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fix: fix linter problems (#1633)
- nested list - list - trailing whitespaces - remove $ on online command (no return) as suggested by linter I also add the markdown extension keys (++ctrl+a++). It could be better for us to use pure markdown (to test in pdf to see how it's rendering)
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docs/books/admin_guide/00-toc.md

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title: Learning Linux With Rocky
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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD025 MD007 -->
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# Learning Linux with Rocky
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System Startup is also an important read because management of the system during the boot process has evolved significantly in recent years since the arrival of the systemd.
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Final chapters address Task Management, Implementing the Network, and Software Management including installation.
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docs/books/admin_guide/01-presentation.md

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title: Introduction to Linux
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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD025 MD007 -->
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# Introduction to the Linux Operating System
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**Objectives**: In this chapter you will learn how to:
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:heavy_check_mark: Describe the features and possible architectures of an operating system.
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:heavy_check_mark: Recount the history of UNIX and GNU/Linux.
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:heavy_check_mark: Choose the right Linux distribution for your needs.
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:heavy_check_mark: Explain the philosophy of Free and Open-source Software.
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:heavy_check_mark: Discover the usefulness of the shell.
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:heavy_check_mark: Describe the features and possible architectures of an operating system.
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:heavy_check_mark: Recount the history of UNIX and GNU/Linux.
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:heavy_check_mark: Choose the right Linux distribution for your needs.
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:heavy_check_mark: Explain the philosophy of Free and Open-source Software.
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:heavy_check_mark: Discover the usefulness of the shell.
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:checkered_flag: **generalities**, **linux**, **distributions**
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**Knowledge**: :star:
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**Knowledge**: :star:
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**Complexity**: :star:
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**Reading time**: 10 minutes
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As part of this management of resources, the operating system has to:
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* Manage the **physical** or **virtual** memory.
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* The **physical memory** is made up of the RAM bars and the processor cache memory, which are used for the execution of programs.
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* The **virtual memory** is a location on the hard disk (the **swap** partition) that allows the unloading of the physical memory and the saving of the current state of the system during the electrical shutdown of the computer.
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* Intercept **access to peripherals**.
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Software is rarely allowed to access hardware directly (except for graphics cards for very specific needs).
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* Provide applications with proper **task management**.
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The operating system is responsible for scheduling processes to occupy the processor.
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The operating system is responsible for scheduling processes to occupy the processor
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* **Protect files** from unauthorized access.
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* **Collect information** about programs in use or in progress.
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![Operation of an operating system](images/operating_system.png)
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### Architectural design
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* The **kernel** is the first software component.
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* It is the heart of the Linux system.
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* It manages the hardware resources of the system.
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* The other software components must go through it to access the hardware.
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* The **shell** is a utility that interprets user commands and ensures their execution.
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* Main shells: Bourne shell, C shell, Korn shell and Bourne-Again shell (bash).
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* **Applications** are user programs including but not limited to:
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* Internet browsers
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* Word processors
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* Spreadsheets
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* Value portability.
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* Do one thing and do it well.
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* KISS: Keep It Simple Stupid.
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* "UNIX is basically a simple operating system, but you have to be a genius to understand the simplicity." (__Dennis Ritchie__)
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* "Unix is user-friendly. It just isn't promiscuous about which users it's friendly with." (__Steven King__)
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* "UNIX is basically a simple operating system, but you have to be a genius to understand the simplicity." (**Dennis Ritchie**)
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* "Unix is user-friendly. It just isn't promiscuous about which users it's friendly with." (**Steven King**)
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## The GNU/Linux distributions
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There are many graphic environments such as **GNOME**, **KDE**, **LXDE**, **XFCE**, etc. There is something for everyone, and their **ergonomics** hold their own against Microsoft or Apple systems.
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So why is there so little enthusiasm for Linux, when this system is practically **virus free**? Could it be because so many editors (Adobe) and manufacturers (Nvidia) do not play the free game and do not provide a version of their software or __drivers__ for GNU/Linux? Perhaps it's fear of change, or the difficulty of finding where to buy a Linux computer, or too few games distributed under Linux. That last excuse at least shouldn't be true for long, with the advent of the game engine Steam for Linux.
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So why is there so little enthusiasm for Linux, when this system is practically **virus free**? Could it be because so many editors (Adobe) and manufacturers (Nvidia) do not play the free game and do not provide a version of their software or **drivers** for GNU/Linux? Perhaps it's fear of change, or the difficulty of finding where to buy a Linux computer, or too few games distributed under Linux. That last excuse at least shouldn't be true for long, with the advent of the game engine Steam for Linux.
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![GNOME Desktop](images/01-presentation-gnome.png)
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:heavy_check_mark: An operating system is a set of programs for managing the available resources of a computer:
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- [ ] True
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- [ ] False
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* [ ] True
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* [ ] False
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:heavy_check_mark: The operating system is necessary to:
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- [ ] Manage physical and virtual memory
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- [ ] Allow direct access to peripherals
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- [ ] Subcontract the management of tasks to the processor
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- [ ] Collect information about the programs used or in use
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* [ ] Manage physical and virtual memory
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* [ ] Allow direct access to peripherals
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* [ ] Subcontract the management of tasks to the processor
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* [ ] Collect information about the programs used or in use
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:heavy_check_mark: Among these personalities, which ones participated in the development of UNIX:
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- [ ] Linus Torvalds
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- [ ] Ken Thompson
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- [ ] Lionel Richie
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- [ ] Brian Kernighan
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- [ ] Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum
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* [ ] Linus Torvalds
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* [ ] Ken Thompson
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* [ ] Lionel Richie
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* [ ] Brian Kernighan
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* [ ] Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum
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:heavy_check_mark: The original nationality of Linus Torvalds, creator of the Linux kernel, is:
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- [ ] Swedish
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- [ ] Finnish
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- [ ] Norwegian
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- [ ] Flemish
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- [ ] French
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* [ ] Swedish
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* [ ] Finnish
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* [ ] Norwegian
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* [ ] Flemish
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* [ ] French
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:heavy_check_mark: Which of the following distributions is the oldest:
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- [ ] Debian
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- [ ] Slackware
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- [ ] Red Hat
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- [ ] Arch
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* [ ] Debian
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* [ ] Slackware
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* [ ] Red Hat
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* [ ] Arch
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:heavy_check_mark: Is the Linux kernel:
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- [ ] Multi-tasking
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- [ ] Multi-user
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- [ ] Multi-processor
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- [ ] Multi-core
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- [ ] Cross-platform
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- [ ] Open
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* [ ] Multi-tasking
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* [ ] Multi-user
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* [ ] Multi-processor
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* [ ] Multi-core
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* [ ] Cross-platform
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* [ ] Open
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:heavy_check_mark: Is free software necessarily open-source?
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- [ ] True
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- [ ] False
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* [ ] True
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* [ ] False
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:heavy_check_mark: Is open-source software necessarily free?
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- [ ] True
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- [ ] False
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* [ ] True
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* [ ] False
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:heavy_check_mark: Which of the following is not a shell:
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- [ ] Jason
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- [ ] Jason-Bourne shell (jbsh)
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- [ ] Bourne-Again shell (bash)
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- [ ] C shell (csh)
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- [ ] Korn shell (ksh)
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* [ ] Jason
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* [ ] Jason-Bourne shell (jbsh)
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* [ ] Bourne-Again shell (bash)
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* [ ] C shell (csh)
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* [ ] Korn shell (ksh)

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