diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 72f2d4f6cd390..5886b96b72813 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2526,6 +2526,16 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "04744f49eae99ab78e0d5c0b603ab218f515ea8cfe5a456d7629ad883a3b6e7d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "os_pipe"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ffd2b0a5634335b135d5728d84c5e0fd726954b87111f7506a61c502280d982"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "overload"
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -3050,6 +3060,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "gimli 0.31.1",
  "libc",
  "object 0.36.7",
+ "os_pipe",
  "regex",
  "serde_json",
  "similar",
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs
index 6dbd8a7ac013f..12654001a1e28 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format.rs
@@ -711,11 +711,9 @@ fn report_missing_placeholders(
                     };
 
                     let pos = sub.position();
-                    let sub = String::from(sub.as_str());
-                    if explained.contains(&sub) {
+                    if !explained.insert(sub.to_string()) {
                         continue;
                     }
-                    explained.insert(sub);
 
                     if !found_foreign {
                         found_foreign = true;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs
index 866ec72f11646..13d5b42942ac7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_builtin_macros/src/format_foreign.rs
@@ -12,14 +12,16 @@ pub(crate) mod printf {
         Escape((usize, usize)),
     }
 
-    impl<'a> Substitution<'a> {
-        pub(crate) fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+    impl ToString for Substitution<'_> {
+        fn to_string(&self) -> String {
             match self {
-                Substitution::Format(fmt) => fmt.span,
-                Substitution::Escape(_) => "%%",
+                Substitution::Format(fmt) => fmt.span.into(),
+                Substitution::Escape(_) => "%%".into(),
             }
         }
+    }
 
+    impl Substitution<'_> {
         pub(crate) fn position(&self) -> InnerSpan {
             match self {
                 Substitution::Format(fmt) => fmt.position,
@@ -627,15 +629,17 @@ pub(crate) mod shell {
         Escape((usize, usize)),
     }
 
-    impl Substitution<'_> {
-        pub(crate) fn as_str(&self) -> String {
+    impl ToString for Substitution<'_> {
+        fn to_string(&self) -> String {
             match self {
                 Substitution::Ordinal(n, _) => format!("${n}"),
                 Substitution::Name(n, _) => format!("${n}"),
                 Substitution::Escape(_) => "$$".into(),
             }
         }
+    }
 
+    impl Substitution<'_> {
         pub(crate) fn position(&self) -> InnerSpan {
             let (Self::Ordinal(_, pos) | Self::Name(_, pos) | Self::Escape(pos)) = self;
             InnerSpan::new(pos.0, pos.1)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
index 67024f988a452..84858cfc1b1e4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, DefId};
 use rustc_hir::{MissingLifetimeKind, PrimTy};
 use rustc_middle::ty;
 use rustc_session::{Session, lint};
-use rustc_span::edit_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
+use rustc_span::edit_distance::{edit_distance, find_best_match_for_name};
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::MacroKind;
 use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Ident, Span, Symbol, kw, sym};
@@ -2919,23 +2919,35 @@ impl<'ast, 'ra: 'ast, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'_, 'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> {
             )
             .with_span_label(lifetime_ref.ident.span, "undeclared lifetime")
         };
-        self.suggest_introducing_lifetime(
-            &mut err,
-            Some(lifetime_ref.ident.name.as_str()),
-            |err, _, span, message, suggestion, span_suggs| {
-                err.multipart_suggestion_with_style(
-                    message,
-                    std::iter::once((span, suggestion)).chain(span_suggs.clone()).collect(),
-                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
-                    if span_suggs.is_empty() {
-                        SuggestionStyle::ShowCode
-                    } else {
-                        SuggestionStyle::ShowAlways
-                    },
-                );
-                true
-            },
-        );
+
+        // Check if this is a typo of `'static`.
+        if edit_distance(lifetime_ref.ident.name.as_str(), "'static", 2).is_some() {
+            err.span_suggestion_verbose(
+                lifetime_ref.ident.span,
+                "you may have misspelled the `'static` lifetime",
+                "'static",
+                Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+            );
+        } else {
+            self.suggest_introducing_lifetime(
+                &mut err,
+                Some(lifetime_ref.ident.name.as_str()),
+                |err, _, span, message, suggestion, span_suggs| {
+                    err.multipart_suggestion_with_style(
+                        message,
+                        std::iter::once((span, suggestion)).chain(span_suggs.clone()).collect(),
+                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                        if span_suggs.is_empty() {
+                            SuggestionStyle::ShowCode
+                        } else {
+                            SuggestionStyle::ShowAlways
+                        },
+                    );
+                    true
+                },
+            );
+        }
+
         err.emit();
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/mod.rs
index 198d08864bec3..6d0ee3c7ee58a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/mod.rs
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ mod sparc64;
 mod wasm;
 mod x86;
 mod x86_64;
+mod x86_win32;
 mod x86_win64;
 mod xtensa;
 
@@ -649,7 +650,11 @@ impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
                 };
                 let reg_struct_return = cx.x86_abi_opt().reg_struct_return;
                 let opts = x86::X86Options { flavor, regparm, reg_struct_return };
-                x86::compute_abi_info(cx, self, opts);
+                if spec.is_like_msvc {
+                    x86_win32::compute_abi_info(cx, self, opts);
+                } else {
+                    x86::compute_abi_info(cx, self, opts);
+                }
             }
             "x86_64" => match abi {
                 ExternAbi::SysV64 { .. } => x86_64::compute_abi_info(cx, self),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86.rs
index 73aff85a0ad88..6f112b4940057 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ where
             if t.abi_return_struct_as_int || opts.reg_struct_return {
                 // According to Clang, everyone but MSVC returns single-element
                 // float aggregates directly in a floating-point register.
-                if !t.is_like_msvc && fn_abi.ret.layout.is_single_fp_element(cx) {
+                if fn_abi.ret.layout.is_single_fp_element(cx) {
                     match fn_abi.ret.layout.size.bytes() {
                         4 => fn_abi.ret.cast_to(Reg::f32()),
                         8 => fn_abi.ret.cast_to(Reg::f64()),
@@ -64,31 +64,11 @@ where
             continue;
         }
 
-        // FIXME: MSVC 2015+ will pass the first 3 vector arguments in [XYZ]MM0-2
-        // See https://reviews.llvm.org/D72114 for Clang behavior
-
         let t = cx.target_spec();
         let align_4 = Align::from_bytes(4).unwrap();
         let align_16 = Align::from_bytes(16).unwrap();
 
