Java driver promises should use checked exceptions where possible

[flyingsilverfin]

Problem to Solve

In TypeDB 3.0 drivers, the Java transaction.query() API returns a Promise<QueryAnswer>. However, we know that sometimes, there can be parsing errors, compile errors, etc. that arise before iterating the answers.

In Rust, this same function has the following signature: async Transaction::query(...) -> Result<QueryAnswer>, which indicates that once the .query() is awaited, the result must be inspected. In Java, the way to enforce this is to use a Checked exception:

var promise = transaction.query(...);
promise.resolve(); // should require the user to wrap in a try..catch

Proposed Solution

We should introduce two types of Promise in Java - CheckedPromise, and Promise. When we know the promise-based operation can fail, we should enforce the user catches it by returning a CheckedPromise. Otherwise, it should be an Promise that cannot will not fail (or only throw Runtime exceptions).