_i32(query.len() as i32 + 4);
    res.put_slice(query.as_bytes());

    res
}

/// Tell the client we're ready for another query.
pub async fn ready_for_query<S>(stream: &mut S) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(
        mem::size_of::<u8>() + mem::size_of::<i32>() + mem::size_of::<u8>(),
    );

    bytes.put_u8(b'Z');
    bytes.put_i32(5);
    bytes.put_u8(b'I'); // Idle

    write_all(stream, bytes).await
}

/// Send the startup packet the server. We're pretending we're a Pg client.
/// This tells the server which user we are and what database we want.
pub async fn startup(stream: &mut TcpStream, user: &str, database: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
    let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(25);

    bytes.put_i32(196608); // Protocol number

    // User
    bytes.put(&b"user\0"[..]);
    bytes.put_slice(user.as_bytes());
    bytes.put_u8(0);

    // Database
    bytes.put(&b"database\0"[..]);
    bytes.put_slice(database.as_bytes());
    bytes.put_u8(0);
    bytes.put_u8(0); // Null terminator

    let len = bytes.len() as i32 + 4i32;

    let mut startup = BytesMut::with_capacity(len as usize);

    startup.put_i32(len);
    startup.put(bytes);

    match stream.write_all(&startup).await {
        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
        Err(err) => {
            return Err(Error::SocketError(format!(
                "Error writing startup to server socket - Error: {:?}",
                err
            )))
        }
    }
}

/// Parse the params the server sends as a key/value format.
pub fn parse_params(mut bytes: BytesMut) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>, Error> {
    let mut result = HashMap::new();
    let mut buf = Vec::new();
    let mut tmp = String::new();

    while bytes.has_remaining() {
        let mut c = bytes.get_u8();

        // Null-terminated C-strings.
        while c != 0 {
            tmp.push(c as char);
            c = bytes.get_u8();
        }

        if !tmp.is_empty() {
            buf.push(tmp.clone());
            tmp.clear();
        }
    }

    // Expect pairs of name and value
    // and at least one pair to be present.
    if buf.len() % 2 != 0 || buf.len() < 2 {
        return Err(Error::ClientBadStartup);
    }

    let mut i = 0;
    while i < buf.len() {
        let name = buf[i].clone();
        let value = buf[i + 1].clone();
        let _ = result.insert(name, value);
        i += 2;
    }

    Ok(result)
}

/// Parse StartupMessage parameters.
/// e.g. user, database, application_name, etc.
pub fn parse_startup(bytes: BytesMut) -> Result<HashMap<String, String>, Error> {
    let result = parse_params(bytes)?;

    // Minimum required parameters
    // I want to have the user at the very minimum, according to the protocol spec.
    if !result.contains_key("user") {
        return Err(Error::ClientBadStartup);
    }

    Ok(result)
}

/// Create md5 password hash given a salt.
pub fn md5_hash_password(user: &str, password: &str, salt: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut md5 = Md5::new();

    // First pass
    md5.update(&password.as_bytes());
    md5.update(&user.as_bytes());

    let output = md5.finalize_reset();

    // Second pass
    md5.update(format!("{:x}", output));
    md5.update(salt);

    let mut password = format!("md5{:x}", md5.finalize())
        .chars()
        .map(|x| x as u8)
        .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
    password.push(0);

    password
}

/// Send password challenge response to the server.
/// This is the MD5 challenge.
pub async fn md5_password<S>(
    stream: &mut S,
    user: &str,
    password: &str,
    salt: &[u8],
) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let password = md5_hash_password(user, password, salt);

    let mut message = BytesMut::with_capacity(password.len() as usize + 5);

    message.put_u8(b'p');
    message.put_i32(password.len() as i32 + 4);
    message.put_slice(&password[..]);

    write_all(stream, message).await
}

/// Implements a response to our custom `SET SHARDING KEY`
/// and `SET SERVER ROLE` commands.
/// This tells the client we're ready for the next query.
pub async fn custom_protocol_response_ok<S>(stream: &mut S, message: &str) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut res = BytesMut::with_capacity(25);

    let set_complete = BytesMut::from(&format!("{}\0", message)[..]);
    let len = (set_complete.len() + 4) as i32;