-        if t.is_like_msvc
-            && arg.layout.is_adt()
-            && let Some(max_repr_align) = arg.layout.max_repr_align
-            && max_repr_align > align_4
-        {
-            // MSVC has special rules for overaligned arguments: https://reviews.llvm.org/D72114.
-            // Summarized here:
-            // - Arguments with _requested_ alignment > 4 are passed indirectly.
-            // - For backwards compatibility, arguments with natural alignment > 4 are still passed
-            //   on stack (via `byval`). For example, this includes `double`, `int64_t`,
-            //   and structs containing them, provided they lack an explicit alignment attribute.
-            assert!(
-                arg.layout.align.abi >= max_repr_align,
-                "abi alignment {:?} less than requested alignment {max_repr_align:?}",
-                arg.layout.align.abi,
-            );
-            arg.make_indirect();
-        } else if arg.layout.is_aggregate() {
+        if arg.layout.is_aggregate() {
             // We need to compute the alignment of the `byval` argument. The rules can be found in
             // `X86_32ABIInfo::getTypeStackAlignInBytes` in Clang's `TargetInfo.cpp`. Summarized
             // here, they are:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86_win32.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86_win32.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..554a7368848b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86_win32.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use rustc_abi::{Align, HasDataLayout, Reg, TyAbiInterface};
+
+use crate::callconv::FnAbi;
+use crate::spec::HasTargetSpec;
+
+pub(crate) fn compute_abi_info<'a, Ty, C>(
+    cx: &C,
+    fn_abi: &mut FnAbi<'a, Ty>,
+    opts: super::x86::X86Options,
+) where
+    Ty: TyAbiInterface<'a, C> + Copy,
+    C: HasDataLayout + HasTargetSpec,
+{
+    if !fn_abi.ret.is_ignore() {
+        if fn_abi.ret.layout.is_aggregate() && fn_abi.ret.layout.is_sized() {
+            // Returning a structure. Most often, this will use
+            // a hidden first argument. On some platforms, though,
+            // small structs are returned as integers.
+            //
+            // Some links:
+            // https://www.angelcode.com/dev/callconv/callconv.html
+            // Clang's ABI handling is in lib/CodeGen/TargetInfo.cpp
+            let t = cx.target_spec();
+            // MSVC does not special-case 1-element float aggregates, unlike others.
+            // GCC used to apply the SysV rule here, breaking windows-gnu's ABI, but was fixed:
+            // - reported in https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=82028
+            // - fixed in https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=85667
+            if t.abi_return_struct_as_int || opts.reg_struct_return {
+                match fn_abi.ret.layout.size.bytes() {
+                    1 => fn_abi.ret.cast_to(Reg::i8()),
+                    2 => fn_abi.ret.cast_to(Reg::i16()),
+                    4 => fn_abi.ret.cast_to(Reg::i32()),
+                    8 => fn_abi.ret.cast_to(Reg::i64()),
+                    _ => fn_abi.ret.make_indirect(),
+                }
+            } else {
+                fn_abi.ret.make_indirect();
+            }
+        } else {
+            fn_abi.ret.extend_integer_width_to(32);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for arg in fn_abi.args.iter_mut() {
+        if arg.is_ignore() || !arg.layout.is_sized() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // FIXME: MSVC 2015+ will pass the first 3 vector arguments in [XYZ]MM0-2
+        // See https://reviews.llvm.org/D72114 for Clang behavior
+
+        let align_4 = Align::from_bytes(4).unwrap();
+
+        if arg.layout.is_adt()
+            && let Some(max_repr_align) = arg.layout.max_repr_align
+            && max_repr_align > align_4
+        {
+            // MSVC has special rules for overaligned arguments: https://reviews.llvm.org/D72114.
+            // Summarized here:
+            // - Arguments with _requested_ alignment > 4 are passed indirectly.
+            // - For backwards compatibility, arguments with natural alignment > 4 are still passed
+            //   on stack (via `byval`). For example, this includes `double`, `int64_t`,
+            //   and structs containing them, provided they lack an explicit alignment attribute.
+            assert!(
+                arg.layout.align.abi >= max_repr_align,
+                "abi alignment {:?} less than requested alignment {max_repr_align:?}",
+                arg.layout.align.abi,
+            );
+            arg.make_indirect();
+        } else if arg.layout.is_aggregate() {
+            // Alignment of the `byval` argument.
+            // The rules can be found in `X86_32ABIInfo::getTypeStackAlignInBytes` in Clang's `TargetInfo.cpp`.
+            let byval_align = align_4;
+            arg.pass_by_stack_offset(Some(byval_align));
+        } else {
+            arg.extend_integer_width_to(32);
+        }
+    }
+
+    super::x86::fill_inregs(cx, fn_abi, opts, false);
+}
diff --git a/library/core/src/char/methods.rs b/library/core/src/char/methods.rs
index 85cc315626d4b..bb71af339b818 100644
--- a/library/core/src/char/methods.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/char/methods.rs
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ impl char {
     /// '1'.is_digit(1);
     /// ```
     #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_char_classify", issue = "132241")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_char_classify", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     #[inline]
     pub const fn is_digit(self, radix: u32) -> bool {
         self.to_digit(radix).is_some()
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ impl char {
     /// ```
     #[must_use]
     #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_char_classify", issue = "132241")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_char_classify", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     #[inline]
     pub const fn is_whitespace(self) -> bool {
         match self {
diff --git a/library/core/src/cmp.rs b/library/core/src/cmp.rs
index c8ced78c4d791..b29251b4b436c 100644
--- a/library/core/src/cmp.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/cmp.rs
@@ -397,6 +397,12 @@ pub enum Ordering {
 }
 
 impl Ordering {
+    #[inline]
+    const fn as_raw(self) -> i8 {
+        // FIXME(const-hack): just use `PartialOrd` against `Equal` once that's const
+        crate::intrinsics::discriminant_value(&self)
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the ordering is the `Equal` variant.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -413,7 +419,11 @@ impl Ordering {
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     #[stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     pub const fn is_eq(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Equal)
+        // All the `is_*` methods are implemented as comparisons against zero
+        // to follow how clang's libcxx implements their equivalents in
+        // <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/60486292b79885b7800b082754153202bef5b1f0/libcxx/include/__compare/is_eq.h#L23-L28>
+
+        self.as_raw() == 0
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the ordering is not the `Equal` variant.
@@ -432,7 +442,7 @@ impl Ordering {
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     #[stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     pub const fn is_ne(self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self, Equal)
+        self.as_raw() != 0
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the ordering is the `Less` variant.
@@ -451,7 +461,7 @@ impl Ordering {
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     #[stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     pub const fn is_lt(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Less)
+        self.as_raw() < 0
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the ordering is the `Greater` variant.
@@ -470,7 +480,7 @@ impl Ordering {
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     #[stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     pub const fn is_gt(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Greater)
+        self.as_raw() > 0
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the ordering is either the `Less` or `Equal` variant.
@@ -489,7 +499,7 @@ impl Ordering {
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     #[stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     pub const fn is_le(self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self, Greater)
+        self.as_raw() <= 0
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the ordering is either the `Greater` or `Equal` variant.
@@ -508,7 +518,7 @@ impl Ordering {
     #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     #[stable(feature = "ordering_helpers", since = "1.53.0")]
     pub const fn is_ge(self) -> bool {
-        !matches!(self, Less)
+        self.as_raw() >= 0
     }
 
     /// Reverses the `Ordering`.
diff --git a/library/core/src/ffi/primitives.rs b/library/core/src/ffi/primitives.rs
index ece3c7538dabb..6495e61b346fe 100644
--- a/library/core/src/ffi/primitives.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/ffi/primitives.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ mod c_char_definition {
         // These are the targets on which c_char is unsigned. Usually the
         // signedness is the same for all target_os values on a given architecture
         // but there are some exceptions (see isSignedCharDefault() in clang).
-        //
         // aarch64:
         //   Section 10 "Arm C and C++ language mappings" in Procedure Call Standard for the Arm®
         //   64-bit Architecture (AArch64) says C/C++ char is unsigned byte.
@@ -97,14 +96,19 @@ mod c_char_definition {
         //   are promoted to int as if from type signed char by default, unless the /J compilation
         //   option is used."
         //   https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/fundamental-types-cpp?view=msvc-170#character-types
+        // Vita:
+        //   Chars are signed by default on the Vita, and VITASDK follows that convention.
+        //   https://github.com/vitasdk/buildscripts/blob/09c533b771591ecde88864b6acad28ffb688dbd4/patches/gcc/0001-gcc-10.patch#L33-L34
+        //
         // L4Re:
-        //   The kernel builds with -funsigned-char on all targets (but useserspace follows the
+        //   The kernel builds with -funsigned-char on all targets (but userspace follows the
         //   architecture defaults). As we only have a target for userspace apps so there are no
         //   special cases for L4Re below.
         //   https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/132975#issuecomment-2484645240
         if #[cfg(all(
             not(windows),
             not(target_vendor = "apple"),
+            not(target_os = "vita"),
             any(
                 target_arch = "aarch64",
                 target_arch = "arm",
diff --git a/library/core/src/net/socket_addr.rs b/library/core/src/net/socket_addr.rs
index 9204797e6e157..57f47e66e81e7 100644
--- a/library/core/src/net/socket_addr.rs
+++ b/library/core/src/net/socket_addr.rs
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl SocketAddr {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_ip(&mut self, new_ip: IpAddr) {
         // `match (*self, new_ip)` would have us mutate a copy of self only to throw it away.
         match (self, new_ip) {
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ impl SocketAddr {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_port(&mut self, new_port: u16) {
         match *self {
             SocketAddr::V4(ref mut a) => a.set_port(new_port),
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ impl SocketAddrV4 {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_ip(&mut self, new_ip: Ipv4Addr) {
         self.ip = new_ip;
     }
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ impl SocketAddrV4 {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_port(&mut self, new_port: u16) {
         self.port = new_port;
     }
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ impl SocketAddrV6 {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_ip(&mut self, new_ip: Ipv6Addr) {
         self.ip = new_ip;
     }
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ impl SocketAddrV6 {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_port(&mut self, new_port: u16) {
         self.port = new_port;
     }
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ impl SocketAddrV6 {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_flowinfo(&mut self, new_flowinfo: u32) {
         self.flowinfo = new_flowinfo;
     }
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ impl SocketAddrV6 {
     /// ```
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
-    #[rustc_const_unstable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", issue = "131714")]
+    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "const_sockaddr_setters", since = "CURRENT_RUSTC_VERSION")]
     pub const fn set_scope_id(&mut self, new_scope_id: u32) {
         self.scope_id = new_scope_id;
     }
diff --git a/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs b/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs
index f4a02802336d5..aa25ff5293c71 100644
--- a/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/ffi/os_str.rs
@@ -257,7 +257,30 @@ impl OsString {
     #[inline]
     #[rustc_confusables("append", "put")]
     pub fn push<T: AsRef<OsStr>>(&mut self, s: T) {
-        self.inner.push_slice(&s.as_ref().inner)
+        trait SpecPushTo {
+            fn spec_push_to(&self, buf: &mut OsString);
+        }
+
+        impl<T: AsRef<OsStr>> SpecPushTo for T {
+            #[inline]
+            default fn spec_push_to(&self, buf: &mut OsString) {
+                buf.inner.push_slice(&self.as_ref().inner);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Use a more efficient implementation when the string is UTF-8.
+        macro spec_str($T:ty) {
+            impl SpecPushTo for $T {
+                #[inline]
+                fn spec_push_to(&self, buf: &mut OsString) {
+                    buf.inner.push_str(self);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        spec_str!(str);
+        spec_str!(String);
+
+        s.spec_push_to(self)
     }
 
