first commit

Author: prasad01dalavi

1.hello.py

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+print 'Hello Python!'       # prints the message on the shell (output)
+print ("Hello Python!")

10.ComparisonLogicalOperators.py

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+a, b = 2, 5		# Cool variable assignment style
+
+if a == 2 and b == 5:
+    print 'and logical operator'
+
+if a > 1 or b < 5:
+    print 'or logical operator'
+
+if a <> b:
+    print 'Woah! This is similar to !='
+
+if not(a == 3):
+    print 'not makes false condition true and vice versa'

11.isAndin.py

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+string = "abcde"
+if 'a' in string:           # a is in string or not. if it is present then true
+    print 'yes! a in string'
+
+if 'ab' in string:
+    print 'yes! ab in string'
+
+myList1 = [1, 2, 3]
+myList2 = [1, 2, 3]
+if myList1 is myList2:      # it is not similar to == so this if will not execute
+    print 'Yes! my two list are having same contents'
+
+anotherlist1 = anotherlist2 = [1, 2, 3]
+if anotherlist1 is anotherlist2:  # but it is similar to ==
+    print 'This works actually!'

12.forLoop.py

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+for any_var in range(0, 10):
+    print 'any_var in for loop:', any_var  # o/p = 0123456789
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+for any_var in range(0, 10, 1):
+    print 'any_var in for loop with step 1:', any_var  # o/p = 0123456789
+ # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+for any_var in range(0, 10, 2):
+    print 'any_var in for loop with step 2:', any_var		# o/p = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
+ # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+for any_var in range(0, 10, -1):		# This for loop doesnot execute
+    print 'any_var in for loop (0 to 10) with step -1:', any_var  # No output
+ # ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+for any_var in range(10, 0, - 1):		# 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+    print 'any_var in for loop (10 to 0) with step -1:', any_var  # print 1 less than the last limit
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+for _ in range(0, 10):      # If I do not care about the variable
+    print 'any task which we want to repeat for 10 times'     # This message will get printed 10 times
+# ---------------------------------------------------------

13.whileLoop.py

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+my_var = 0
+
+while my_var < 10:      # Infinite while loop can be given by while True
+    print 'my_var value in while loop:', my_var
+    my_var += 1

14.DefiningFunctions.py

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+def my_function():		# This is function definition and must be before calling the function
+    print 'my_function has been called!'
+
+
+def add(a, b):		# defining another function
+    c = a + b
+    return c
+
+
+def mix_function(int_var, string_var, float_var=3.14):  # float_var is a default argument
+    print 'In mix_function!'
+    print 'int_var =', int_var		  # 15
+    print 'string_var =', string_var  # prasad
+    print 'float_var =', float_var	  # 3.14 if 3rd float type argument is not passsed
+
+
+my_function()				# function call
+result = add(5, 10)			# Calling the function and catching the returned value as wel
+print 'Result of addition:', result
+
+mix_function(15, 'prasad')
+mix_function(15, 'prasad', 1.414)

15.variableLengthArguments.py

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+def my_function(formalArgument, *anyVariableType):  # *variable holds any variable arguments
+    print 'Formal Argument Output is:', formalArgument
+    print 'Now variable-length arguments:'
+    for var in anyVariableType:  # This tuple remains empty if no additional arguments are passed
+        print var
+    print 'Any Variable Type output:', anyVariableType
+
+
+my_function('hi')  # This was taken by formalArgument
+print '--------First Function call has been completed!--------'
+
+my_function(10.5, 'hello', 30, 3.14, 'prasad')  # 10.5 will be catched by formalAguments,
+#'hello', 30, 3.14, 'prasad' will be caught by tuple-variable length arguments

16.anonymousFunctionLambda.py

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+# Lambda forms can take any number of arguments but return just one
+# Can not be directly called to print because lambda requires an expression
+# Just Like inline function in C++
+
+
+def sum(arg1, arg2): return arg1 + arg2  # Function definition is different
+
+
+# all arguments should be used in the definition
+# similar to: def sum(arg1, arg2): return arg1 + arg2
+print 'Total 1 =', sum(5, 2)
+print 'Total 2 =', sum(10, 23)

