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* update 102: add 2/3 compatible
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3 files changed

+326
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lines changed

‎102-Python进阶.ipynb

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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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"metadata": {
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"celltoolbar": "Slideshow",
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"name": "",
5-
"signature": "sha256:b012bfc28c74b9b02d9cb766f98c0297322ab8a8641f07c5c2d0efc6ba03f05a"
5+
"signature": "sha256:c06867bf51936c3a35a4676a61d3df6e0ed4b8b1aedd40593ee91089f9487ba6"
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},
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"nbformat": 3,
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"nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@
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"\n",
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"\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9list\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u5728\u4fbf\u5229\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\n",
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"\n",
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"map/filter\u548c\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u95f4\u65ad\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u9700\u8981\u7528for\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\n",
1095+
"map/filter\u548c\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u77ed\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u9700\u8981\u7528for\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\n",
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"\n",
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"map/filter\u548c\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e0d\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e72\u6270\u201d\u3002\u5373\u8fd0\u7b97\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002for\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u67d0\u5143\u7d20\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\n",
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"\n",
@@ -4827,13 +4827,167 @@
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"* Gedit"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "slide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"# 2/3\u517c\u5bb9\u6280\u5de7\n",
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"\n",
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"3\u57fa\u672c\u4e0b\u884c\u517c\u5bb92\uff0c2\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb93\u3002\u6240\u4ee52/3\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\u9075\u5faa3\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u987e2\u3002"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "subslide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## \u57fa\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6280\u5de7\n",
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"\n",
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"\u5728Python\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6309\u7167pep-8\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\uff1a"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 1
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"\u8fd9\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u662fprint\u53d8\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\uff0cstring\u53d8\u4e3aunicode\u3002"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "subslide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## \u7f16\u7801\n",
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"\n",
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"\u867d\u7136future\u6280\u5de7\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u5185\u5d4c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8estr\u548cunicode\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5982\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"if sys.version_info.major == 3:\n",
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" unicode = str\n",
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"else:\n",
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" bytes = str"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 2
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Python2\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49str\u4e3a\u88f8\u6570\u636e\uff0cunicode\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0cbytes\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002Python3\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49bytes\u4e3a\u88f8\u6570\u636e\uff0cstr\u4e3aunicode\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0cunicode\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u5982\u6b64\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57282/3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528bytes\u8868\u793a\u88f8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528unicode\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "subslide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8bd5\u56fe\u8868\u73b0\u88f8\u6570\u636e\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5185\u5d4c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u52a0b\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8bd5\u56fe\u8868\u8fbe\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5185\u5d4c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u52a0u\u524d\u7f00\u3002"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"print('hello, world')\n",
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"print(u'hello, world')"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"hello, world\n",
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"hello, world\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 3
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "-"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5d4c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6dfb\u52a0b\u6216u\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5904\u5185\u5d4c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u6240\u6298\u8877\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u589e\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u542b\u6df7\u5e26\u8fc7\uff0c\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u518d\u4fee\u6539\u3002\n",
4949+
"\n",
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"\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8d8a\u96be\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u540e\u679c\u8ffd\u67e5\u51fa\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u542b\u6df7\u5e26\u8fc7\u9020\u6210\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u53d6\u820d\u3002"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
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"slideshow": {
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"slide_type": "subslide"
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}
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},
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"source": [
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"## IO\n",
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"\n",
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"Python3\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5373\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u7684b\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bfb\u5199\u65f6\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u88f8\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u7f16\u7801\u3002\n",
4964+
"\n",
4965+
"Python2\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709encoding\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51fa\u4e8e\u517c\u5bb9\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528codecs.open\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u5728Python2/3\u4e0b\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002"
4966+
]
4967+
},
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{
4969+
"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {
4971+
"slideshow": {
4972+
"slide_type": "subslide"
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}
4974+
},
4975+
"source": [
4976+
"## \u5176\u4f59\u7ec6\u8282\n",
4977+
"\n",
4978+
"* \u5c06xrange\u6539\u4e3arange\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5728python2\u4e0b\uff0crange\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n",
4979+
"* urllib.quote\u548cunquote\u6539\u4e3a\u4e86urllib.parse.quote\u548cunquote\u3002\n",
4980+
"* \u67d0\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u5728python2\u548cpython3\u4e0b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982csv\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\u6298\u817e\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9Python2/3\u505a\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\n",
4981+
"* \u4f7f\u7528next(it)\u800c\u4e0d\u662fit.next()\u3002"
4982+
]
4983+
},
4984+
{
4985+
"cell_type": "markdown",
4986+
"metadata": {
4987+
"slideshow": {
4988+
"slide_type": "slide"
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}
4990+
},
48374991
"source": [
48384992
"# \u6700\u540e\u4f5c\u4e1a\n",
48394993
"\n",