     /// Creates a new `OsString` with at least the given capacity.
@@ -587,7 +610,30 @@ impl<T: ?Sized + AsRef<OsStr>> From<&T> for OsString {
     /// Copies any value implementing <code>[AsRef]&lt;[OsStr]&gt;</code>
     /// into a newly allocated [`OsString`].
     fn from(s: &T) -> OsString {
-        s.as_ref().to_os_string()
+        trait SpecToOsString {
+            fn spec_to_os_string(&self) -> OsString;
+        }
+
+        impl<T: AsRef<OsStr>> SpecToOsString for T {
+            #[inline]
+            default fn spec_to_os_string(&self) -> OsString {
+                self.as_ref().to_os_string()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Preserve the known-UTF-8 property for strings.
+        macro spec_str($T:ty) {
+            impl SpecToOsString for $T {
+                #[inline]
+                fn spec_to_os_string(&self) -> OsString {
+                    OsString::from(String::from(self))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        spec_str!(str);
+        spec_str!(String);
+
+        s.spec_to_os_string()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/fs.rs b/library/std/src/fs.rs
index 4314c8a0b1825..46b5860123fc1 100644
--- a/library/std/src/fs.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/fs.rs
@@ -2446,7 +2446,7 @@ pub fn symlink_metadata<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> io::Result<Metadata> {
 /// # Platform-specific behavior
 ///
 /// This function currently corresponds to the `rename` function on Unix
-/// and the `SetFileInformationByHandle` function on Windows.
+/// and the `MoveFileExW` or `SetFileInformationByHandle` function on Windows.
 ///
 /// Because of this, the behavior when both `from` and `to` exist differs. On
 /// Unix, if `from` is a directory, `to` must also be an (empty) directory. If
diff --git a/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader.rs b/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader.rs
index 8b46738ab8aee..697fb5974a3dd 100644
--- a/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader.rs
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ impl<R: Read + ?Sized> BufReader<R> {
     /// #![feature(bufreader_peek)]
     /// use std::io::{Read, BufReader};
     ///
-    /// let mut bytes = &b"oh, hello"[..];
+    /// let mut bytes = &b"oh, hello there"[..];
     /// let mut rdr = BufReader::with_capacity(6, &mut bytes);
     /// assert_eq!(rdr.peek(2).unwrap(), b"oh");
     /// let mut buf = [0; 4];
     /// rdr.read(&mut buf[..]).unwrap();
     /// assert_eq!(&buf, b"oh, ");
-    /// assert_eq!(rdr.peek(2).unwrap(), b"he");
+    /// assert_eq!(rdr.peek(5).unwrap(), b"hello");
     /// let mut s = String::new();
     /// rdr.read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
-    /// assert_eq!(&s, "hello");
+    /// assert_eq!(&s, "hello there");
     /// assert_eq!(rdr.peek(1).unwrap().len(), 0);
     /// ```
     #[unstable(feature = "bufreader_peek", issue = "128405")]
diff --git a/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader/buffer.rs b/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader/buffer.rs
index 5251cc302cb49..9fd2472ebdfdb 100644
--- a/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader/buffer.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/io/buffered/bufreader/buffer.rs
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ impl Buffer {
 
     /// Read more bytes into the buffer without discarding any of its contents
     pub fn read_more(&mut self, mut reader: impl Read) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        let mut buf = BorrowedBuf::from(&mut self.buf[self.pos..]);
-        let old_init = self.initialized - self.pos;
+        let mut buf = BorrowedBuf::from(&mut self.buf[self.filled..]);
+        let old_init = self.initialized - self.filled;
         unsafe {
             buf.set_init(old_init);
         }
diff --git a/library/std/src/io/cursor.rs b/library/std/src/io/cursor.rs
index 08832bbc1e3d1..d7131e2fe92fd 100644
--- a/library/std/src/io/cursor.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/io/cursor.rs
@@ -439,6 +439,27 @@ fn slice_write_vectored(
     Ok(nwritten)
 }
 
+#[inline]
+fn slice_write_all(pos_mut: &mut u64, slice: &mut [u8], buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let n = slice_write(pos_mut, slice, buf)?;
+    if n < buf.len() { Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF) } else { Ok(()) }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn slice_write_all_vectored(
+    pos_mut: &mut u64,
+    slice: &mut [u8],
+    bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    for buf in bufs {
+        let n = slice_write(pos_mut, slice, buf)?;
+        if n < buf.len() {
+            return Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Reserves the required space, and pads the vec with 0s if necessary.
 fn reserve_and_pad<A: Allocator>(
     pos_mut: &mut u64,
@@ -481,9 +502,12 @@ fn reserve_and_pad<A: Allocator>(
     Ok(pos)
 }
 
-/// Writes the slice to the vec without allocating
-/// # Safety: vec must have buf.len() spare capacity
-unsafe fn vec_write_unchecked<A>(pos: usize, vec: &mut Vec<u8, A>, buf: &[u8]) -> usize
+/// Writes the slice to the vec without allocating.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// `vec` must have `buf.len()` spare capacity.
+unsafe fn vec_write_all_unchecked<A>(pos: usize, vec: &mut Vec<u8, A>, buf: &[u8]) -> usize
 where
     A: Allocator,
 {
@@ -492,7 +516,7 @@ where
     pos + buf.len()
 }
 
-/// Resizing write implementation for [`Cursor`]
+/// Resizing `write_all` implementation for [`Cursor`].
 ///
 /// Cursor is allowed to have a pre-allocated and initialised
 /// vector body, but with a position of 0. This means the [`Write`]
@@ -501,7 +525,7 @@ where
 /// This also allows for the vec body to be empty, but with a position of N.
 /// This means that [`Write`] will pad the vec with 0 initially,
 /// before writing anything from that point
-fn vec_write<A>(pos_mut: &mut u64, vec: &mut Vec<u8, A>, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize>
+fn vec_write_all<A>(pos_mut: &mut u64, vec: &mut Vec<u8, A>, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize>
 where
     A: Allocator,
 {
@@ -512,7 +536,7 @@ where
     // Safety: we have ensured that the capacity is available
     // and that all bytes get written up to pos
     unsafe {
-        pos = vec_write_unchecked(pos, vec, buf);
+        pos = vec_write_all_unchecked(pos, vec, buf);
         if pos > vec.len() {
             vec.set_len(pos);
         }
@@ -523,7 +547,7 @@ where
     Ok(buf_len)
 }
 
