use_root_id hook (#230)

- fix #203
- Some miscellaneous refactoring on the websocket `consumer` and `UserDataModel`, just because I happened to notice some cleanup potential while making this PR.

Author: Archmonger

Diff for: CHANGELOG.md

@@ -37,12 +37,17 @@ Using the following categories, list your changes in this order:
 ### Added
 
 -   Built-in cross-process communication mechanism via the `reactpy_django.hooks.use_channel_layer` hook.
+-   Access to the root component's `id` via the `reactpy_django.hooks.use_root_id` hook.
 -   More robust control over ReactPy clean up tasks!
     -   `settings.py:REACTPY_CLEAN_INTERVAL` to control how often ReactPy automatically performs cleaning tasks.
     -   `settings.py:REACTPY_CLEAN_SESSIONS` to control whether ReactPy automatically cleans up expired sessions.
     -   `settings.py:REACTPY_CLEAN_USER_DATA` to control whether ReactPy automatically cleans up orphaned user data.
     -   `python manage.py clean_reactpy` command to manually perform ReactPy clean up tasks.
 
+### Changed
+
+-   Simplified code for cascading deletion of UserData.
+
 ## [3.7.0] - 2024-01-30
 
 ### Added

Diff for: docs/examples/python/use-root-id.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from reactpy import component, html
+from reactpy_django.hooks import use_root_id
+
+
+@component
+def my_component():
+    root_id = use_root_id()
+
+    return html.div(f"Root ID: {root_id}")

Diff for: docs/src/reference/hooks.md

@@ -492,6 +492,8 @@ Shortcut that returns the browser's current `#!python Location`.
     | --- | --- |
     | `#!python Location` | An object containing the current URL's `#!python pathname` and `#!python search` query. |
 
+---
+
 ### Use Origin
 
 Shortcut that returns the WebSocket or HTTP connection's `#!python origin`.
@@ -518,6 +520,34 @@ You can expect this hook to provide strings such as `http://example.com`.
 
 ---
 
+### Use Root ID
+
+Shortcut that returns the root component's `#!python id` from the WebSocket or HTTP connection.
+
+The root ID is currently a randomly generated `#!python uuid4` (unique across all root component).
+
+This is useful when used in combination with [`#!python use_channel_layer`](#use-channel-layer) to send messages to a specific component instance, and/or retain a backlog of messages in case that component is disconnected via `#!python use_channel_layer( ... , group_discard=False)`.
+
+=== "components.py"
+
+    ```python
+    {% include "../../examples/python/use-root-id.py" %}
+    ```
+
+??? example "See Interface"
+
+        <font size="4">**Parameters**</font>
+
+        `#!python None`
+
+        <font size="4">**Returns**</font>
+
+        | Type | Description |
+        | --- | --- |
+        | `#!python str` | A string containing the root component's `#!python id`. |
+
+---
+
 ### Use User
 
 Shortcut that returns the WebSocket or HTTP connection's `#!python User`.

Diff for: src/reactpy_django/hooks.py

@@ -436,6 +436,14 @@ async def message_sender(message: dict):
     return message_sender
 
 
+def use_root_id() -> str:
+    """Get the root element's ID. This value is guaranteed to be unique. Current versions of \
+        ReactPy-Django return a `uuid4` string."""
+    scope = use_scope()
+
+    return scope["reactpy"]["id"]
+
+
 def _use_query_args_1(options: QueryOptions, /, query: Query, *args, **kwargs):
     return options, query, args, kwargs
 

Diff for: src/reactpy_django/models.py

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-import contextlib
-
 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete
 from django.dispatch import receiver
 
 
 class ComponentSession(models.Model):
-    """A model for storing component sessions.
-    All queries must be routed through `reactpy_django.config.REACTPY_DATABASE`.
-    """
+    """A model for storing component sessions."""
 
     uuid = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, editable=False, unique=True)  # type: ignore
     params = models.BinaryField(editable=False)  # type: ignore
@@ -36,16 +32,15 @@ class UserDataModel(models.Model):
     """A model for storing `user_state` data."""
 
