diff --git a/path.go b/path.go
index dd445d36..15d14f7f 100644
--- a/path.go
+++ b/path.go
@@ -2215,8 +2215,8 @@ func (p *Path) ToPDF() string {
 // ToRasterizer rasterizes the path using the given rasterizer and resolution.
 func (p *Path) ToRasterizer(ras *vector.Rasterizer, resolution Resolution) {
 	dpmm := resolution.DPMM()
+	// TODO: smoothen path using Ramer-... inside flatten
 	p = p.Flatten(PixelTolerance / dpmm) // tolerance of 1/10 of a pixel
-	// TODO: smoothen path using Ramer-...
 
 	dy := float64(ras.Bounds().Size().Y)
 	for i := 0; i < len(p.d); {
@@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@ func (p *Path) ToRasterizer(ras *vector.Rasterizer, resolution Resolution) {
 		}
 		i += cmdLen(cmd)
 	}
-	if 0 < len(p.d) && p.d[len(p.d)-1] != CloseCmd {
+	if !p.Closed() {
 		// implicitly close path
 		ras.ClosePath()
 	}
diff --git a/path_stroke.go b/path_stroke.go
index ce812d2b..2dc84315 100644
--- a/path_stroke.go
+++ b/path_stroke.go
@@ -625,7 +625,8 @@ func (p *Path) Offset(w float64, fillRule FillRule, tolerance float64) *Path {
 	filling := p.Filling(fillRule)
 	for i, pi := range p.Split() {
 		r := &Path{}
-		ccw, closed := pi.CCW(), pi.Closed()
+		ccw := pi.CCW()
+		closed := pi.Closed()
 		rhs, lhs := pi.offset(w, ButtCap, RoundJoin, false, tolerance)
 		if !closed || (ccw != filling[i]) != positive {
 			r = rhs
@@ -634,11 +635,7 @@ func (p *Path) Offset(w float64, fillRule FillRule, tolerance float64) *Path {
 		}
 
 		if closed {
-			if ccw {
-				r = r.Settle(Positive)
-			} else {
-				r = r.Settle(Negative)
-			}
+			r = r.Settle(Positive)
 			if !filling[i] {
 				r = r.Reverse()
 			}
@@ -662,14 +659,8 @@ func (p *Path) Stroke(w float64, cr Capper, jr Joiner, tolerance float64) *Path
 		rhs, lhs := pi.offset(halfWidth, cr, jr, true, tolerance)
 		if lhs != nil { // closed path
 			// inner path should go opposite direction to cancel the outer path
-			if pi.CCW() {
-				q = q.Append(rhs.Settle(Positive))
-				q = q.Append(lhs.Settle(Positive).Reverse())
-			} else {
-				// outer first, then inner
-				q = q.Append(lhs.Settle(Negative))
-				q = q.Append(rhs.Settle(Negative).Reverse())
-			}
+			q = q.Append(rhs.Settle(Positive))
+			q = q.Append(lhs.Settle(Positive).Reverse())
 		} else {
 			q = q.Append(rhs.Settle(Positive))
 		}