-/// Resizing write_vectored implementation for [`Cursor`]
+/// Resizing `write_all_vectored` implementation for [`Cursor`].
 ///
 /// Cursor is allowed to have a pre-allocated and initialised
 /// vector body, but with a position of 0. This means the [`Write`]
@@ -532,7 +556,7 @@ where
 /// This also allows for the vec body to be empty, but with a position of N.
 /// This means that [`Write`] will pad the vec with 0 initially,
 /// before writing anything from that point
-fn vec_write_vectored<A>(
+fn vec_write_all_vectored<A>(
     pos_mut: &mut u64,
     vec: &mut Vec<u8, A>,
     bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
@@ -550,7 +574,7 @@ where
     // and that all bytes get written up to the last pos
     unsafe {
         for buf in bufs {
-            pos = vec_write_unchecked(pos, vec, buf);
+            pos = vec_write_all_unchecked(pos, vec, buf);
         }
         if pos > vec.len() {
             vec.set_len(pos);
@@ -579,6 +603,16 @@ impl Write for Cursor<&mut [u8]> {
         true
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        slice_write_all(&mut self.pos, self.inner, buf)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        slice_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, self.inner, bufs)
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
@@ -591,11 +625,11 @@ where
     A: Allocator,
 {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        vec_write(&mut self.pos, self.inner, buf)
+        vec_write_all(&mut self.pos, self.inner, buf)
     }
 
     fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        vec_write_vectored(&mut self.pos, self.inner, bufs)
+        vec_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, self.inner, bufs)
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -603,6 +637,16 @@ where
         true
     }
 
+    fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        vec_write_all(&mut self.pos, self.inner, buf)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        vec_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, self.inner, bufs)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
@@ -615,11 +659,11 @@ where
     A: Allocator,
 {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        vec_write(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)
+        vec_write_all(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)
     }
 
     fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        vec_write_vectored(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, bufs)
+        vec_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, bufs)
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -627,6 +671,16 @@ where
         true
     }
 
+    fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        vec_write_all(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        vec_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, bufs)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
@@ -653,6 +707,16 @@ where
         true
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        slice_write_all(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        slice_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, bufs)
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
@@ -676,6 +740,16 @@ impl<const N: usize> Write for Cursor<[u8; N]> {
         true
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        slice_write_all(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, buf)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        slice_write_all_vectored(&mut self.pos, &mut self.inner, bufs)
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
diff --git a/library/std/src/io/impls.rs b/library/std/src/io/impls.rs
index 8239b29884e8e..d0245f3d4984c 100644
--- a/library/std/src/io/impls.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/io/impls.rs
@@ -455,7 +455,17 @@ impl Write for &mut [u8] {
 
     #[inline]
     fn write_all(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
-        if self.write(data)? == data.len() { Ok(()) } else { Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF) }
+        if self.write(data)? < data.len() { Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF) } else { Ok(()) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        for buf in bufs {
+            if self.write(buf)? < buf.len() {
+                return Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -495,6 +505,12 @@ impl<A: Allocator> Write for Vec<u8, A> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.write_vectored(bufs)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
@@ -515,6 +531,7 @@ impl<A: Allocator> Read for VecDeque<u8, A> {
         Ok(n)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         let (front, back) = self.as_slices();
 
@@ -547,6 +564,7 @@ impl<A: Allocator> Read for VecDeque<u8, A> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, mut cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
         let len = cursor.capacity();
         let (front, back) = self.as_slices();
@@ -638,6 +656,12 @@ impl<A: Allocator> Write for VecDeque<u8, A> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.write_vectored(bufs)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
@@ -646,12 +670,46 @@ impl<A: Allocator> Write for VecDeque<u8, A> {
 
 #[unstable(feature = "read_buf", issue = "78485")]
 impl<'a> io::Write for core::io::BorrowedCursor<'a> {
+    #[inline]
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         let amt = cmp::min(buf.len(), self.capacity());
         self.append(&buf[..amt]);
         Ok(amt)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let mut nwritten = 0;
+        for buf in bufs {
+            let n = self.write(buf)?;
+            nwritten += n;
+            if n < buf.len() {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(nwritten)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.write(buf)? < buf.len() { Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF) } else { Ok(()) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<()> {
+        for buf in bufs {
+            if self.write(buf)? < buf.len() {
+                return Err(io::Error::WRITE_ALL_EOF);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/mod.rs
index 1032fcba5e2e1..321d143dc2959 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/mod.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ pub mod net;
 pub mod os_str;
 pub mod path;
 pub mod random;
+pub mod stdio;
 pub mod sync;
 pub mod thread_local;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs
index 1d337694944bc..dfff2d3e5d31d 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/bytes.rs
@@ -139,6 +139,11 @@ impl Buf {
         self.inner.extend_from_slice(&s.inner)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn push_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        self.inner.extend_from_slice(s.as_bytes());
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
         self.inner.reserve(additional)
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs
index 8acec6f949fc5..a32f5d40f6a9c 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/os_str/wtf8.rs
@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ impl Buf {
         self.inner.push_wtf8(&s.inner)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn push_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        self.inner.push_str(s);
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
         self.inner.reserve(additional)
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/mod.rs
index 21cbac643bbec..b2c2a9732d0d1 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/stdio.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ea00f5cc5ec9..0000000000000
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/hermit/stdio.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-use super::hermit_abi;
-use crate::io;
-use crate::io::{IoSlice, IoSliceMut};
-use crate::mem::ManuallyDrop;
-use crate::os::hermit::io::FromRawFd;
-use crate::sys::fd::FileDesc;
-
-pub struct Stdin;
-pub struct Stdout;
-pub struct Stderr;
-
-impl Stdin {
-    pub const fn new() -> Stdin {
-        Stdin
-    }
-}
-
-impl io::Read for Stdin {
-    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(hermit_abi::STDIN_FILENO)).read(buf) }
-    }
-
-    fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(hermit_abi::STDIN_FILENO)).read_vectored(bufs)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-}
-
-impl Stdout {
-    pub const fn new() -> Stdout {
-        Stdout
-    }
-}
-
-impl io::Write for Stdout {
-    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(hermit_abi::STDOUT_FILENO)).write(buf) }
-    }
-
-    fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(hermit_abi::STDOUT_FILENO)).write_vectored(bufs)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Stderr {
-    pub const fn new() -> Stderr {
-        Stderr
-    }
-}
-
-impl io::Write for Stderr {
-    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(hermit_abi::STDERR_FILENO)).write(buf) }
-    }
-
-    fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(hermit_abi::STDERR_FILENO)).write_vectored(bufs)
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-pub const STDIN_BUF_SIZE: usize = 128;
-
-pub fn is_ebadf(err: &io::Error) -> bool {
-    err.raw_os_error() == Some(hermit_abi::EBADF)
-}
-
-pub fn panic_output() -> Option<impl io::Write> {
-    Some(Stderr::new())
-}
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/abi/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/abi/mod.rs
index 90981bd6a6a04..2c805a4d0af01 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/abi/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/abi/mod.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use crate::io::Write;
 
 // runtime features
-pub(super) mod panic;
+pub mod panic;
 mod reloc;
 
 // library features
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/libunwind_integration.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/libunwind_integration.rs
index 6d0d78d1eb9b5..b5419ad05decd 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/libunwind_integration.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/libunwind_integration.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #![cfg(not(test))]
 
 use crate::sys::sync::RwLock;
+use crate::{slice, str};
 