     # We can't store User as a ForeignKey/OneToOneField because it may not be in the same database
-    # and Django does not allow cross-database relations. Also, we can't know the type of the UserModel PK,
-    # so we store it as a string.
+    # and Django does not allow cross-database relations. Also, since we can't know the type of the UserModel PK,
+    # we store it as a string to normalize.
     user_pk = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)  # type: ignore
     data = models.BinaryField(null=True, blank=True)  # type: ignore
 
 
 @receiver(pre_delete, sender=get_user_model(), dispatch_uid="reactpy_delete_user_data")
 def delete_user_data(sender, instance, **kwargs):
-    """Delete `UserDataModel` when the `User` is deleted."""
+    """Delete ReactPy's `UserDataModel` when a Django `User` is deleted."""
     pk = getattr(instance, instance._meta.pk.name)
 
-    with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
-        UserDataModel.objects.get(user_pk=pk).delete()
+    UserDataModel.objects.filter(user_pk=pk).delete()

Diff for: src/reactpy_django/templatetags/reactpy.py

@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ def component(
         or (next(config.REACTPY_DEFAULT_HOSTS) if config.REACTPY_DEFAULT_HOSTS else "")
     ).strip("/")
     is_local = not host or host.startswith(perceived_host)
-    uuid = uuid4().hex
+    uuid = str(uuid4())
     class_ = kwargs.pop("class", "")
-    component_has_args = args or kwargs
+    has_args = bool(args or kwargs)
     user_component: ComponentConstructor | None = None
     _prerender_html = ""
     _offline_html = ""
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def component(
             return failure_context(dotted_path, e)
 
     # Store args & kwargs in the database (fetched by our websocket later)
-    if component_has_args:
+    if has_args:
         try:
             save_component_params(args, kwargs, uuid)
         except Exception as e:
@@ -135,7 +135,9 @@ def component(
             )
             _logger.error(msg)
             return failure_context(dotted_path, ComponentCarrierError(msg))
-        _prerender_html = prerender_component(user_component, args, kwargs, request)
+        _prerender_html = prerender_component(
+            user_component, args, kwargs, uuid, request
+        )
 
     # Fetch the offline component's HTML, if requested
     if offline:
@@ -151,17 +153,15 @@ def component(
             )
             _logger.error(msg)
             return failure_context(dotted_path, ComponentCarrierError(msg))
-        _offline_html = prerender_component(offline_component, [], {}, request)
+        _offline_html = prerender_component(offline_component, [], {}, uuid, request)
 
     # Return the template rendering context
     return {
         "reactpy_class": class_,
         "reactpy_uuid": uuid,
         "reactpy_host": host or perceived_host,
         "reactpy_url_prefix": config.REACTPY_URL_PREFIX,
-        "reactpy_component_path": f"{dotted_path}/{uuid}/"
-        if component_has_args
-        else f"{dotted_path}/",
+        "reactpy_component_path": f"{dotted_path}/{uuid}/{int(has_args)}/",
         "reactpy_resolved_web_modules_path": RESOLVED_WEB_MODULES_PATH,
         "reactpy_reconnect_interval": config.REACTPY_RECONNECT_INTERVAL,
         "reactpy_reconnect_max_interval": config.REACTPY_RECONNECT_MAX_INTERVAL,
@@ -199,14 +199,17 @@ def validate_host(host: str):
 
 
 def prerender_component(
-    user_component: ComponentConstructor, args, kwargs, request: HttpRequest
+    user_component: ComponentConstructor, args, kwargs, uuid, request: HttpRequest
 ):
     search = request.GET.urlencode()
+    scope = getattr(request, "scope", {})
+    scope["reactpy"] = {"id": str(uuid)}
+
     with SyncLayout(
         ConnectionContext(
             user_component(*args, **kwargs),
             value=Connection(
-                scope=getattr(request, "scope", {}),
+                scope=scope,
                 location=Location(
                     pathname=request.path, search=f"?{search}" if search else ""
                 ),

Diff for: src/reactpy_django/websocket/consumer.py

@@ -30,16 +30,16 @@
     from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
 
