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SPARQL String. Unicode escapes exclude surrogates
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‎spec/index.html

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@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
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<h2>Abstract</h2>
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<p>
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RDF is a directed, labeled graph data model for representing information in the
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Web. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL query language for
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Web. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL Query Language for
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RDF. SPARQL can be used to express queries across diverse data sources, whether the data is
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stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware. SPARQL contains capabilities for
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querying required and optional graph patterns along with their conjunctions and
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RDF is a directed, labeled graph data model for representing information in the Web. RDF is
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often used to represent, among other things, personal information, social networks, metadata
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about digital artifacts, as well as to provide a means of integration over disparate sources of
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information. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL query language
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information. This specification defines the syntax and semantics of the SPARQL Query Language
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for RDF.
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</p>
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<p>
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The SPARQL query language for RDF is designed to meet the use cases and
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The SPARQL Query Language for RDF is designed to meet the use cases and
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requirements identified by the RDF Data Access Working Group in [[RDF-DAWG-UC]],
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the SPARQL 1.1 Working Group in [[SPARQL-FEATURES]], and the RDF-star Working Group.
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</p>
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</p>
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<p>
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This section of the document, <a href="#introduction">section 1</a>, introduces the SPARQL
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query language specification. It presents the organization of this specification document and
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Query Language specification. It presents the organization of this specification document and
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the conventions used throughout the specification.
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</p>
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<p>
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</section>
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<section id="SparqlOps">
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<h3>Function Definitions</h3>
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<p>This section defines the operators and functions introduced by the SPARQL Query language.
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<p>This section defines the operators and functions introduced by the SPARQL query language.
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The examples show the behavior of the operators as invoked by the appropriate grammatical
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constructs.</p>
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<section id="func-forms">
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<h2>SPARQL Grammar</h2>
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<p>The SPARQL grammar covers both SPARQL Query and [[[SPARQL11-UPDATE]]].</p>
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<section id="queryString">
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<h3>SPARQL Request String</h3>
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<h3>SPARQL String</h3>
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<p>
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A <dfn data-lt="SPARQLRequestString">SPARQL Request String</dfn> is
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a <a>SPARQL Query String</a> or <a>SPARQL Update String</a> and is a Unicode character string
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(c.f. section 6.1 String concepts of [[CHARMOD]]) in the language defined by the following
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grammar.</p>
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<span id="defn_SPARQLRequestString"></span>
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A <dfn>SPARQL string</dfn> is an
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-string">RDF string</a> that
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conforms to the grammar given in this section.
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</p>
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<p class="note">
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An <a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-rdf-string">RDF string</a> is
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a sequence of
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<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-code-point" class="lint-ignore">Unicode code points</a>
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which are <a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-scalar-value" class="lint-ignore">Unicode scalar values</a>.
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Unicode scalar values do not include the
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<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-surrogate" class="lint-ignore">surrogate code points</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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A <dfn data-lt="SPARQLQueryString">SPARQL Query String</dfn> starts
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at the <a href="#rQueryUnit">QueryUnit</a> production.</p>
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<span id="defn_SPARQLQueryString"></span>
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A <dfn>SPARQL query string</dfn> is a
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<a>SPARQL string</a> that conforms to the grammar starting at
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the <a href="#rQueryUnit">QueryUnit</a> production.
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</p>
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<p>
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A <dfn data-lt="SPARQLUpdateString">SPARQL Update String</dfn> starts
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at the <a href="#rUpdateUnit">UpdateUnit</a> production.</p>
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<p>For compatibility with future versions of Unicode, the characters in this string may
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<span id="defn_SPARQLUpdateString"></span>
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A <dfn>SPARQL update string</dfn> is a
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<a>SPARQL string</a> that conforms to the grammar starting at
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the <a href="#rUpdateUnit">UpdateUnit</a> production.
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</p>
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<p>
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For compatibility with future versions of Unicode, the characters in this string may
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include Unicode codepoints that are unassigned as of the date of this publication (see
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[[[UAX31]]] [[UAX31]] section 4 Pattern Syntax). For productions with excluded character
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classes (for example <code>[^&lt;&gt;'{}|^`]</code>), the characters are excluded from the
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range <code>#x0 - #x10FFFF</code>.</p>
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range <code>#x0 - #x10FFFF</code>.