 // Verify that the byte pattern libunwind uses to initialize an RwLock is
 // equivalent to the value of RwLock::new(). If the value changes,
@@ -44,3 +45,14 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn __rust_rwlock_unlock(p: *mut RwLock) -> i32 {
     unsafe { (*p).write_unlock() };
     return 0;
 }
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn __rust_print_err(m: *mut u8, s: i32) {
+    if s < 0 {
+        return;
+    }
+    let buf = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(m as *const u8, s as _) };
+    if let Ok(s) = str::from_utf8(&buf[..buf.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(buf.len())]) {
+        eprint!("{s}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/mod.rs
index 37ca6b08c950b..bdc935bf1fec9 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod thread_parking;
 pub mod time;
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/mod.rs
index 06af7bfade059..5fecbaf5215bc 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub use self::itron::{thread, thread_parking};
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/teeos/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/teeos/mod.rs
index 3632524157db9..a67b6f1dc6fce 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/teeos/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/teeos/mod.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
 #[path = "../unix/time.rs"]
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/uefi/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/uefi/mod.rs
index 6a03e240c6bd4..de9a0f688565e 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/uefi/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/uefi/mod.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ pub mod os;
 #[path = "../unsupported/pipe.rs"]
 pub mod pipe;
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/mod.rs
index c0b56d8d2b28a..58b8d17c1f981 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/mod.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 pub mod process;
 pub mod stack_overflow;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod sync;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod thread_parking;
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unsupported/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/unsupported/mod.rs
index b1aaeb1b4c814..18690577e9e67 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unsupported/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/unsupported/mod.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ pub mod fs;
 pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/mod.rs
index f4588a60ea9a4..5f0e7daf5322b 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/mod.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasip2/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasip2/mod.rs
index 72c9742b2e549..d4da07fcca3dd 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasip2/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasip2/mod.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-#[path = "../wasi/stdio.rs"]
-pub mod stdio;
 #[path = "../wasi/thread.rs"]
 pub mod thread;
 #[path = "../wasi/time.rs"]
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasm/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasm/mod.rs
index 32d59c4d0f7c4..ce909ed849435 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasm/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasm/mod.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-#[path = "../unsupported/stdio.rs"]
-pub mod stdio;
 #[path = "../unsupported/time.rs"]
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/fs.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/fs.rs
index 623a7d89ba5a0..aaac3f81928f3 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/fs.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/fs.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use super::api::{self, WinError, set_file_information_by_handle};
 use super::{IoResult, to_u16s};
-use crate::alloc::{alloc, handle_alloc_error};
+use crate::alloc::{Layout, alloc, dealloc};
 use crate::borrow::Cow;
 use crate::ffi::{OsStr, OsString, c_void};
 use crate::io::{self, BorrowedCursor, Error, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, SeekFrom};
-use crate::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
+use crate::mem::{self, MaybeUninit, offset_of};
 use crate::os::windows::io::{AsHandle, BorrowedHandle};
 use crate::os::windows::prelude::*;
 use crate::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -1242,141 +1242,72 @@ pub fn rename(old: &Path, new: &Path) -> io::Result<()> {
     let old = maybe_verbatim(old)?;
     let new = maybe_verbatim(new)?;
 
-    let new_len_without_nul_in_bytes = (new.len() - 1).try_into().unwrap();
-
-    // The last field of FILE_RENAME_INFO, the file name, is unsized,
-    // and FILE_RENAME_INFO has two padding bytes.
-    // Therefore we need to make sure to not allocate less than
-    // size_of::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>() bytes, which would be the case with
-    // 0 or 1 character paths + a null byte.
-    let struct_size = mem::size_of::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>()
-        .max(mem::offset_of!(c::FILE_RENAME_INFO, FileName) + new.len() * mem::size_of::<u16>());
-
-    let struct_size: u32 = struct_size.try_into().unwrap();
-
-    let create_file = |extra_access, extra_flags| {
-        let handle = unsafe {
-            HandleOrInvalid::from_raw_handle(c::CreateFileW(
-                old.as_ptr(),
-                c::SYNCHRONIZE | c::DELETE | extra_access,
-                c::FILE_SHARE_READ | c::FILE_SHARE_WRITE | c::FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
-                ptr::null(),
-                c::OPEN_EXISTING,
-                c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | extra_flags,
-                ptr::null_mut(),
-            ))
-        };
-
-        OwnedHandle::try_from(handle).map_err(|_| io::Error::last_os_error())
-    };
-
-    // The following code replicates `MoveFileEx`'s behavior as reverse-engineered from its disassembly.
-    // If `old` refers to a mount point, we move it instead of the target.
-    let handle = match create_file(c::FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES, c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT) {
-        Ok(handle) => {
-            let mut file_attribute_tag_info: MaybeUninit<c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TAG_INFO> =
-                MaybeUninit::uninit();
-
-            let result = unsafe {
-                cvt(c::GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
-                    handle.as_raw_handle(),
-                    c::FileAttributeTagInfo,
-                    file_attribute_tag_info.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
-                    mem::size_of::<c::FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TAG_INFO>().try_into().unwrap(),
-                ))
+    if unsafe { c::MoveFileExW(old.as_ptr(), new.as_ptr(), c::MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING) } == 0 {
+        let err = api::get_last_error();
+        // if `MoveFileExW` fails with ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED then try to move
+        // the file while ignoring the readonly attribute.
+        // This is accomplished by calling `SetFileInformationByHandle` with `FileRenameInfoEx`.
+        if err == WinError::ACCESS_DENIED {
+            let mut opts = OpenOptions::new();
+            opts.access_mode(c::DELETE);
+            opts.custom_flags(c::FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT | c::FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS);
+            let Ok(f) = File::open_native(&old, &opts) else { return Err(err).io_result() };
+
+            // Calculate the layout of the `FILE_RENAME_INFO` we pass to `SetFileInformation`
+            // This is a dynamically sized struct so we need to get the position of the last field to calculate the actual size.
+            let Ok(new_len_without_nul_in_bytes): Result<u32, _> = ((new.len() - 1) * 2).try_into()
+            else {
+                return Err(err).io_result();
             };
-
-            if let Err(err) = result {
-                if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as _)
-                    || err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION as _)
-                {
-                    // `GetFileInformationByHandleEx` documents that not all underlying drivers support all file information classes.
-                    // Since we know we passed the correct arguments, this means the underlying driver didn't understand our request;
-                    // `MoveFileEx` proceeds by reopening the file without inhibiting reparse point behavior.
-                    None
-                } else {
-                    Some(Err(err))
-                }
-            } else {
-                // SAFETY: The struct has been initialized by GetFileInformationByHandleEx
-                let file_attribute_tag_info = unsafe { file_attribute_tag_info.assume_init() };
-                let file_type = FileType::new(
-                    file_attribute_tag_info.FileAttributes,
-                    file_attribute_tag_info.ReparseTag,
-                );
-
-                if file_type.is_symlink() {
-                    // The file is a mount point, junction point or symlink so
-                    // don't reopen the file so that the link gets renamed.
-                    Some(Ok(handle))
-                } else {
-                    // Otherwise reopen the file without inhibiting reparse point behavior.
-                    None
+            let offset: u32 = offset_of!(c::FILE_RENAME_INFO, FileName).try_into().unwrap();
+            let struct_size = offset + new_len_without_nul_in_bytes + 2;
+            let layout =
+                Layout::from_size_align(struct_size as usize, align_of::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>())
+                    .unwrap();
+
+            // SAFETY: We allocate enough memory for a full FILE_RENAME_INFO struct and a filename.
+            let file_rename_info;
+            unsafe {
+                file_rename_info = alloc(layout).cast::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>();
+                if file_rename_info.is_null() {
+                    return Err(io::ErrorKind::OutOfMemory.into());
                 }
-            }
-        }
-        // The underlying driver may not support `FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT`: Retry without it.
-        Err(err) if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as _) => None,
-        Err(err) => Some(Err(err)),
-    }
-    .unwrap_or_else(|| create_file(0, 0))?;
-
-    let layout = core::alloc::Layout::from_size_align(
-        struct_size as _,
-        mem::align_of::<c::FILE_RENAME_INFO>(),
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    let file_rename_info = unsafe { alloc(layout) } as *mut c::FILE_RENAME_INFO;
-
-    if file_rename_info.is_null() {
-        handle_alloc_error(layout);
-    }
 