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-backhaul_loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+BACKHAUL_LOOP = asyncio.new_event_loop()
 
 
 def start_backhaul_loop():
     """Starts the asyncio event loop that will perform component rendering tasks."""
-    asyncio.set_event_loop(backhaul_loop)
-    backhaul_loop.run_forever()
+    asyncio.set_event_loop(BACKHAUL_LOOP)
+    BACKHAUL_LOOP.run_forever()
 
 
-backhaul_thread = Thread(
+BACKHAUL_THREAD = Thread(
     target=start_backhaul_loop, daemon=True, name="ReactPyBackhaul"
 )
 
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ async def connect(self) -> None:
         self.threaded = REACTPY_BACKHAUL_THREAD
         self.component_session: models.ComponentSession | None = None
         if self.threaded:
-            if not backhaul_thread.is_alive():
+            if not BACKHAUL_THREAD.is_alive():
                 await asyncio.to_thread(
                     _logger.debug, "Starting ReactPy backhaul thread."
                 )
-                backhaul_thread.start()
+                BACKHAUL_THREAD.start()
             self.dispatcher = asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-                self.run_dispatcher(), backhaul_loop
+                self.run_dispatcher(), BACKHAUL_LOOP
             )
         else:
             self.dispatcher = asyncio.create_task(self.run_dispatcher())
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ async def receive_json(self, content: Any, **_) -> None:
         """Receive a message from the browser. Typically, messages are event signals."""
         if self.threaded:
             asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(
-                self.recv_queue.put(content), backhaul_loop
+                self.recv_queue.put(content), BACKHAUL_LOOP
             )
         else:
             await self.recv_queue.put(content)
@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ async def run_dispatcher(self):
         scope = self.scope
         self.dotted_path = dotted_path = scope["url_route"]["kwargs"]["dotted_path"]
         uuid = scope["url_route"]["kwargs"].get("uuid")
+        has_args = scope["url_route"]["kwargs"].get("has_args")
+        scope["reactpy"] = {"id": str(uuid)}
         query_string = parse_qs(scope["query_string"].decode(), strict_parsing=True)
         http_pathname = query_string.get("http_pathname", [""])[0]
         http_search = query_string.get("http_search", [""])[0]
@@ -166,18 +168,17 @@ async def run_dispatcher(self):
 
         # Verify the component has already been registered
         try:
-            component_constructor = REACTPY_REGISTERED_COMPONENTS[dotted_path]
+            root_component_constructor = REACTPY_REGISTERED_COMPONENTS[dotted_path]
         except KeyError:
             await asyncio.to_thread(
                 _logger.warning,
                 f"Attempt to access invalid ReactPy component: {dotted_path!r}",
             )
             return
 
-        # Fetch the component's args/kwargs from the database, if needed
+        # Construct the component. This may require fetching the component's args/kwargs from the database.
         try:
-            if uuid:
-                # Get the component session from the DB
+            if has_args:
                 self.component_session = await models.ComponentSession.objects.aget(
                     uuid=uuid,
                     last_accessed__gt=now - timedelta(seconds=REACTPY_SESSION_MAX_AGE),
@@ -187,22 +188,22 @@ async def run_dispatcher(self):
                 component_session_kwargs = params.kwargs
 
             # Generate the initial component instance
-            component_instance = component_constructor(
+            root_component = root_component_constructor(
                 *component_session_args, **component_session_kwargs
             )
         except models.ComponentSession.DoesNotExist:
             await asyncio.to_thread(
                 _logger.warning,
                 f"Component session for '{dotted_path}:{uuid}' not found. The "
                 "session may have already expired beyond REACTPY_SESSION_MAX_AGE. "
-                "If you are using a custom host, you may have forgotten to provide "
+                "If you are using a custom `host`, you may have forgotten to provide "
                 "args/kwargs.",
             )
             return
         except Exception:
             await asyncio.to_thread(
                 _logger.error,
-                f"Failed to construct component {component_constructor} "
+                f"Failed to construct component {root_component_constructor} "
                 f"with args='{component_session_args}' kwargs='{component_session_kwargs}'!\n"
                 f"{traceback.format_exc()}",
             )
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ async def run_dispatcher(self):
         # Start the ReactPy component rendering loop
         with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
             await serve_layout(
-                Layout(ConnectionContext(component_instance, value=connection)),
+                Layout(ConnectionContext(root_component, value=connection)),
                 self.send_json,
                 self.recv_queue.get,
             )

