diff --git a/Lib/test/test_resource.py b/Lib/test/test_resource.py
index 6ea27c463f3148..fd209374b0b84c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_resource.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_resource.py
@@ -229,6 +229,18 @@ def __getitem__(self, key):
         self.assertEqual(resource.prlimit(0, resource.RLIMIT_AS, BadSeq()),
                          limits)
 
+    # Issue 142317: Setting RLIMIT_STACK not working on Darwin
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "vxworks",
+                     "setting RLIMIT_STACK is not supported on VxWorks")
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(resource, 'RLIMIT_FSIZE'), 'requires resource.RLIMIT_FSIZE')
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "darwin" and support.check_sanitizer(ub=True),
+        "UBSan on MacOS explicitly compiles with a large stack size which breaks this test"
+    )
+    def test_rlimit_stack(self):
+        resource.setrlimit(
+            resource.RLIMIT_STACK, resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_STACK)
+        )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/macOS/2026-05-20-18-23-16.gh-issue-142317.BDTpn9.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/macOS/2026-05-20-18-23-16.gh-issue-142317.BDTpn9.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a755de6b6ad7d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/macOS/2026-05-20-18-23-16.gh-issue-142317.BDTpn9.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Avoid failures to set RLIMIT_STACK with the resource module by no longer
+setting a default stack size for the cpython executable in the standard
+build configuration.
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 63b41117957cab..cce73d385d39af 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -14251,18 +14251,25 @@ then
 	Darwin/*|iOS/*)
 		LINKFORSHARED="$extra_undefs -framework CoreFoundation"
 
-		# Issue #18075: the default maximum stack size (8MBytes) is too
-		# small for the default recursion limit. Increase the stack size
-		# to ensure that tests don't crash
-		stack_size="1000000"  # 16 MB
+		# Use the default stack size (0) unless otherwise requested to
+		# ensure that modifying RLIMIT_STACK works.
+		stack_size="0"
 		if test "$with_ubsan" = "yes"
 		then
 			# Undefined behavior sanitizer requires an even deeper stack
 			stack_size="4000000"  # 64 MB
 		fi
 
+		thread_stack_size="$stack_size"
+		# 0 does not map to a default thread stack size value, so we
+		# explicitly set the platform default (8MB) here if necessary.
+		if test "$stack_size" = "0"
+		then
+			thread_stack_size="800000"
+		fi
+
 
-printf "%s\n" "#define THREAD_STACK_SIZE 0x$stack_size" >>confdefs.h
+printf "%s\n" "#define THREAD_STACK_SIZE 0x$thread_stack_size" >>confdefs.h
 
 
 		if test $ac_sys_system = "Darwin"; then
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 6df5d1bee31c67..927a9109557846 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -3719,18 +3719,25 @@ then
 	Darwin/*|iOS/*)
 		LINKFORSHARED="$extra_undefs -framework CoreFoundation"
 
-		# Issue #18075: the default maximum stack size (8MBytes) is too
-		# small for the default recursion limit. Increase the stack size
-		# to ensure that tests don't crash
-		stack_size="1000000"  # 16 MB
+		# Use the default stack size (0) unless otherwise requested to
+		# ensure that modifying RLIMIT_STACK works.
+		stack_size="0"
 		if test "$with_ubsan" = "yes"
 		then
 			# Undefined behavior sanitizer requires an even deeper stack
 			stack_size="4000000"  # 64 MB
 		fi
 
+		thread_stack_size="$stack_size"
+		# 0 does not map to a default thread stack size value, so we
+		# explicitly set the platform default (8MB) here if necessary.
+		if test "$stack_size" = "0"
+		then
+			thread_stack_size="800000"
+		fi
+
 		AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([THREAD_STACK_SIZE],
-				[0x$stack_size],
+				[0x$thread_stack_size],
 				[Custom thread stack size depending on chosen sanitizer runtimes.])
 
 		if test $ac_sys_system = "Darwin"; then