    // CommandComplete
    res.put_u8(b'C');
    res.put_i32(len);
    res.put_slice(&set_complete[..]);

    write_all_half(stream, &res).await?;
    ready_for_query(stream).await
}

/// Send a custom error message to the client.
/// Tell the client we are ready for the next query and no rollback is necessary.
/// Docs on error codes: <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/errcodes-appendix.html>.
pub async fn error_response<S>(stream: &mut S, message: &str) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    error_response_terminal(stream, message).await?;
    ready_for_query(stream).await
}

/// Send a custom error message to the client.
/// Tell the client we are ready for the next query and no rollback is necessary.
/// Docs on error codes: <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/errcodes-appendix.html>.
pub async fn error_response_terminal<S>(stream: &mut S, message: &str) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut error = BytesMut::new();

    // Error level
    error.put_u8(b'S');
    error.put_slice(&b"FATAL\0"[..]);

    // Error level (non-translatable)
    error.put_u8(b'V');
    error.put_slice(&b"FATAL\0"[..]);

    // Error code: not sure how much this matters.
    error.put_u8(b'C');
    error.put_slice(&b"58000\0"[..]); // system_error, see Appendix A.

    // The short error message.
    error.put_u8(b'M');
    error.put_slice(format!("{}\0", message).as_bytes());

    // No more fields follow.
    error.put_u8(0);

    // Compose the two message reply.
    let mut res = BytesMut::with_capacity(error.len() + 5);

    res.put_u8(b'E');
    res.put_i32(error.len() as i32 + 4);
    res.put(error);

    write_all_half(stream, &res).await
}

pub async fn wrong_password<S>(stream: &mut S, user: &str) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let mut error = BytesMut::new();

    // Error level
    error.put_u8(b'S');
    error.put_slice(&b"FATAL\0"[..]);

    // Error level (non-translatable)
    error.put_u8(b'V');
    error.put_slice(&b"FATAL\0"[..]);

    // Error code: not sure how much this matters.
    error.put_u8(b'C');
    error.put_slice(&b"28P01\0"[..]); // system_error, see Appendix A.

    // The short error message.
    error.put_u8(b'M');
    error.put_slice(format!("password authentication failed for user \"{}\"\0", user).as_bytes());

    // No more fields follow.
    error.put_u8(0);

    // Compose the two message reply.
    let mut res = BytesMut::new();

    res.put_u8(b'E');
    res.put_i32(error.len() as i32 + 4);

    res.put(error);

    write_all(stream, res).await
}

/// Respond to a SHOW SHARD command.
pub async fn show_response<S>(stream: &mut S, name: &str, value: &str) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    // A SELECT response consists of:
    // 1. RowDescription
    // 2. One or more DataRow
    // 3. CommandComplete
    // 4. ReadyForQuery

    // The final messages sent to the client
    let mut res = BytesMut::new();

    // RowDescription
    res.put(row_description(&vec![(name, DataType::Text)]));

    // DataRow
    res.put(data_row(&vec![value.to_string()]));

    // CommandComplete
    res.put(command_complete("SELECT 1"));

    write_all_half(stream, &res).await?;
    ready_for_query(stream).await
}

pub fn row_description(columns: &Vec<(&str, DataType)>) -> BytesMut {
    let mut res = BytesMut::new();
    let mut row_desc = BytesMut::new();

    // how many columns we are storing
    row_desc.put_i16(columns.len() as i16);

    for (name, data_type) in columns {
        // Column name
        row_desc.put_slice(format!("{}\0", name).as_bytes());

        // Doesn't belong to any table
        row_desc.put_i32(0);

        // Doesn't belong to any table
        row_desc.put_i16(0);

        // Text
        row_desc.put_i32(data_type.into());

        // Text size = variable (-1)
        let type_size = match data_type {
            DataType::Text => -1,
            DataType::Int4 => 4,
            DataType::Numeric => -1,
        };

        row_desc.put_i16(type_size);

        // Type modifier: none that I know
        row_desc.put_i32(-1);

