diff --git a/Thirdweb.Tests/Thirdweb.Transactions.Tests.cs b/Thirdweb.Tests/Thirdweb.Transactions.Tests.cs
index 8edb1c2..de3e146 100644
--- a/Thirdweb.Tests/Thirdweb.Transactions.Tests.cs
+++ b/Thirdweb.Tests/Thirdweb.Transactions.Tests.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ private async Task<ThirdwebTransaction> CreateSampleTransaction()
         var wallet = await PrivateKeyWallet.Create(client, _testPrivateKey);
         var chainId = new BigInteger(421614);
 
-        var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, wallet, new ThirdwebTransactionInput(), chainId);
+        var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, wallet, new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { From = await wallet.GetAddress(), To = await wallet.GetAddress(), }, chainId);
         return transaction;
     }
 
@@ -24,18 +24,28 @@ public async Task Create_ValidatesInputParameters()
     {
         var client = ThirdwebClient.Create(secretKey: _secretKey);
         var wallet = await PrivateKeyWallet.Create(client, _testPrivateKey);
-        var txInput = new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { From = await wallet.GetAddress() };
+        var txInput = new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { From = await wallet.GetAddress(), To = Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO };
         var chainId = new BigInteger(421614);
         var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, wallet, txInput, chainId);
         Assert.NotNull(transaction);
     }
 
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Create_ThrowsOnNoTo()
+    {
+        var client = ThirdwebClient.Create(secretKey: _secretKey);
+        var wallet = await PrivateKeyWallet.Create(client, _testPrivateKey);
+        var txInput = new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { From = await wallet.GetAddress() };
+        var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentException>(() => ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, wallet, txInput, BigInteger.Zero));
+        Assert.Contains("Transaction recipient (to) must be provided", ex.Message);
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public async Task Create_ThrowsOnInvalidAddress()
     {
         var client = ThirdwebClient.Create(secretKey: _secretKey);
         var wallet = await PrivateKeyWallet.Create(client, _testPrivateKey);
-        var txInput = new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { From = "0x123" };
+        var txInput = new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { From = "0x123", To = Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO };
         var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentException>(() => ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, wallet, txInput, BigInteger.Zero));
         Assert.Contains("Transaction sender (from) must match wallet address", ex.Message);
     }
@@ -150,7 +160,7 @@ public async Task Send_ThrowsIfToAddressNotProvided()
         var transaction = await CreateSampleTransaction();
         _ = transaction.SetTo(null);
 
-        _ = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentException>(() => ThirdwebTransaction.Send(transaction));
+        _ = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(() => ThirdwebTransaction.Send(transaction));
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -268,15 +278,11 @@ public async Task EstimateGasCosts_SmartWalletHigherThanPrivateKeyWallet()
         var privateKeyAccount = await PrivateKeyWallet.Create(client, _testPrivateKey);
         var smartAccount = await SmartWallet.Create(client, personalWallet: privateKeyAccount, factoryAddress: "0xbf1C9aA4B1A085f7DA890a44E82B0A1289A40052", gasless: true, chainId: 421614);
 
-        var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, smartAccount, new ThirdwebTransactionInput(), 421614);
-        _ = transaction.SetTo(Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO);
-        _ = transaction.SetValue(new BigInteger(1000));
+        var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, smartAccount, new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { To = Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO, Value = new HexBigInteger(1000), }, 421614);
 
         var smartCosts = await ThirdwebTransaction.EstimateGasCosts(transaction);
 
-        transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, privateKeyAccount, new ThirdwebTransactionInput(), 421614);
-        _ = transaction.SetTo(Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO);
-        _ = transaction.SetValue(new BigInteger(1000));
+        transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, privateKeyAccount, new ThirdwebTransactionInput() { To = Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO, Value = new HexBigInteger(1000), }, 421614);
 
         var privateCosts = await ThirdwebTransaction.EstimateGasCosts(transaction);
 
@@ -339,9 +345,18 @@ public async Task Simulate_ReturnsData()
         var client = ThirdwebClient.Create(secretKey: _secretKey);
         var privateKeyAccount = await PrivateKeyWallet.Create(client, _testPrivateKey);
         var smartAccount = await SmartWallet.Create(client, personalWallet: privateKeyAccount, factoryAddress: "0xbf1C9aA4B1A085f7DA890a44E82B0A1289A40052", gasless: true, chainId: 421614);
-        var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(client, smartAccount, new ThirdwebTransactionInput(), 421614);
-        _ = transaction.SetValue(new BigInteger(0));
-        _ = transaction.SetGasLimit(250000);
+        var transaction = await ThirdwebTransaction.Create(
+            client,
+            smartAccount,
+            new ThirdwebTransactionInput()
+            {
+                To = Constants.ADDRESS_ZERO,
+                Value = new HexBigInteger(0),
+                Data = "0x",
+                Gas = new HexBigInteger(250000),
+            },
+            421614
+        );
 
         var data = await ThirdwebTransaction.Simulate(transaction);
         Assert.NotNull(data);
diff --git a/Thirdweb/Thirdweb.Transactions/ThirdwebTransaction.cs b/Thirdweb/Thirdweb.Transactions/ThirdwebTransaction.cs
index 470b751..5f50db4 100644
--- a/Thirdweb/Thirdweb.Transactions/ThirdwebTransaction.cs
+++ b/Thirdweb/Thirdweb.Transactions/ThirdwebTransaction.cs
@@ -242,6 +242,11 @@ public static async Task<string> Sign(ThirdwebTransaction transaction)
 
         public static async Task<string> Send(ThirdwebTransaction transaction)
         {
+            if (transaction.Input.To == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Transaction recipient (to) must be provided");
+            }
+
             if (transaction.Input.GasPrice != null && (transaction.Input.MaxFeePerGas != null || transaction.Input.MaxPriorityFeePerGas != null))
             {
                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Transaction GasPrice and MaxFeePerGas/MaxPriorityFeePerGas cannot be set at the same time");