17.GlobalVsLocal.py

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+my_list = [1, 2, 3]
+my_var = 5
+global var2
+var2 = 8
+
+non_global_var = 7
+
+
+def add_to_list(fun_list):
+    fun_list.append(4)      # Making changes to the list by appending
+    print 'In add_list function, fun_list =:', fun_list   # [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    print 'In add_list function, my_list =:', my_list	  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+
+def change_var(var):
+    print 'In change_var function, var =', var	 			# 5
+    my_var = 10
+    print 'In change_var function, my_var =', my_var		# 10
+
+
+def change_var_globally(var):
+    print 'In change_var_globally function, var =', var  			# 5
+    global my_var  # global variable declaration in function works only
+    my_var = 10
+    print 'In change_var_globally function, my_var =', my_var		# 10
+
+
+def check_global_var():
+    # I am not declaring any variable, still it is detecting the my_var because it was made set global
+    print 'Checking global variable in another function:', my_var   # 15 it works fine anywhere
+    print 'Global variable declared outside of functions:', var2    # 8
+    # var2 = 9   I am not able to 'change' the global var declared outside of function becuase it will be local for this definition
+
+    print 'non_global variable declared outside of the function:', non_global_var
+
+
+print 'Before add_to_list call, my_list =', my_list  		  # [1, 2, 3]
+add_to_list(my_list)
+print 'After calling add_to_list, my_list =', my_list		  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+print 'Before change_var call, my_var =', my_var              # 5
+change_var(my_var)
+print 'After calling change_var, my_var =', my_var		      # 5
+# I get the same value though i change the variable value in function because it is not declared as global
+
+# now try to change the variable value by making it global in function definition
+change_var_globally(my_var)
+print 'After calling change_var_globally, my_var =', my_var   # 10
+# I get changed value for the variable after declaring that variable as global in defination
+
+my_var = 15     # changing the global variable value declared in defination
+check_global_var()
+
+'''
+Conclusion:
+1. global variable declared in function will have read as well as write access all over the program
+2. global variable declared outside the function definition will have read access all over the Programs but not able to write in any function
+3. global variable declared outside the function will be similar to normal variable
+4. normal variable can be used in the function (in fact it will work like global until any write operation. When you assign something to it, it becomes local)
+'''

18.Class.py

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+class Person:
+    my_member_variable = 5
+
+    def setName(self, firstName, lastName):
+        self.firstName = firstName  # need to creat self object within the class
+        self.lastName = lastName  # and it is going to perform the operation
+
+    def showName(self):  # self argument is always present in any member funtion arguments
+        print 'In class, showName method:', self.firstName, self.lastName
+
+
+name = Person()  # creating object of Person class
+name.setName("Prasad", "Dalavi")  # accessing the class method using object name
+name.showName()
+print 'class my_member_variable =', name.my_member_variable   # 5

19.ConstructorDestructor.py

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+class Person:
+    def __init__(self):
+        print("Object is created. So constructor is called automatically.")
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        print("Object is destroyed.")
+
+    def setName(self, firstName, lastName):
+        self.firstName = firstName  # need to create self object within the class
+        self.lastName = lastName    # and it will be used all over the class like global variable
+
+    def showName(self):  # self argument is always present in any member funtion arguments
+        print 'In class, showName method:', self.firstName, self.lastName
+
+
+name = Person()  # creating object of Person class. freaky method...he he. its not like java
+# to pass the arguments to the constructor we have to write name = Person(arguments)
+# how strange but the destructor can also take the arguments!!!
+name.setName("Prasad", "Dalavi")
+name.showName()

2.StringOperations.py

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+print("String Concepts !")
+
+# Declare strings
+a = 'I am a single quoted string'
+b = "I am a double quoted string"
+c = """I am a tripple quoted string"""
+print(a)        # I am a single quoted string
+print(b)        # I am a double quoted string
+print(c)        # I am a tripple quoted string
+# This gives me the same result
+
+# If I want to use quotes in a single inverted comman in a single quoted line then I should use escape character \
+d = 'I am a single quoted string. Aren\'t I ?'
+print(d)    # I am a single quoted string. Aren't I ?
+
+h = "Hello"
+p = " Python"
+print(h + p)  # Hello Python
+print("Lenth of string:"), len(h)  # gives the length of string which will be 5 in this case
+
+x = "Hello "
+y = 07  # which is a number
+print(x + str(y))  # Hello 7   ...typecasting and concatenation of string
+
+my_string = 'comma, seperation'
+value1, value2 = my_string.split(',')                       # seperated the string by ','
+comma_seperated_string = value1 + value2
+print 'Comma Seperated String:', comma_seperated_string     # comma seperation