        // Format being used: text (0), binary (1)
        row_desc.put_i16(0);
    }

    res.put_u8(b'T');
    res.put_i32(row_desc.len() as i32 + 4);
    res.put(row_desc);

    res
}

/// Create a DataRow message.
pub fn data_row(row: &Vec<String>) -> BytesMut {
    let mut res = BytesMut::new();
    let mut data_row = BytesMut::new();

    data_row.put_i16(row.len() as i16);

    for column in row {
        let column = column.as_bytes();
        data_row.put_i32(column.len() as i32);
        data_row.put_slice(column);
    }

    res.put_u8(b'D');
    res.put_i32(data_row.len() as i32 + 4);
    res.put(data_row);

    res
}

/// Create a CommandComplete message.
pub fn command_complete(command: &str) -> BytesMut {
    let cmd = BytesMut::from(format!("{}\0", command).as_bytes());
    let mut res = BytesMut::new();
    res.put_u8(b'C');
    res.put_i32(cmd.len() as i32 + 4);
    res.put(cmd);
    res
}

/// Write all data in the buffer to the TcpStream.
pub async fn write_all<S>(stream: &mut S, buf: BytesMut) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    match stream.write_all(&buf).await {
        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
        Err(err) => {
            return Err(Error::SocketError(format!(
                "Error writing to socket - Error: {:?}",
                err
            )))
        }
    }
}

/// Write all the data in the buffer to the TcpStream, write owned half (see mpsc).
pub async fn write_all_half<S>(stream: &mut S, buf: &BytesMut) -> Result<(), Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    match stream.write_all(buf).await {
        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
        Err(err) => {
            return Err(Error::SocketError(format!(
                "Error writing to socket - Error: {:?}",
                err
            )))
        }
    }
}

/// Read a complete message from the socket.
pub async fn read_message<S>(stream: &mut S) -> Result<BytesMut, Error>
where
    S: tokio::io::AsyncRead + std::marker::Unpin,
{
    let code = match stream.read_u8().await {
        Ok(code) => code,
        Err(err) => {
            return Err(Error::SocketError(format!(
                "Error reading message code from socket - Error {:?}",
                err
            )))
        }
    };

    let len = match stream.read_i32().await {
        Ok(len) => len,
        Err(err) => {
            return Err(Error::SocketError(format!(
                "Error reading message len from socket - Code: {:?}, Error: {:?}",
                code, err
            )))
        }
    };

    let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(len as usize + 1);

    bytes.put_u8(code);
    bytes.put_i32(len);

    bytes.resize(bytes.len() + len as usize - mem::size_of::<i32>(), b'0');

    match stream
        .read_exact(
            &mut bytes[mem::size_of::<u8>() + mem::size_of::<i32>()
                ..mem::size_of::<u8>() + mem::size_of::<i32>() + len as usize
                    - mem::size_of::<i32>()],
        )
        .await
    {
        Ok(_) => (),
        Err(err) => {
            return Err(Error::SocketError(format!(
                "Error reading message from socket - Code: {:?}, Error: {:?}",
                code, err
            )))
        }
    };

    Ok(bytes)
}

pub fn server_parameter_message(key: &str, value: &str) -> BytesMut {
    let mut server_info = BytesMut::new();

    let null_byte_size = 1;
    let len: usize =
        mem::size_of::<i32>() + key.len() + null_byte_size + value.len() + null_byte_size;

    server_info.put_slice("S".as_bytes());
    server_info.put_i32(len.try_into().unwrap());
    server_info.put_slice(key.as_bytes());
    server_info.put_bytes(0, 1);
    server_info.put_slice(value.as_bytes());
    server_info.put_bytes(0, 1);

    server_info
}

pub trait BytesMutReader {
    fn read_string(&mut self) -> Result<String, Error>;
}

impl BytesMutReader for Cursor<&BytesMut> {
    /// Should only be used when reading strings from the message protocol.
    /// Can be used to read multiple strings from the same message which are separated by the null byte
    fn read_string(&mut self) -> Result<String, Error> {
        let mut buf = vec![];
        match self.read_until(b'\0', &mut buf) {
            Ok(_) => Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..buf.len() - 1]).to_string()),
            Err(err) => return Err(Error::ParseBytesError(err.to_string())),
        }
    }
}