-    // SAFETY: file_rename_info is a non-null pointer pointing to memory allocated by the global allocator.
-    let mut file_rename_info = unsafe { Box::from_raw(file_rename_info) };
+                (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).Anonymous).write(c::FILE_RENAME_INFO_0 {
+                    Flags: c::FILE_RENAME_FLAG_REPLACE_IF_EXISTS
+                        | c::FILE_RENAME_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS,
+                });
 
-    // SAFETY: We have allocated enough memory for a full FILE_RENAME_INFO struct and a filename.
-    unsafe {
-        (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).Anonymous).write(c::FILE_RENAME_INFO_0 {
-            Flags: c::FILE_RENAME_FLAG_REPLACE_IF_EXISTS | c::FILE_RENAME_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS,
-        });
-
-        (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).RootDirectory).write(ptr::null_mut());
-        (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).FileNameLength).write(new_len_without_nul_in_bytes);
-
-        new.as_ptr()
-            .copy_to_nonoverlapping((&raw mut (*file_rename_info).FileName) as *mut u16, new.len());
-    }
-
-    // We don't use `set_file_information_by_handle` here as `FILE_RENAME_INFO` is used for both `FileRenameInfo` and `FileRenameInfoEx`.
-    let result = unsafe {
-        cvt(c::SetFileInformationByHandle(
-            handle.as_raw_handle(),
-            c::FileRenameInfoEx,
-            (&raw const *file_rename_info).cast::<c_void>(),
-            struct_size,
-        ))
-    };
+                (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).RootDirectory).write(ptr::null_mut());
+                // Don't include the NULL in the size
+                (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).FileNameLength).write(new_len_without_nul_in_bytes);
 
-    if let Err(err) = result {
-        if err.raw_os_error() == Some(c::ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER as _) {
-            // FileRenameInfoEx and FILE_RENAME_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS were added in Windows 10 1607; retry with FileRenameInfo.
-            file_rename_info.Anonymous.ReplaceIfExists = true;
+                new.as_ptr().copy_to_nonoverlapping(
+                    (&raw mut (*file_rename_info).FileName).cast::<u16>(),
+                    new.len(),
+                );
+            }
 
-            cvt(unsafe {
+            let result = unsafe {
                 c::SetFileInformationByHandle(
-                    handle.as_raw_handle(),
-                    c::FileRenameInfo,
-                    (&raw const *file_rename_info).cast::<c_void>(),
+                    f.as_raw_handle(),
+                    c::FileRenameInfoEx,
+                    file_rename_info.cast::<c_void>(),
                     struct_size,
                 )
-            })?;
+            };
+            unsafe { dealloc(file_rename_info.cast::<u8>(), layout) };
+            if result == 0 {
+                if api::get_last_error() == WinError::DIR_NOT_EMPTY {
+                    return Err(WinError::DIR_NOT_EMPTY).io_result();
+                } else {
+                    return Err(err).io_result();
+                }
+            }
         } else {
-            return Err(err);
+            return Err(err).io_result();
         }
     }
-
     Ok(())
 }
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/mod.rs
index 1eca346b76c2b..42b4a4d3efda9 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/mod.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ pub mod handle;
 pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod time;
 cfg_if::cfg_if! {
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/xous/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/xous/mod.rs
index 1bd0e67f37162..2f3466ae92f1c 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/xous/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/xous/mod.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 pub mod thread;
 pub mod time;
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/mod.rs
index 054c867f90d8e..dd6967c69c10d 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/mod.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/mod.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ pub mod os;
 pub mod pipe;
 #[path = "../unsupported/process.rs"]
 pub mod process;
-pub mod stdio;
 #[path = "../unsupported/thread.rs"]
 pub mod thread;
 #[path = "../unsupported/time.rs"]
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/stdio/mod.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2a9167bfe966c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#![forbid(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
+
+cfg_if::cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(any(
+        target_family = "unix",
+        target_os = "hermit"
+    ))] {
+        mod unix;
+        pub use unix::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "windows")] {
+        mod windows;
+        pub use windows::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(all(target_vendor = "fortanix", target_env = "sgx"))] {
+        mod sgx;
+        pub use sgx::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "solid_asp3")] {
+        mod solid;
+        pub use solid::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "teeos")] {
+        mod teeos;
+        pub use teeos::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "uefi")] {
+        mod uefi;
+        pub use uefi::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "wasi")] {
+        mod wasi;
+        pub use wasi::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "xous")] {
+        mod xous;
+        pub use xous::*;
+    } else if #[cfg(target_os = "zkvm")] {
+        mod zkvm;
+        pub use zkvm::*;
+    } else {
+        mod unsupported;
+        pub use unsupported::*;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/sgx.rs
similarity index 71%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/sgx.rs
index 726a93acae44b..03d754cb2173f 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/sgx/stdio.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/sgx.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 use fortanix_sgx_abi as abi;
 
 use crate::io;
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-use crate::slice;
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-use crate::str;
 use crate::sys::fd::FileDesc;
 
 pub struct Stdin(());
@@ -70,19 +66,5 @@ pub fn is_ebadf(err: &io::Error) -> bool {
 }
 
 pub fn panic_output() -> Option<impl io::Write> {
-    super::abi::panic::SgxPanicOutput::new()
-}
-
-// This function is needed by libunwind. The symbol is named in pre-link args
-// for the target specification, so keep that in sync.
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn __rust_print_err(m: *mut u8, s: i32) {
-    if s < 0 {
-        return;
-    }
-    let buf = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(m as *const u8, s as _) };
-    if let Ok(s) = str::from_utf8(&buf[..buf.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(buf.len())]) {
-        eprint!("{s}");
-    }
+    crate::sys::pal::abi::panic::SgxPanicOutput::new()
 }
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/solid.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/solid.rs
index 50f0176967b2d..a2ff4bb212ff5 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/solid/stdio.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/solid.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use super::abi;
 use crate::io;
+use crate::sys::pal::abi;
 
 pub struct Stdin;
 pub struct Stdout;
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/teeos/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/teeos.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/teeos/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/teeos.rs
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/uefi/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/uefi.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/uefi/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/uefi.rs
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/unix.rs
similarity index 59%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/unix.rs
index 8c2f61a40de3b..8d133857c596d 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/stdio.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/unix.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
-use crate::io::{self, BorrowedCursor, IoSlice, IoSliceMut};
+#[cfg(target_os = "hermit")]
+use hermit_abi::{EBADF, STDERR_FILENO, STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO};
+#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
+use libc::{EBADF, STDERR_FILENO, STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO};
+
+#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
+use crate::io::BorrowedCursor;
+use crate::io::{self, IoSlice, IoSliceMut};
 use crate::mem::ManuallyDrop;
+#[cfg(target_os = "hermit")]
+use crate::os::hermit::io::FromRawFd;
+#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
 use crate::os::unix::io::FromRawFd;
 use crate::sys::fd::FileDesc;
 
@@ -15,15 +25,16 @@ impl Stdin {
 
 impl io::Read for Stdin {
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDIN_FILENO)).read(buf) }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDIN_FILENO)).read(buf) }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "hermit"))]
     fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> io::Result<()> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDIN_FILENO)).read_buf(buf) }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDIN_FILENO)).read_buf(buf) }
     }
 
     fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDIN_FILENO)).read_vectored(bufs) }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDIN_FILENO)).read_vectored(bufs) }
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -40,13 +51,11 @@ impl Stdout {
 
 impl io::Write for Stdout {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDOUT_FILENO)).write(buf) }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDOUT_FILENO)).write(buf) }
     }
 
     fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDOUT_FILENO)).write_vectored(bufs)
-        }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDOUT_FILENO)).write_vectored(bufs) }
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -68,13 +77,11 @@ impl Stderr {
 
 impl io::Write for Stderr {
     fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDERR_FILENO)).write(buf) }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDERR_FILENO)).write(buf) }
     }
 
     fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        unsafe {
-            ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(libc::STDERR_FILENO)).write_vectored(bufs)
-        }
+        unsafe { ManuallyDrop::new(FileDesc::from_raw_fd(STDERR_FILENO)).write_vectored(bufs) }
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -89,7 +96,7 @@ impl io::Write for Stderr {
 }
 
 pub fn is_ebadf(err: &io::Error) -> bool {
-    err.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::EBADF as i32)
+    err.raw_os_error() == Some(EBADF as i32)
 }
 
 pub const STDIN_BUF_SIZE: usize = crate::sys::io::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE;
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/unsupported/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/unsupported.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/unsupported/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/unsupported.rs
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/wasi.rs
similarity index 98%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/wasi.rs
index fb21cb4d393d0..8105b0cfa2f15 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/wasi/stdio.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/wasi.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![forbid(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
 
