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#The left plot shows that using 5 samples of the low-fidelity model produces an accurate approximation of the low-fidelity model, but it will be a poor approximation of the high fidelity model in the limit of infinite low-fidelity data. The middle plot shows three samples of the high-fidelity model also produces a poor approximation, but if more samples were added the approximation would coverge to the high-fidelity model. In contrast the right plot shows that 5 samples of the low-fideliy model plus three samples of the high-fidelity model produces a good approximation of the high-fidelity model.
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This tutorial demonstrates how computing statistics for multiple outputs simultaneoulsy can improve the accuracy of ACV estimates of individual statistics when compared to ACV applied to each output separately.
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The optimal control variate weights are obtained by minimizing the estimator covariance [RM1985]_.
#[RM1985] `Reuven Y. Rubinstein and Ruth Marcus. Efficiency of multivariate control variates in monte carlo simulation. Operations Research, 33(3):661–677, 1985. <https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.00125>`_
#As you can see the approximation that targets the uniform norm is "more accurate" on average over the domain, but the interpolant that directly targets accuracy with respect to the desired Beta distribution is more accurate in the regions of non-negligible probability.
#.. [XJD2013] `Chen Xiaoxiao, Park Eun-Jae, Xiu Dongbin. A flexible numerical approach for quantification of epistemic uncertainty. J. Comput. Phys., 240 (2013), pp. 211-224 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2013.01.018>`_
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