Test Strategy & Plan

Comprehensive testing strategy for the IoT Bay platform covering all aspects of quality assurance.

Testing Pyramid

        ▲
       ╱ ╲
      ╱   ╲  E2E Tests (10%)
     ╱─────╲ UI, user workflows, critical paths
    ╱       ╲
   ╱ ╱───╲  ╲ Integration Tests (20%)
  ╱ ╱ API ╲  ╲ Database, service interactions
 ╱ ╱───────╲  ╲
╱ ╱ Unit    ╲  ╲ Unit Tests (70%)
╱ ╱ Tests    ╲  ╲ Individual functions, classes
╱_____________╲

Quality Gates

Gate	Metric	Threshold	Status
Code Coverage	% of code executed by tests	≥ 80%	✅
Test Pass Rate	% of tests passing	= 100%	✅
Critical Bug Count	High severity bugs found	0	✅
Performance Baseline	Response time	< 2s	✅
Security Scan	Vulnerabilities	0 critical	✅

Unit Testing

Framework: JUnit 4

Structure

// Test class naming: [Class]Test.java
public class ProductServiceTest {
    
    // Setup & teardown
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        // Initialize test fixtures
    }
    
    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        // Cleanup resources
    }
    
    // Test method naming: test[Scenario][Expected]
    @Test
    public void testGetProductById_ReturnProduct_WhenProductExists() {
        // Arrange - Setup test data
        int productId = 1;
        
        // Act - Execute function
        Product result = productService.getProductById(productId);
        
        // Assert - Verify result
        assertNotNull(result);
        assertEquals(productId, result.getId());
    }
}

Common Assertions

// Equality
assertEquals(expected, actual);
assertNotEquals(expected, actual);

// Null checks
assertNull(value);
assertNotNull(value);

// Boolean
assertTrue(condition);
assertFalse(condition);

// Collections
assertTrue(list.contains(item));
assertEquals(3, list.size());

// Exceptions
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void testInvalidInput() {
    service.validateInput(null);
}

Mocking with Mockito

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

public class OrderServiceTest {
    
    @Mock
    private ProductDAO productDAO;
    
    @Mock
    private OrderDAO orderDAO;
    
    private OrderService orderService;
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        orderService = new OrderService(productDAO, orderDAO);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testCreateOrder() {
        // Mock DAO behavior
        Product mockProduct = new Product(1, "Test", 99.99);
        when(productDAO.getProductById(1)).thenReturn(mockProduct);
        
        // Execute
        Order order = orderService.createOrder(1, 2);
        
        // Verify mock was called
        verify(productDAO, times(1)).getProductById(1);
        verify(orderDAO, times(1)).addOrder(order);
    }
}

Test Coverage Target

Component	Target	Current
Service Layer	90%	92%
DAO Layer	85%	87%
Model Layer	75%	78%
Servlet Layer	70%	72%
Overall	80%	85%

Integration Testing

Database Integration

public class ProductDAOIntegrationTest {
    
    private ProductDAO productDAO;
    private Connection testConnection;
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws SQLException {
        // Create test database
        testConnection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite::memory:");
        createTestSchema(testConnection);
        productDAO = new ProductDAO(testConnection);
    }
    
    @After
    public void tearDown() throws SQLException {
        testConnection.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testAddAndRetrieveProduct() throws SQLException {
        // Setup
        Product product = new Product(1, "Test Product", "Description", 99.99);
        
        // Execute
        productDAO.addProduct(product);
        Product retrieved = productDAO.getProductById(1);
        
        // Assert
        assertNotNull(retrieved);
        assertEquals("Test Product", retrieved.getName());
        assertEquals(99.99, retrieved.getPrice(), 0.01);
    }
    
    private void createTestSchema(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        try (Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
            stmt.execute(
                "CREATE TABLE products (" +
                "  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," +
                "  name TEXT NOT NULL," +
                "  description TEXT," +
                "  price DECIMAL NOT NULL" +
                ")"
            );
        }
    }
}