-use super::fd::WasiFd;
 use crate::io::{self, BorrowedCursor, IoSlice, IoSliceMut};
 use crate::mem::ManuallyDrop;
 use crate::os::raw;
 use crate::os::wasi::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd};
+use crate::sys::pal::fd::WasiFd;
 
 pub struct Stdin;
 pub struct Stdout;
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/windows.rs
similarity index 99%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/windows.rs
index 1b245991aa797..f17e2f90bc515 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/stdio.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/windows.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 use core::char::MAX_LEN_UTF8;
 use core::str::utf8_char_width;
 
-use super::api::{self, WinError};
 use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
 use crate::os::windows::io::{FromRawHandle, IntoRawHandle};
 use crate::sys::handle::Handle;
+use crate::sys::pal::api::{self, WinError};
 use crate::sys::{c, cvt};
 use crate::{cmp, io, ptr, str};
 
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/stdio/tests.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/windows/tests.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/windows/stdio/tests.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/windows/tests.rs
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/xous/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/xous.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/xous/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/xous.rs
diff --git a/library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/stdio.rs b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/zkvm.rs
similarity index 97%
rename from library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/stdio.rs
rename to library/std/src/sys/stdio/zkvm.rs
index 0bcb54744b0b6..f31c6c26e87cd 100644
--- a/library/std/src/sys/pal/zkvm/stdio.rs
+++ b/library/std/src/sys/stdio/zkvm.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-use super::abi;
-use super::abi::fileno;
 use crate::io::{self, BorrowedCursor};
+use crate::sys::pal::abi::{self, fileno};
 
 pub struct Stdin;
 pub struct Stdout;
diff --git a/src/doc/rustc-dev-guide/src/tests/compiletest.md b/src/doc/rustc-dev-guide/src/tests/compiletest.md
index 2905e470fabd3..4244a932deec6 100644
--- a/src/doc/rustc-dev-guide/src/tests/compiletest.md
+++ b/src/doc/rustc-dev-guide/src/tests/compiletest.md
@@ -415,6 +415,9 @@ Compiletest directives like `//@ only-<target>` or `//@ ignore-<target>` are
 supported in `rmake.rs`, like in UI tests. However, revisions or building
 auxiliary via directives are not currently supported.
 
+`rmake.rs` may *not* use any nightly/unstable features, as they must be
+compilable by a stage 0 rustc that may be a beta or even stable rustc.
+
 #### Quickly check if `rmake.rs` tests can be compiled
 
 You can quickly check if `rmake.rs` tests can be compiled without having to
diff --git a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest/run_make.rs b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest/run_make.rs
index 8900752bd4be8..073116933bdb6 100644
--- a/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest/run_make.rs
+++ b/src/tools/compiletest/src/runtest/run_make.rs
@@ -105,6 +105,11 @@ impl TestCx<'_> {
             .expect("stage0 rustc is required to run run-make tests");
         let mut rustc = Command::new(&stage0_rustc);
         rustc
+            // `rmake.rs` **must** be buildable by a stable compiler, it may not use *any* unstable
+            // library or compiler features. Here, we force the stage 0 rustc to consider itself as
+            // a stable-channel compiler via `RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP=-1` to prevent *any* unstable
+            // library/compiler usages, even if stage 0 rustc is *actually* a nightly rustc.
+            .env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "-1")
             .arg("-o")
             .arg(&recipe_bin)
             // Specify library search paths for `run_make_support`.
diff --git a/src/tools/run-make-support/Cargo.toml b/src/tools/run-make-support/Cargo.toml
index 15ed03ad5c23d..f9beffec75085 100644
--- a/src/tools/run-make-support/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/tools/run-make-support/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,5 +14,9 @@ build_helper = { path = "../../build_helper" }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 libc = "0.2"
 
+# FIXME(#137532): replace `os_pipe` with `anonymous_pipe` once it stabilizes and
+# reaches beta.
+os_pipe = "1.2.1"
+
 [lib]
 crate-type = ["lib", "dylib"]
diff --git a/src/tools/run-make-support/src/lib.rs b/src/tools/run-make-support/src/lib.rs
index d40ec9c4116e7..c846a2d53e5f0 100644
--- a/src/tools/run-make-support/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tools/run-make-support/src/lib.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ pub use bstr;
 pub use gimli;
 pub use libc;
 pub use object;
+// FIXME(#137532): replace with std `anonymous_pipe` once it stabilizes and reaches beta.
+pub use os_pipe;
 pub use regex;
 pub use serde_json;
 pub use similar;
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.demo_le.PreCodegen.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.demo_le.PreCodegen.after.mir
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..49314a64c3fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.demo_le.PreCodegen.after.mir
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// MIR for `demo_le` after PreCodegen
+
+fn demo_le(_1: &MultiField, _2: &MultiField) -> bool {
+    debug a => _1;
+    debug b => _2;
+    let mut _0: bool;
+    scope 1 (inlined <MultiField as PartialOrd>::le) {
+        let mut _11: std::option::Option<std::cmp::Ordering>;
+        scope 2 (inlined Option::<std::cmp::Ordering>::is_some_and::<fn(std::cmp::Ordering) -> bool {std::cmp::Ordering::is_le}>) {
+            let _12: std::cmp::Ordering;
+            scope 3 {
+                scope 4 (inlined <fn(std::cmp::Ordering) -> bool {std::cmp::Ordering::is_le} as FnOnce<(std::cmp::Ordering,)>>::call_once - shim(fn(std::cmp::Ordering) -> bool {std::cmp::Ordering::is_le})) {
+                    scope 5 (inlined std::cmp::Ordering::is_le) {
+                        let mut _13: i8;
+                        scope 6 (inlined std::cmp::Ordering::as_raw) {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        scope 7 (inlined <MultiField as PartialOrd>::partial_cmp) {
+            let mut _6: std::option::Option<std::cmp::Ordering>;
+            let mut _7: i8;
+            scope 8 {
+            }
+            scope 9 (inlined std::cmp::impls::<impl PartialOrd for char>::partial_cmp) {
+                let mut _3: char;
+                let mut _4: char;
+                let mut _5: std::cmp::Ordering;
+            }
+            scope 10 (inlined std::cmp::impls::<impl PartialOrd for i16>::partial_cmp) {
+                let mut _8: i16;
+                let mut _9: i16;
+                let mut _10: std::cmp::Ordering;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bb0: {
+        StorageLive(_12);
+        StorageLive(_11);
+        StorageLive(_5);
+        StorageLive(_7);
+        StorageLive(_3);
+        _3 = copy ((*_1).0: char);
+        StorageLive(_4);
+        _4 = copy ((*_2).0: char);
+        _5 = Cmp(move _3, move _4);
+        StorageDead(_4);
+        StorageDead(_3);
+        _6 = Option::<std::cmp::Ordering>::Some(copy _5);
+        _7 = discriminant(_5);
+        switchInt(move _7) -> [0: bb1, otherwise: bb2];
+    }
+
+    bb1: {
+        StorageLive(_10);
+        StorageLive(_8);
+        _8 = copy ((*_1).1: i16);
+        StorageLive(_9);
+        _9 = copy ((*_2).1: i16);
+        _10 = Cmp(move _8, move _9);
+        StorageDead(_9);
+        StorageDead(_8);
+        _11 = Option::<std::cmp::Ordering>::Some(move _10);
+        StorageDead(_10);
+        StorageDead(_7);
+        StorageDead(_5);
+        goto -> bb3;
+    }
+
+    bb2: {
+        _11 = copy _6;
+        StorageDead(_7);
+        StorageDead(_5);
+        goto -> bb3;
+    }
+
+    bb3: {
+        _12 = move ((_11 as Some).0: std::cmp::Ordering);
+        StorageLive(_13);
+        _13 = discriminant(_12);
+        _0 = Le(move _13, const 0_i8);
+        StorageDead(_13);
+        StorageDead(_11);
+        StorageDead(_12);
+        return;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.rs b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.rs
index bad751edf8419..73ae923a6cb9c 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.rs
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-// skip-filecheck
 //@ compile-flags: -O -Zmir-opt-level=2 -Cdebuginfo=0
 