‎102-Python进阶.md

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* Eclipse配置
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* PyCharm配置
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* 其他编辑器
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* 2/3兼容性技巧
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* 2/3兼容技巧
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* 基本兼容技巧
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* 编码
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* IO
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* 其余细节
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* 最后作业

‎102-Python进阶.slides.html

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@@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ <h2 id="map-filter-reduce">map/filter/reduce</h2>
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<h2 id="map-filter-for-">map/filter，列表推导式和for循环的比较</h2>
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<p>三者都可以完成对list操作的特定功能，例如筛选出其中某些值，将其中的值转换为另一个值。但是三者在便利程度和使用细节上略有不同。</p>
1432-
<p>map/filter和列表推导式比较间断，适用于相对不是很复杂的情况。真正复杂的情况需要用for来展开。</p>
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<p>map/filter和列表推导式比较简短，适用于相对不是很复杂的情况。真正复杂的情况需要用for来展开。</p>
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<p>map/filter和列表推导式基本假定是“运算不彼此干扰”。即运算某个元素时，不受到其他元素的影响。for没有这一假定，某元素运算时可以受到另一个元素影响。</p>
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<p>一般来说列表推导式比map/filter更简洁一些，因为map/filter需要定义lambda。但是在已经拥有现成函数的前提下，map/filter更加方便一些。</p>
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<ul>
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<li>函数名建议全小写。如果有助于阅读，可以用<em>。如果和关键字冲突，一般会改个名字或者在后面加</em>。</li>
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<li>函数名建议全小写。如果有助于阅读，可以用_。如果和关键字冲突，一般会改个名字或者在后面加_。</li>
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<li>内部使用的全局变量名规则同函数名。</li>
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<li>始终用self来指代对象本身，使用cls来指代类本身。</li>
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<li>常量始终全大写。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div></section>
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</section><section>
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<section>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<h1 id="2-3-">2/3兼容技巧</h1>
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<p>3基本下行兼容2，2不兼容3。所以2/3兼容的基本思想就是遵循3的编写规范，同时兼顾2。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div></section><section>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<h2 id="-">基本兼容性技巧</h2>
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<p>在Python文件的开始，增加以下内容（注意按照pep-8，应该放在什么位置）：</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
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<div class="input">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In&nbsp;[1]:</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="input_area">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">absolute_import</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">division</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">print_function</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unicode_literals</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<p>这会改变几个关键性的兼容性标志。主要是print变为函数，string变为unicode。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
54865532
</div></section><section>
54875533

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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<h2 id="-">编码</h2>
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<p>虽然future技巧修正了内嵌字符串，但是对于str和unicode对象而言，并没有什么变化。因此建议在需要的头部如此定义：</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
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<div class="input">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In&nbsp;[2]:</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="input_area">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">version_info</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">major</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="nb">unicode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
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<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="nb">bytes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span>
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</pre></div>
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5555+
</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<p>Python2中定义str为裸数据，unicode为字符串，bytes没有定义。Python3中定义bytes为裸数据，str为unicode字符串，unicode没有定义。在如此定义后，可以在2/3中，统一使用bytes表示裸数据，用unicode表示字符串。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div></section><section>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<p>同时，在代码中，应该对所有试图表现裸数据语义的代码内嵌字符串对象，加b前缀。对所有试图表达字符串语义的代码内嵌字符串对象，加u前缀。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
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<div class="input">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In&nbsp;[3]:</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="input_area">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;hello, world&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">u&#39;hello, world&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="output_wrapper">
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<div class="output">
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<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
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<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
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<pre>
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hello, world
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hello, world
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</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<p>原则上，应对所有内嵌字符串对象都添加b或u前缀，以明确代码中的每一处内嵌字符串的语义。但是实际上这会大大增加工作量，而且工程实践上并没有特别大的优势。因此往往有所折衷，只在需要澄清的地方增加前缀。其他地方可以含混带过，等需要时再修改。</p>
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<p>但是要注意到，项目越大，往往越难于根据后果追查出是哪个含混带过造成的问题。这里需要小心取舍。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div></section><section>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<h2 id="io">IO</h2>
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<p>Python3下文件打开时要注意是打开为二进制，还是打开为文本。即打开时的b标志位，决定了读写时应使用裸数据还是字符串。如果使用文本方式打开，还需注意编码。</p>
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<p>Python2下没有encoding参数，因此出于兼容考虑，建议使用codecs.open。这个调用在Python2/3下的语义是一致的。</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div></section><section>
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
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<h2 id="-">其余细节</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>将xrange改为range。当然，作为代价，在python2下，range的效率很有问题。</li>
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<li>urllib.quote和unquote改为了urllib.parse.quote和unquote。</li>
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<li>某些库，在python2和python3下行为不一致，例如csv。对于这些库，尽量不要折腾兼容性。直接针对Python2/3做两种不同代码更方便。</li>
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<li>使用next(it)而不是it.next()。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div></section>
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</section><section>
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<section>
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