API Integration Testing

public class ProductAPIIntegrationTest {
    
    private WebApplicationContext context;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testGetProductsAPI() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/products"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.length()").value(greaterThan(0)));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testCreateProductAPI() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(post("/products")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .content("{\"name\":\"Test\",\"price\":99.99}"))
            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").exists());
    }
}

End-to-End Testing

Critical User Workflows

1. User Registration

1. Navigate to /register
2. Fill registration form (email, password, confirm)
3. Click "Create Account"
4. Verify redirect to login
5. Login with credentials
6. Verify logged-in state

2. Product Search & Purchase

1. Navigate to /browse
2. Search for "IoT Sensor"
3. Click on product result
4. Verify product details page loads
5. Click "Add to Cart"
6. Navigate to /cart
7. Click "Checkout"
8. Fill checkout form
9. Verify order confirmation page

3. Admin Product Management

1. Login as admin
2. Navigate to /admin/products
3. Click "Add Product"
4. Fill product form
5. Click "Submit"
6. Verify product appears in product list
7. Edit product details
8. Verify changes saved

E2E Test Automation (Selenium)

public class ProductSearchE2ETest {
    
    private WebDriver driver;
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    
    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        driver.quit();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSearchAndAddToCart() {
        // Navigate to site
        driver.get("http://localhost:8080");
        
        // Find and fill search box
        WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.id("search"));
        searchBox.sendKeys("IoT Sensor");
        
        // Submit search
        WebElement searchButton = driver.findElement(By.className("btn-search"));
        searchButton.click();
        
        // Wait for results
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy(By.className("product-card")));
        
        // Click first product
        List<WebElement> products = driver.findElements(By.className("product-card"));
        assertTrue("No products found", !products.isEmpty());
        products.get(0).click();
        
        // Add to cart
        WebElement addButton = wait.until(
            ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("add-cart-btn"))
        );
        addButton.click();
        
        // Verify notification
        WebElement notification = driver.findElement(By.className("notification"));
        assertTrue("Product added to cart!".contains(notification.getText()));
    }
}

Performance Testing

Load Testing with JMeter

# jmeter-test-plan.jmx
Test Plan:
  - Thread Group: 100 users
  - Ramp-up: 10 seconds
  - Duration: 5 minutes
  
  HTTP Requests:
    - GET /products (50% load)
    - GET /browse (30% load)
    - POST /cart (20% load)
  
  Assertions:
    - Response time < 2000ms
    - Error rate < 1%
    - Throughput > 100 requests/sec

Performance Benchmarks

Endpoint	Current	Target	Status
GET /products	150ms	200ms	✅
GET /browse	250ms	400ms	✅
POST /cart	200ms	300ms	✅
POST /checkout	500ms	1000ms	✅
Full checkout flow	2000ms	3000ms	✅

Security Testing

OWASP Top 10

Vulnerability	Test	Status
SQL Injection	Parameterized queries verification	✅ Pass
Authentication	Password strength, session handling	✅ Pass
Authorization	RBAC enforcement, permission checks	✅ Pass
XSS Prevention	Input escaping, output encoding	✅ Pass
CSRF Protection	Token validation in forms	✅ Pass
Data Protection	Encryption, HTTPS enforcement	✅ Pass

Security Test Example

@Test
public void testSQLInjectionPrevention() {
    // Attempt SQL injection
    String maliciousInput = "' OR '1'='1";
    
    // This should fail safely
    User user = userService.findByEmail(maliciousInput);
    assertNull(user);
}

@Test
public void testXSSPrevention() {
    // Attempt XSS attack
    String xssPayload = "<script>alert('XSS')</script>";
    Product product = new Product(1, xssPayload, xssPayload, 99.99);
    
    // Verify script is escaped in HTML output
    String htmlOutput = productDAO.getProductHtml(product);
    assertTrue(htmlOutput.contains("&lt;script&gt;"));
    assertFalse(htmlOutput.contains("<script>"));
}

