Use path rendering for drawing math text

matplotlib_pyodide/html5_canvas_backend.py

@@ -292,25 +292,113 @@ def _math_to_rgba(self, s, prop, rgb):
         rgba = plt.imread(buf)
         return rgba, depth
 
-    def _draw_math_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
-        # Get color from graphics context
-        rgb = gc.get_rgb()
+    def _draw_math_text_path(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
+        """Draw mathematical text using paths directly on the canvas.
 
-        # Get RGBA array using the new method
-        rgba, depth = self._math_to_rgba(s, prop, rgb)
+        This method renders math text by drawing the actual glyph paths
+        onto the canvas, rather than creating a temporary image.
 
-        angle = math.radians(angle)
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        gc : GraphicsContextHTMLCanvas
+            The graphics context to use for drawing
+        x, y : float
+            The position of the text baseline in pixels
+        s : str
+            The text string to render
+        prop : FontProperties
+            The font properties to use for rendering
+        angle : float
+            The rotation angle in degrees
+        """
+        # Parse the math text to get paths and metrics
+        width, height, depth, glyphs, rects = self.mathtext_parser.parse(
+            s, dpi=self.dpi, prop=prop
+        )
+
+        # Save the canvas state
+        self.ctx.save()
+
+        # Move to text position and apply rotation if needed
+        self.ctx.translate(x, self.height - y)
         if angle != 0:
+            self.ctx.rotate(-math.radians(angle))
+
+        # Set up text rendering style
+        self.ctx.fillStyle = self._matplotlib_color_to_CSS(
+            gc.get_rgb(), gc.get_alpha(), gc.get_forced_alpha()
+        )
+
+        # Draw each glyph in the mathematical expression
+        for font, fontsize, _, ox, oy in glyphs:
+            # Move to glyph position
             self.ctx.save()
-            self.ctx.translate(x, y)
-            self.ctx.rotate(-angle)
-            self.ctx.translate(-x, -y)
+            self.ctx.translate(ox, -oy)
 
-        self.draw_image(gc, x, -y - depth, np.flipud(rgba))
+            # Get the glyph's path data
+            font.set_size(fontsize, self.dpi)
+            verts, codes = font.get_path()
+
+            verts = verts * fontsize / font.units_per_EM
+
+            # Convert the glyph to a Path object
+            path = Path(verts, codes)
+
+            # Draw the path
+            transform = Affine2D().scale(1.0, -1.0)
+            self._path_helper(self.ctx, path, transform)
+            self.ctx.fill()
 
-        if angle != 0:
             self.ctx.restore()
 
+        # Draw rectangles (fraction bars, roots, etc.)
+        for x1, y1, x2, y2 in rects:
+            self.ctx.fillRect(x1, -y2, x2 - x1, y2 - y1)
+
+        # Restore the canvas state
+        self.ctx.restore()
+
+    def _draw_math_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
+        """Draw mathematical text using the most appropriate method.
+
+        This method tries direct path rendering first, and falls back to
+        the image-based approach if needed.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        gc : GraphicsContextHTMLCanvas
+            The graphics context to use for drawing
+        x, y : float
+            The position of the text baseline in pixels
+        s : str
+            The text string to render
+        prop : FontProperties
+            The font properties to use for rendering
+        angle : float
+            The rotation angle in degrees
+        """
+        try:
+            # Try rendering directly with paths first
+            self._draw_math_text_path(gc, x, y, s, prop, angle)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # If path rendering fails, fall back to image-based approach
+            print(f"Path rendering failed, falling back to image: {str(e)}")
+
+            # Get RGBA array using the existing image-based method
+            rgba, depth = self._math_to_rgba(s, prop, gc.get_rgb())
+
+            angle = math.radians(angle)
+            if angle != 0:
+                self.ctx.save()
+                self.ctx.translate(x, y)
+                self.ctx.rotate(-angle)
+                self.ctx.translate(-x, -y)
+
+            self.draw_image(gc, x, -y - depth, np.flipud(rgba))
+
+            if angle != 0:
+                self.ctx.restore()
+
     def _set_style(self, gc, rgbFace=None):
         if rgbFace is not None:
             self.ctx.fillStyle = self._matplotlib_color_to_CSS(
@@ -404,6 +492,7 @@ def _get_font(self, prop):
     def get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath):
         w: float
         h: float
+        d: float
         if ismath:
             # Use the path parser to get exact metrics
             width, height, depth, _, _ = self.mathtext_parser.parse(