Please add alt text (alternative text) to all of your posted graphics
for #TidyTuesday.
Twitter provides guidelines for how to add alt text to your images.
The DataViz Society/Nightingale by way of Amy Cesal has an article on writing good alt text for plots/graphs.
Here's a simple formula for writing alt text for data visualization: ### Chart type It's helpful for people with partial sight to know what chart type it is and gives context for understanding the rest of the visual. Example: Line graph ### Type of data What data is included in the chart? The x and y axis labels may help you figure this out. Example: number of bananas sold per day in the last year ### Reason for including the chart Think about why you're including this visual. What does it show that's meaningful. There should be a point to every visual and you should tell people what to look for. Example: the winter months have more banana sales ### Link to data or source Don't include this in your alt text, but it should be included somewhere in the surrounding text. People should be able to click on a link to view the source data or dig further into the visual. This provides transparency about your source and lets people explore the data. Example: Data from the USDA
Penn State has an article on writing alt text descriptions for charts and tables.
Charts, graphs and maps use visuals to convey complex images to users. But since they are images, these media provide serious accessibility issues to colorblind users and users of screen readers. See the examples on this page for details on how to make charts more accessible.
The {rtweet} package includes the ability to post
tweets with
alt text programatically.
Need a reminder? There are extensions that force you to remember to add Alt Text to Tweets with media.
The data this week comes from Our World in Data's Energy Data Explorer. Complete dataset available via https://github.com/owid/energy-data.
The complete Energy dataset is a collection of key metrics maintained by Our World in Data. It is updated regularly and includes data on energy consumption (primary energy, per capita, and growth rates), energy mix, electricity mix and other relevant metrics.
This data has been collected, aggregated, and documented by Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado, Edouard Mathieu, Max Roser.
Our World in Data makes data and research on the world's largest problems understandable and accessible.
# Get the Data
# Read in with tidytuesdayR package
# Install from CRAN via: install.packages("tidytuesdayR")
# This loads the readme and all the datasets for the week of interest
# Either ISO-8601 date or year/week works!
tuesdata <- tidytuesdayR::tt_load('2023-06-06')
tuesdata <- tidytuesdayR::tt_load(2023, week = 23)
owid_energy <- tuesdata$`owid-energy`
# Or read in the data manually
owid_energy <- readr::read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2023/2023-06-06/owid-energy.csv')| variable | class | description |
|---|---|---|
| country | character | Geographic location |
| year | double | Year of observation |
| iso_code | character | ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 three-letter country codes |
| population | double | Population |
| gdp | double | Total real gross domestic product, inflation-adjusted |
| biofuel_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in biofuel consumption |
| biofuel_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in biofuel consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| biofuel_cons_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from biofuels, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| biofuel_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from biofuels, measured in terawatt-hours |
| biofuel_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from biofuels, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| biofuel_electricity | double | Electricity generation from biofuels, measured in terawatt-hours |
| biofuel_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from biofuels |
| biofuel_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from biofuels |
| carbon_intensity_elec | double | Carbon intensity of electricity production, measured in grams of carbon dioxide emitted per kilowatt-hour |
| coal_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in coal consumption |
| coal_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in coal consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| coal_cons_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from coal, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| coal_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from coal, measured in terawatt-hours |
| coal_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from coal, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| coal_electricity | double | Electricity generation from coal, measured in terawatt-hours |
| coal_prod_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in coal production |
| coal_prod_change_twh | double | Annual change in coal production, measured in terawatt-hours |
| coal_prod_per_capita | double | Per capita coal production, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| coal_production | double | Coal production, measured in terawatt-hours |
| coal_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from coal |
| coal_share_energy | double | hare of primary energy consumption that comes from coal |
| electricity_demand | double | Electricity demand, measured in terawatt-hours |
| electricity_generation | double | Electricity generation, measured in terawatt-hours |
| electricity_share_energy | double | Electricity generation as a share of primary energy |
| energy_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in primary energy consumption |
| energy_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in primary energy consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| energy_per_capita | double | Primary energy consumption per capita, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| energy_per_gdp | double | Energy consumption per unit of GDP. This is measured in kilowatt-hours per 2011 international-$ |
| fossil_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in fossil fuel consumption |
| fossil_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in fossil fuel consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| fossil_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from fossil fuels, measured in kilowatt-hours. This is the sum of electricity generated from coal, oil and gas. |
| fossil_electricity | double | Electricity generation from fossil fuels, measured in terawatt-hours. This is the sum of electricity generation from coal, oil and gas. |
| fossil_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita fossil fuel consumption, measured in kilowatt-hours. This is the sum of primary energy from coal, oil and gas. |
| fossil_fuel_consumption | double | Fossil fuel consumption, measured in terawatt-hours. This is the sum of primary energy from coal, oil and gas. |
| fossil_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas combined) |
| fossil_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from fossil fuels |
| gas_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in gas consumption |
| gas_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in gas consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| gas_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from gas, measured in terawatt-hours |
| gas_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from gas, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| gas_electricity | double | Electricity generation from gas, measured in terawatt-hours |
| gas_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from gas, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| gas_prod_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in gas production |
| gas_prod_change_twh | double | Annual change in gas production, measured in terawatt-hours |
| gas_prod_per_capita | double | Per capita gas production, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| gas_production | double | Gas production, measured in terawatt-hours |
| gas_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from gas |
| gas_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from gas |
