Nightly rustc segfaulting with "!dbg attachment points at wrong subprogram for function"

[sstangl]

Our CI here is failing with rustc Nightly: https://gitlab.com/openpowerlifting/opl-data/-/jobs/126388055. The failure has reproduced across multiple runs.

The first error message is !dbg attachment points at wrong subprogram for function.

To reproduce:

1. git clone https://gitlab.com/openpowerlifting/opl-data.git (about 100mb or so)
2. git checkout 77f366f4c48e72c1f7b50a7edd09668b52da3628 (the earliest push that started failing)
3. cd server
4. cargo build

[nikic]

This is a duplicate of #56265.