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
@@ -6,4 +5,29 @@
 #[derive(PartialOrd, PartialEq)]
 pub struct MultiField(char, i16);
 
+// Because this isn't derived by the impl, it's not on the `{impl#0}-partial_cmp`,
+// and thus we need to call it to see what the inlined generic one produces.
+pub fn demo_le(a: &MultiField, b: &MultiField) -> bool {
+    // CHECK-LABEL: fn demo_le
+    // CHECK: inlined <MultiField as PartialOrd>::le
+    // CHECK: inlined{{.+}}is_some_and
+    // CHECK: inlined <MultiField as PartialOrd>::partial_cmp
+
+    // CHECK: [[A0:_[0-9]+]] = copy ((*_1).0: char);
+    // CHECK: [[B0:_[0-9]+]] = copy ((*_2).0: char);
+    // CHECK: Cmp(move [[A0]], move [[B0]]);
+
+    // CHECK: [[D0:_[0-9]+]] = discriminant({{.+}});
+    // CHECK: switchInt(move [[D0]]) -> [0: bb{{[0-9]+}}, otherwise: bb{{[0-9]+}}];
+
+    // CHECK: [[A1:_[0-9]+]] = copy ((*_1).1: i16);
+    // CHECK: [[B1:_[0-9]+]] = copy ((*_2).1: i16);
+    // CHECK: Cmp(move [[A1]], move [[B1]]);
+
+    // CHECK: [[D1:_[0-9]+]] = discriminant({{.+}});
+    // CHECK: _0 = Le(move [[D1]], const 0_i8);
+    *a <= *b
+}
+
 // EMIT_MIR derived_ord.{impl#0}-partial_cmp.PreCodegen.after.mir
+// EMIT_MIR derived_ord.demo_le.PreCodegen.after.mir
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.{impl#0}-partial_cmp.PreCodegen.after.mir b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.{impl#0}-partial_cmp.PreCodegen.after.mir
index 5f4ec1de2701f..de25eebee77ff 100644
--- a/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.{impl#0}-partial_cmp.PreCodegen.after.mir
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/pre-codegen/derived_ord.{impl#0}-partial_cmp.PreCodegen.after.mir
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-// MIR for `<impl at $DIR/derived_ord.rs:6:10: 6:20>::partial_cmp` after PreCodegen
+// MIR for `<impl at $DIR/derived_ord.rs:5:10: 5:20>::partial_cmp` after PreCodegen
 
-fn <impl at $DIR/derived_ord.rs:6:10: 6:20>::partial_cmp(_1: &MultiField, _2: &MultiField) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+fn <impl at $DIR/derived_ord.rs:5:10: 5:20>::partial_cmp(_1: &MultiField, _2: &MultiField) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
     debug self => _1;
     debug other => _2;
     let mut _0: std::option::Option<std::cmp::Ordering>;
diff --git a/tests/run-make/broken-pipe-no-ice/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/broken-pipe-no-ice/rmake.rs
index 54d13b62f4a0e..3e54b576fd421 100644
--- a/tests/run-make/broken-pipe-no-ice/rmake.rs
+++ b/tests/run-make/broken-pipe-no-ice/rmake.rs
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 // Internal Compiler Error strangely, but it doesn't even go through normal diagnostic infra. Very
 // strange.
 
-#![feature(anonymous_pipe)]
-
 use std::io::Read;
 use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
 
-use run_make_support::env_var;
+// FIXME(#137532): replace `os_pipe` dependency with std `anonymous_pipe` once that stabilizes and
+// reaches beta.
+use run_make_support::{env_var, os_pipe};
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 enum Binary {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ enum Binary {
 }
 
 fn check_broken_pipe_handled_gracefully(bin: Binary, mut cmd: Command) {
-    let (reader, writer) = std::io::pipe().unwrap();
+    let (reader, writer) = os_pipe::pipe().unwrap();
     drop(reader); // close read-end
     cmd.stdout(writer).stderr(Stdio::piped());
 
diff --git a/tests/run-make/cross-lang-lto/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/cross-lang-lto/rmake.rs
index dc376b561e43e..50d37460d8dbb 100644
--- a/tests/run-make/cross-lang-lto/rmake.rs
+++ b/tests/run-make/cross-lang-lto/rmake.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 // -Clinker-plugin-lto.
 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/50000
 
-#![feature(path_file_prefix)]
-
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use run_make_support::{
@@ -92,10 +90,17 @@ fn check_bitcode(instructions: LibBuild) {
         llvm_ar().extract().arg(&instructions.output).run();
     }
 
-    for object in shallow_find_files(cwd(), |path| {
-        has_prefix(path, instructions.output.file_prefix().unwrap().to_str().unwrap())
+    let objects = shallow_find_files(cwd(), |path| {
+        let mut output_path = instructions.output.clone();
+        output_path.set_extension("");
+        has_prefix(path, output_path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap())
             && has_extension(path, "o")
-    }) {
+    });
+    assert!(!objects.is_empty());
+    println!("objects: {:#?}", objects);
+
+    for object in objects {
+        println!("reading bitcode: {}", object.display());
         // All generated object files should be LLVM bitcode files - this will fail otherwise.
         llvm_bcanalyzer().input(object).run();
     }
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-107495-archive-permissions/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/issue-107495-archive-permissions/rmake.rs
index f210b7c737b43..228cfb0864e7b 100644
--- a/tests/run-make/issue-107495-archive-permissions/rmake.rs
+++ b/tests/run-make/issue-107495-archive-permissions/rmake.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-#![feature(rustc_private)]
-
-#[cfg(unix)]
-extern crate libc;
-
 #[cfg(unix)]
 use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path::Path;
 
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use run_make_support::libc;
 use run_make_support::{aux_build, rfs};
 
 fn main() {
diff --git a/tests/ui/lifetimes/static-typos.rs b/tests/ui/lifetimes/static-typos.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..941d1b376bce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/lifetimes/static-typos.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+fn stati<T: 'stati>() {}
+//~^ ERROR use of undeclared lifetime name `'stati`
+
+fn statoc<T: 'statoc>() {}
+//~^ ERROR use of undeclared lifetime name `'statoc`
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/lifetimes/static-typos.stderr b/tests/ui/lifetimes/static-typos.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a817fa89c7e54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/lifetimes/static-typos.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+error[E0261]: use of undeclared lifetime name `'stati`
+  --> $DIR/static-typos.rs:1:13
+   |
+LL | fn stati<T: 'stati>() {}
+   |             ^^^^^^ undeclared lifetime
+   |
+help: you may have misspelled the `'static` lifetime
+   |
+LL | fn stati<T: 'static>() {}
+   |                   +
+
+error[E0261]: use of undeclared lifetime name `'statoc`
+  --> $DIR/static-typos.rs:4:14
+   |
+LL | fn statoc<T: 'statoc>() {}
+   |              ^^^^^^^ undeclared lifetime
+   |
+help: you may have misspelled the `'static` lifetime
+   |
+LL - fn statoc<T: 'statoc>() {}
+LL + fn statoc<T: 'static>() {}
+   |
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0261`.