| greenhouse_gas_emissions | double | Greenhouse-gas emissions produced in the generation of electricity, measured in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent |
| hydro_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in hydropower consumption |
| hydro_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in hydropower consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| hydro_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from hydropower, measured in terawatt-hours |
| hydro_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from hydropower, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| hydro_electricity | double | Electricity generation from hydropower, measured in terawatt-hours |
| hydro_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from hydropower, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| hydro_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from hydropower |
| hydro_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from hydropower |
| low_carbon_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in low-carbon energy consumption |
| low_carbon_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in low-carbon energy consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| low_carbon_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from low-carbon sources, measured in terawatt-hours |
| low_carbon_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from low-carbon sources, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| low_carbon_electricity | double | Electricity generation from low-carbon sources, measured in terawatt-hours. This is the sum of electricity generation from renewables and nuclear power |
| low_carbon_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from low-carbon sources, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| low_carbon_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from low-carbon sources. This is the sum of electricity from renewables and nuclear |
| low_carbon_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from low-carbon sources. This is the sum of primary energy from renewables and nuclear |
| net_elec_imports | double | Net electricity imports, measured in terawatt-hours |
| net_elec_imports_share_demand | double | Net electricity imports as a share of electricity demand |
| nuclear_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in nuclear consumption |
| nuclear_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in nuclear consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| nuclear_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from nuclear power, measured in terawatt-hours |
| nuclear_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from nuclear power, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| nuclear_electricity | double | Electricity generation from nuclear power, measured in terawatt-hours |
| nuclear_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from nuclear, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| nuclear_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from nuclear power |
| nuclear_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from nuclear power |
| oil_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in oil consumption |
| oil_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in oil consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| oil_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from oil, measured in terawatt-hours |
| oil_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from oil, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| oil_electricity | double | Electricity generation from oil, measured in terawatt-hours |
| oil_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from oil, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| oil_prod_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in oil production |
| oil_prod_change_twh | double | Annual change in oil production, measured in terawatt-hours |
| oil_prod_per_capita | double | Per capita oil production, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| oil_production | double | Oil production, measured in terawatt-hours |
| oil_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from oil |
| oil_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from oil |
| other_renewable_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from other renewables, measured in terawatt-hours |
| other_renewable_electricity | double | Electricity generation from other renewable sources including biofuels, measured in terawatt-hours |
| other_renewable_exc_biofuel_electricity | double | Electricity generation from other renewable sources excluding biofuels, measured in terawatt-hours |
| other_renewables_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in energy consumption from other renewables |
| other_renewables_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in other renewable consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| other_renewables_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from other renewables including biofuels, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| other_renewables_elec_per_capita_exc_biofuel | double | Per capita electricity generation from other renewables excluding biofuels, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| other_renewables_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from other renewables, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| other_renewables_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from other renewables including biofuels |
| other_renewables_share_elec_exc_biofuel | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from other renewables excluding biofuels |
| other_renewables_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from other renewables |
| per_capita_electricity | double | Electricity generation per capita, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| primary_energy_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| renewables_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in renewable energy consumption |
| renewables_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in renewable energy consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| renewables_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from renewables, measured in terawatt-hours |
| renewables_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from renewables, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| renewables_electricity | double | Electricity generation from renewables, measured in terawatt-hours |
| renewables_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from renewables, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| renewables_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from renewables |
| renewables_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from renewables |
| solar_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in solar consumption |
| solar_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in solar consumption, measured in terawatt-hours |
| solar_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from solar, measured in terawatt-hours |
| solar_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from solar, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| solar_electricity | double | Electricity generation from solar, measured in terawatt-hours |
| solar_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from solar, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| solar_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from solar |
| solar_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from solar |
| wind_cons_change_pct | double | Annual percentage change in wind consumption |
| wind_cons_change_twh | double | Annual change in wind consumption |
| wind_consumption | double | Primary energy consumption from wind, measured in terawatt-hours |
| wind_elec_per_capita | double | Per capita electricity generation from wind, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| wind_electricity | double | Electricity generation from wind, measured in terawatt-hours |
| wind_energy_per_capita | double | Per capita primary energy consumption from wind, measured in kilowatt-hours |
| wind_share_elec | double | Share of electricity generation that comes from wind |
| wind_share_energy | double | Share of primary energy consumption that comes from wind |
Data cleaning was done by Our World in Data