20.Inheritance.py

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+class Parent1:
+    value1 = "this is value 1"
+    value2 = "this is value 2"
+
+
+class Parent2:
+    value3 = "this is value 3"
+    value4 = "this is value 4"
+
+
+class Child (Parent1, Parent2):  # extending derived class from base classes
+    pass
+
+
+parent1_object = Parent1()     # creating an object of parent class
+print(parent1_object.value1)
+print parent1_object.value2
+
+child_object = Child()  # creating an object of child class
+print("Now Printing the value using child or base class")
+print(child_object.value3)
+print(child_object.value4)

21.overriding.py

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+class Parent:
+    def my_method_1(self):
+        print 'This is parent class method 1'
+
+    def my_method_2(self):
+        print 'This is parent class method 2'
+
+
+class Child(Parent):        # Child class inheriting the properties from parent class
+    def my_method_2(self):
+        print 'This is child class method 2'
+
+
+child_object = Child()
+child_object.my_method_1()  # Child class using Parent class properties (methods)
+child_object.my_method_2()  # Parent class method has been overrided by Child class

22.overloading.py

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+class Human:
+    def sayHello(self, name=None):
+
+        if name is not None:
+            print 'Hello ' + name
+        else:
+            print 'Hello '
+
+
+obj = Human()           # Create instance
+obj.sayHello()          # Call the method
+obj.sayHello('Guido')   # Method overloading i.e. same method is called but with different parameter

23.Encapsulation_PrivatePublicConcepts.py

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+class myClass:
+    __myPrivateVariable = 0  # two underscore indicates that it's a private member variable
+    myPublicVariable = 0     # this is my normal member variable
+
+    def __init__(self):                # Constructor of a class will be called when the object of a class is created
+        self.__myPrivateVariable = 10  # Changing the private member value in Constructor
+        self.myPublicVariable = 100
+
+    def showVariable(self):
+        print 'Private Variable Value =', self.__myPrivateVariable
+        print 'Public Variable Value =', self.myPublicVariable
+
+    def setPrivateVariable(self, value):
+        self.__myPrivateVariable = value
+
+
+classObject = myClass()              # Creating an object of a class
+# Now, Trying to access and change the private member variable which is not possible
+classObject.__myPrivateVariable = 20
+classObject.myPublicVariable = 200  # Trying to access and change the public member which is possible
+classObject.showVariable()          # I will be able to change the public member variable only
+
+# I can change the private variable value by using class member function
+classObject.setPrivateVariable(30)  # Setting private member value to 30
+classObject.showVariable()
+print 'Accessing private variable directly:', classObject._myClass__myPrivateVariable
+# Private members can not be accessed outside the class but can be accessed using methods of the class
+# or using object._className__attrName

24.MultilinePrint.py

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+print '''
+This is a multiline Print where i can do anything.....
+
+
+              ----------------------------
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |           BOX            |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              |                          |
+              ----------------------------
+
+
+Woah! It's really cool....
+'''

25.DateTime.py

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+import time
+import calendar
+
+print 'Number of ticks since 12:00 am, January 1,1970(epoch) =', time.time()
+
+print '''
+#------------------Time Tuple---------------------------#
+    Field           Values
+    Hour            0 to 23
+    Minute          0 to 59
+    Second          0 to 61 (60 or 61 are leap-seconds)
+    Day of Week     0 to 6 (0 is Monday)
+    Day of Year     1 to 366 (Julien Day)
+#-------------------------------------------------------#
+'''
+print 'Local Current Time =', time.localtime(time.time())  # time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=18, tm_sec=26, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=360, tm_isdst=0)
+# tm_yday = 1 to 366 (Julien Day)
+
+print '''
+#--------------struct_time Structure--------------------#
+tm_year	    2008
+tm_mon	    1 to 12
+tm_mday	    1 to 31
+tm_hour	    0 to 23
+tm_min	    0 to 59
+tm_sec	    0 to 61 (60 or 61 are leap-seconds)
+tm_wday	    0 to 6 (0 is Monday)
+tm_yday	    1 to 366 (Julian day)
+tm_isdst    -1, 0, 1, -1 means library determines DST
+#--------------------------------------------------------#
+'''
+print 'Getting Formatted Time =', time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))  # Tue Dec 26 16:18:26 2017
+
+
+print calendar.month(2018, 1)