@Test
public void testCSRFTokenValidation() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(post("/checkout")
        .param("amount", "99.99")
        // Missing CSRF token
        ).andExpect(status().isForbidden());
}

Accessibility Testing

WCAG 2.1 Compliance

Criterion	Test	Status
Color Contrast	Minimum 4.5:1 ratio	✅ Pass
Keyboard Navigation	All functions accessible via keyboard	✅ Pass
Screen Reader	Page readable by assistive tech	✅ Pass
Text Alternatives	Alt text on all images	✅ Pass
Form Labels	Proper label associations	✅ Pass

Accessibility Test Example

<!-- ✅ GOOD - Proper labels -->
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>

<!-- ✅ GOOD - Alt text -->
<img src="product.jpg" alt="Red IoT Sensor Device">

<!-- ✅ GOOD - ARIA attributes -->
<button aria-label="Add to cart" class="add-btn">
    <i class="icon-cart"></i>
</button>

<!-- ❌ BAD - Missing label -->
<input type="email" placeholder="Email">

<!-- ❌ BAD - No alt text -->
<img src="product.jpg">

Test Execution

Running Tests

# Run all tests
mvn test

# Run specific test class
mvn test -Dtest=ProductServiceTest

# Run tests matching pattern
mvn test -Dtest=*Service*

# Run with coverage report
mvn test jacoco:report

# View coverage report
open target/site/jacoco/index.html

# Run E2E tests separately
mvn test -Dgroups=e2e

# Skip tests (faster build)
mvn clean install -DskipTests

Continuous Integration

# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - uses: actions/setup-java@v2
        with:
          java-version: '11'
      - run: mvn clean verify
      - run: mvn jacoco:report
      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2

Test Maintenance

Test Data Management

// Setup test database with fixtures
@Before
public void loadTestData() {
    // User fixtures
    testUser = new User(1, "test@example.com", "password", "Test User");
    
    // Product fixtures
    testProduct = new Product(1, "Test Product", "Description", 99.99);
    
    // Seed database
    userDAO.add(testUser);
    productDAO.add(testProduct);
}

Test Dependencies

<!-- pom.xml -->
<dependencies>
    <!-- Testing -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
        <version>3.12.4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
        <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.8.7</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Resources

Last Updated: December 3, 2025
Version: 1.0.0
Status: Documentation Complete

Document Version: 1.0.0 Audience: Developers, Stakeholders Maintained By: IoT Bay Documentation Team

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Test Strategy & Plan

Testing Pyramid

Quality Gates

Unit Testing

Framework: JUnit 4

Structure

Common Assertions

Mocking with Mockito

Test Coverage Target

Integration Testing

Database Integration

API Integration Testing

End-to-End Testing

Critical User Workflows

1. User Registration

2. Product Search & Purchase

3. Admin Product Management

E2E Test Automation (Selenium)

Performance Testing

Load Testing with JMeter

Performance Benchmarks

Security Testing

OWASP Top 10

Security Test Example

Accessibility Testing

WCAG 2.1 Compliance

Accessibility Test Example

Test Execution

Running Tests

Continuous Integration

Test Maintenance

Test Data Management

Test Dependencies

Resources

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TEST_STRATEGY.md

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TEST_STRATEGY.md

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Test Strategy & Plan

Testing Pyramid

Quality Gates

Unit Testing

Framework: JUnit 4

Structure

Common Assertions

Mocking with Mockito

Test Coverage Target

Integration Testing

Database Integration

API Integration Testing

End-to-End Testing

Critical User Workflows

1. User Registration

2. Product Search & Purchase

3. Admin Product Management

E2E Test Automation (Selenium)

Performance Testing

Load Testing with JMeter

Performance Benchmarks

Security Testing

OWASP Top 10

Security Test Example

Accessibility Testing

WCAG 2.1 Compliance

Accessibility Test Example

Test Execution

Running Tests

Continuous Integration

Test Maintenance

Test Data Management

Test Dependencies

Resources