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</p>
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</section>
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<section id="codepointEscape">
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<h3>Codepoint Escape Sequences</h3>
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<p>A SPARQL Query String is processed for codepoint escape sequences before parsing by the
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<p>
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A <a>SPARQL string</a> is processed for codepoint escape sequences before parsing by the
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grammar defined in EBNF below. The codepoint escape sequences for a SPARQL query string
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are:</p>
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are:
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</p>
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<span class="doc-ref" id="table68"></span>
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<table title="Codepoint escapes">
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<colgroup>
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<a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a>
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</td>
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<td>A Unicode code point in the range U+0 to U+FFFF inclusive corresponding to the
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encoded hexadecimal value.</td>
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encoded hexadecimal value, excluding U+D800 to U+DFFF, the
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<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-surrogate">surrogate code points</a>.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<span class="token">'\U'</span> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a>
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<a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a> <a href="#HEX">HEX</a>
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</td>
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<td>A Unicode code point in the range U+0 to U+10FFFF inclusive corresponding to the
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encoded hexadecimal value.</td>
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encoded hexadecimal value, excluding U+D800 to U+DFFF, the
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<a data-cite="I18N-GLOSSARY#dfn-surrogate">surrogate code points</a>.
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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&lt;ab\u00E9xy&gt; # Codepoint 00E9 is Latin small e with acute - é
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\u03B1:a # Codepoint x03B1 is Greek small alpha - α
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a\u003Ab # a:b -- codepoint x3A is colon</pre>
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<p>Codepoint escape sequences can appear anywhere in the query string. They are processed
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<p>
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Codepoint escape sequences can appear anywhere in the query string. They are processed
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before parsing based on the grammar rules and so may be replaced by codepoints with
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significance in the grammar, such as "<code>:</code>" marking a prefixed name.</p>
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significance in the grammar, such as "<code>:</code>" marking a prefixed name.
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</p>
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<p>These escape sequences are not included in the grammar below. Only escape sequences for
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characters that would be legal at that point in the grammar may be given. For example, the
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variable "<code>?x\u0020y</code>" is not legal (<code>\u0020</code> is a space and is not
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permitted in a variable name).</p>
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permitted in a variable name).
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</p>
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</section>
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<section id="whitespace">
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<h3>White Space</h3>
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<li><code><a href="#rDeleteData">DELETE DATA</a></code></li>
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<li>a <code><a href="#rDeleteClause">DeleteClause</a></code></li>
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</ul>
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<p>in a <a data-cite="SPARQL11-UPDATE#terminology">SPARQL Update
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<p>in a <a data-cite="SPARQL11-UPDATE#terminology">SPARQL update
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request</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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<a data-cite="RDF12-CONCEPTS#dfn-blank-node-identifier">Blank node identifiers</a>
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are scoped to the <a>SPARQL Request String</a> in which they occur.
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are scoped to the <a>SPARQL string</a> in which they occur.
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Different uses of the same blank node identifier in a request
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string refer to the same blank node. Fresh blank nodes are generated for each request;
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blank nodes can not be referenced by identifier across requests.</p>
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<p>The same blank node identifier can not be used in:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>two separate basic graph patterns in a SPARQL Query</li>
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<li>two <code><a href="#rModify">WHERE</a></code> clauses within a single SPARQL Update
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<li>two <code><a href="#rModify">WHERE</a></code> clauses within a single SPARQL update
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request</li>
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<li>two <code><a href="#rInsertData">INSERT DATA</a></code> operations within a single
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SPARQL Update request</li>
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SPARQL update request</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Note that the same blank node identifier can occur in different
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<a href="#rQuadPattern">QuadPattern</a> clauses in a [[[SPARQL11-UPDATE]]] request.</p>
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<li>Escape sequences are case sensitive.</li>
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<li>When tokenizing the input and choosing grammar rules, the longest match is chosen.</li>
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<li>The SPARQL grammar is LL(1) when the rules with uppercased names are used as terminals.</li>
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<li>There are two entry points into the grammar: <code>QueryUnit</code> for SPARQL queries,
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and <code>UpdateUnit</code> for SPARQL Update requests.</li>
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<li>There are two entry points into the grammar: <code>QueryUnit</code> for the SPARQL query language
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and <code>UpdateUnit</code> for the SPARQL update language.</li>
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<li>In signed numbers, no white space is allowed between the sign and the number.
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The <code><a href="#rAdditiveExpression">AdditiveExpression</a></code> grammar rule allows for this by
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covering the two cases of an expression followed by a signed number. These
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<section id="conformance">
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<h2>Conformance</h2>
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<p>See Section <a href="#grammar">19 SPARQL Grammar</a> regarding conformance of
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<a>SPARQL Query strings</a>, and section
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<a>SPARQL query strings</a>, and section
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<a href="#QueryForms">16 Query Forms</a> for conformance of query results.
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See section <a href="#mediaType">22. Internet Media Type</a> for conformance
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to the application/sparql-query media type.</p>

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