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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta content="width=device-width" name="viewport" />
<title>From MathML to AT</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="TPAC-2021-slides.css" />
<!-- To use the Shower framework, include the following two scripts: -->
<script src="shower.js"></script>
<script src="iframe-fixup.js"></script>
<!-- To use the b6+ framework, remove the two scripts above and use this: -->
<!--
<script src="b6plus.js"></script>
-->
<script>
MathJax = {
loader: {load: ['[tex]/mhchem']},
tex: {
inlineMath: [['$', '$'], ['\\(', '\\)']],
displayMath: [ ['$$', '$$'], ['\\[', '\\]']],
packages: {'[+]': ['mhchem']}
},
svg: {
fontCache: 'global'
}
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="MathJax-script" async
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js">
</script>
</head>
<body class="shower fade-in">
<!--=============================================================
Example slides
==============================================================-->
<div class="progress">
<!-- Remove this element if you don't want a progress bar -->
</div>
<section class="slide cover clear" id="start" aria-label="slide">
<h1>From MathML to AT</h1>
<address>MathML WG/Neil Soiffer</address>
<br/><br/>
<p> Gap Analysis: <a href="https://w3c.github.io/mathml-docs/gap-analysis/">w3c.github.io/mathml-docs/gap-analysis</a></p>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Current State of MathML Accessibility</h2>
<h3>Support</h3>
<ul>
<li>Windows: NVDA(+MathPlayer) and JAWS</li>
<li>Apple: macOS and iOS (Safari+VoiceOver)</li>
<li>Linux: Orca</li>
</ul>
<p>Speech, Braille, Navigation</p>
<p>Example: <audio controls><source src="mixed-fraction-NVDA.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"></audio>
<span class="next emerge"> $2 \frac{1}{3} \cdot 9 \frac{5}{8} > 22$</span>
</p>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Ambiguity of Notation</h2>
<h3>Many ways to speak an expression</h3>
<ul>
<li><em>$(0,5)$</em> "open paren 0 comma 5 close paren" vs "point 0 comma 5" vs "open interval from 0 to 5" vs "gcd" vs …</li>
<li>$x'$ – “x prime" vs “first derivative of x” vs "x feet" vs "x minutes"</li>
<li>$x^2$ – “x squared” vs “x superscript 2 end superscript”</li>
<li>$\hat{x}$ – “x hat” vs “x modified above with circumflex”</li>
</ul>
<h3>Authors know what they mean</h3>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Accessibility Tree</h2>
<h3>Current State (<a href="https://w3c.github.io/mathml-aam/#dfn-accessibility-api">MathML Accessibility API Mappings 1.0</a>)</h3>
<ul>
<li>Windows – no mappings</li>
<li>macOS/iOS – recently add MathML-equivalent roles (attributes?)</li>
<li>Linux – some math roles</li>
<li>Android – ???</li>
</ul>
<h3>What should be in the accessibility tree???</h3>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Adding Author Intent</h2>
<ul>
<li>ARIA</li>
<li>CSS</li>
<li>Structured Data</li>
<li>Parallel Markup</li>
<li>Intent/Subject Area</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>ARIA</h2>
<pre>
<math aria-label="the point 0 comma 5">
<mrow >
<mo>(</mo>
<mn class="arg1">0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn class="arg2">5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</math> </pre>
<p>Navigation: nested tagging</p>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>ARIA: if only...</h2>
<ul>
<li>Plain text:
<p> Long A: <audio controls src="a-example-NVDA.mp3">long a</audio></p>
<p> Short A: <audio controls src="a-example-plain.mp3">long a</audio></p>
</li>
<li>Separate braille code (Nemeth/UEB)</li>
<li><em>User</em>-specific text $\frac{1}{x+1}$</li>
<li>Long text strings</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>CSS</h2>
<pre>
<mrow data-intent="point">
<mo>(</mo>
<mn class="arg1">0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn class="arg2">5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
[data-intent="point"] {
--speech: "the point " text(.arg1) "comma" text(.arg2);
}; </pre>
<p>User-stylesheets for user-specific text</p>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Structured data via schema.org RDFa annotations</h2>
<ul>
<li>Experiment that failed</li>
<li>Ideas???</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Parallel Markup</h2>
<pre>
<semantics>
<mrow id="x">
<mo id="x.1">(</mo>
<mn id="x.2">0</mn> <mo id="x.3">,</mo>
<mn id="x.4">5</mn>
<mo id="x.5">)</mo>
</mrow>
<annotation-xml encoding="MathML-Content">
<apply xref="x"> <csymbol>point</csymbol>
<cn xref="x.2">0</cn>
<cn xref="x.4">5</cn>
</apply></pre>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Parallel Markup (2)</h2>
<h3>Cons</h3>
<pre>
</annotation-xml>
</semantics></pre>
<ul>
<li>Complexity</li>
<li>Even less well used than Content MathML</li>
</ul>
<h3>Pros</h3>
<ul>
<li>Part of MathML</li>
<li>csymbol & Wikidata: accessibility + computability</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>New: @intent</h2>
<pre>
<mrow intent="point($1,$2)">
<mo>(</mo>
<mn arg="1">0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn arg="2">5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow> </pre>
<ul>
<li>Open-ended</li>
<li>Defaults</li>
<li>AT generates speech</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide" id="lists" aria-label="slide">
<h2>New: @subject</h2>
<pre>
<math subject="geometry">
...
<math> </pre>
<ul>
<li>Change defaults</li>
<li>Easy remediation: $ \ce{ -CH =CH -C H2 } $</li>
<li>Classification is hard</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="slide final clear" id="end" aria-label="slide">
<h2>Summary</h2>
<h3>Looked At:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Existing: ARIA, CSS, RDFa, Parallel Markup</li>
<li>Additions: @intent, @subject, and defaults</li>
</ul>
<h3>What did we miss???</h3>
<h3>What did we get wrong???</h3>
</section>
</body>
</html>