Diff for: src/reactpy_django/websocket/paths.py

@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
-from channels.routing import URLRouter  # noqa: E402
 from django.urls import path
 
 from reactpy_django.config import REACTPY_URL_PREFIX
 
 from .consumer import ReactpyAsyncWebsocketConsumer
 
 REACTPY_WEBSOCKET_ROUTE = path(
-    f"{REACTPY_URL_PREFIX}/<dotted_path>/",
-    URLRouter(
-        [
-            path("<uuid>/", ReactpyAsyncWebsocketConsumer.as_asgi()),
-            path("", ReactpyAsyncWebsocketConsumer.as_asgi()),
-        ]
-    ),
+    f"{REACTPY_URL_PREFIX}/<str:dotted_path>/<uuid:uuid>/<int:has_args>/",
+    ReactpyAsyncWebsocketConsumer.as_asgi(),
 )
 """A URL path for :class:`ReactpyAsyncWebsocketConsumer`.
 

Diff for: tests/test_app/prerender/components.py

@@ -54,3 +54,20 @@ def use_user():
     return html.div(
         {"id": "use-user-ws", "data-success": success}, f"use_user: {user} (WebSocket)"
     )
+
+
+@component
+def use_root_id():
+    scope = reactpy_django.hooks.use_scope()
+    root_id = reactpy_django.hooks.use_root_id()
+
+    if scope.get("type") == "http":
+        return html.div(
+            {"id": "use-root-id-http", "data-value": root_id},
+            f"use_root_id: {root_id} (HTTP)",
+        )
+
+    return html.div(
+        {"id": "use-root-id-ws", "data-value": root_id},
+        f"use_root_id: {root_id} (WebSocket)",
+    )

Diff for: tests/test_app/templates/prerender.html

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ <h1>ReactPy Prerender Test Page</h1>
     <hr>
     {% component "test_app.prerender.components.use_user" prerender="true" %}
     <hr>
+    {% component "test_app.prerender.components.use_root_id" prerender="true" %}
+    <hr>
 </body>
 
 </html>

Diff for: tests/test_app/tests/test_components.py

@@ -399,12 +399,15 @@ def test_prerender(self):
             string = new_page.locator("#prerender_string")
             vdom = new_page.locator("#prerender_vdom")
             component = new_page.locator("#prerender_component")
+            use_root_id_http = new_page.locator("#use-root-id-http")
+            use_root_id_ws = new_page.locator("#use-root-id-ws")
             use_user_http = new_page.locator("#use-user-http[data-success=True]")
             use_user_ws = new_page.locator("#use-user-ws[data-success=true]")
 
             string.wait_for()
             vdom.wait_for()
             component.wait_for()
+            use_root_id_http.wait_for()
             use_user_http.wait_for()
 
             # Check if the prerender occurred
@@ -415,7 +418,10 @@ def test_prerender(self):
             self.assertEqual(
                 component.all_inner_texts(), ["prerender_component: Prerendered"]
             )
+            root_id_value = use_root_id_http.get_attribute("data-value")
+            self.assertEqual(len(root_id_value), 36)
 
+            # Check if the full render occurred
             sleep(1)
             self.assertEqual(
                 string.all_inner_texts(), ["prerender_string: Fully Rendered"]
@@ -424,7 +430,10 @@ def test_prerender(self):
             self.assertEqual(
                 component.all_inner_texts(), ["prerender_component: Fully Rendered"]
             )
+            use_root_id_ws.wait_for()
             use_user_ws.wait_for()
+            self.assertEqual(use_root_id_ws.get_attribute("data-value"), root_id_value)
+
         finally:
             new_page.close()