diff --git a/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.5.tree b/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.5.tree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4217144 --- /dev/null +++ b/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.5.tree @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +\title{Fundamental property of étale morphisms} +\taxon{section} +\number{I.5} +\parent{sga1-i} + +\import{sga1-macros} +\put\transclude/numbered{false} + +\subtree[sga1-i.5.1]{ + \taxon{theorem} + \number{I.5.1} + + \p{ + Let #{f\colon X\to Y} be a morphism of finite type. + For #{f} to be an open immersion, it is necessary and sufficient for it to be \em{étale} and \em{radicial}. + } + + \proof{ + \p{ + Recall what "radicial" means: injective, with radicial residual extensions (recall also that it means that the morphism remains injective under any base extension). + The necessity is trivial, and the sufficiency remains to be shown. + We are going to give two different proofs: the first is shorter, the second is more elementary. + } + + \ol{ + \li{ + A flat morphism is open, and so we can suppose (by replacing #{Y} with #{f(X)}) that #{f} is an onto \em{homeomorphism}. + For any base extension, it remains true that #{f} is flat, radicial, and surjective, thus a homeomorphism, and a fortiori closed. + Thus #{f} is \em{proper}. + Thus #{f} is \em{finite} (reference: Chevalley's theorem), defined by a coherent sheaf #{\sh{B}} of algebras. + Now #{\sh{B}} is locally free, and further, by hypothesis, of rank 1 everywhere, and so #{X=Y}. + } + + \li{ + We can suppose that #{Y} and #{X} are \em{affine}. + We can further easily reduce to proving the following: + if #{Y=\Spec(A)}, with #{A} local, and if #{f^{-1}(y)} is non-empty (where #{y} is the closed point of #{Y}), then #{X=Y} (indeed, this would imply that every #{y\in f(X)} has an open neighbourhood #{U} such that #{X|U=U}). + We will then have that #{X=\Spec(B)}, and wish to prove that #{A=B}. + But for this we can reduce to proving the analogous claim where we replace #{A} by #{\widehat{A}}, and #{B} by #{B\otimes_A\widehat{A}} + (taking into account the fact that #{\widehat{A}} is faithfully flat over #{A}). + We can thus suppose that #{A} is \em{complete}. + Let #{x} be the point over #{y}. + By \ref{sga1-i.2.2}, #{\sh{O}_x} is finite over #{A}, and is thus (being flat and radicial over #{A}) identical to #{A}. + So #{X=Y\coprod X'} (disjoint sum). + But since #{X} is radicial over #{Y}, #{X'} is empty. + } + } + } +} + +\subtree[sga1-i.5.2]{ + \taxon{corollary} + \number{I.5.2} + + \p{ + Let #{f\colon X\to Y} be a morphism that is both a \em{closed immersion} and \em{étale}. + If #{X} is connected, then #{f} is an isomorphism from #{X} to a connected component of #{Y}. + } + + \proof{ + Indeed, #{f} is also an open immersion. + } +} + +\p{ + We thus deduce: +} diff --git a/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.tree b/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.tree index 27fd020..2a03ae2 100644 --- a/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.tree +++ b/trees/sga1/sga1-i/sga1-i.tree @@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ \transclude{sga1-i.2} \transclude{sga1-i.3} \transclude{sga1-i.4} +\transclude{sga1-i.5}