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d3-emagram.js
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// settings
var margin = {top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 20, left: 30};
var basep = 1050,
topp = 100;
class Emagram {
constructor (divid, width, height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.svg = d3.select(divid).append("svg")
.attr("viewBox", "0 0 " + width + " " + height);
this.initSVG();
this.plotBackground();
}
initSVG (){
// plot width, height
this.w = this.width - margin.left - margin.right,
this.h = this.height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
// groups
this.g = this.svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
this.backg = this.g.append("g");
this.lineg = this.g.append("g");
// x, y scale
this.x = d3.scaleLinear().range([0, this.w]).domain([-80, 45]);
this.y = d3.scaleLog().range([0, this.h]).domain([topp, basep]);
makeBarbTemplates(this.svg);
}
plotBackground (){
this.plotAxis();
this.clipping();
this.plotDryAdiabats();
this.plotMoistAdiabats();
this.plotMixingLines();
}
plotAxis (){
// x: temp
var xAxis = d3.axisBottom(this.x)
.tickSize(-this.h).ticks(10);
this.backg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(0," + this.h + ")")
.call(xAxis)
.selectAll(".tick line").attr("stroke", "#ccc"); // grid lines
// y: log pressure
var plines = [1000,850,700,500,300,200,100],
pticks = [950,900,800,750,650,600,550,450,400,350,250,150];
var yAxis = d3.axisLeft(this.y)
.tickSize(-this.w).tickValues(plines)
.tickFormat(d3.format(".0d"));
var yAxis2 = d3.axisRight(this.y)
.tickSize(5).tickValues(pticks)
.tickFormat("");
this.backg.append("g").call(yAxis)
.selectAll(".tick:not(:last-of-type) line").attr("stroke", "#ccc"); // grid lines
this.backg.append("g").call(yAxis2);
}
// clip adiabats
// .attr("clip-path", "url(#clipper)")
clipping (){
this.g.append("clipPath")
.attr("id", "clipper")
.append("rect")
.attr("x", 0)
.attr("y", 0)
.attr("width", this.w)
.attr("height", this.h);
}
plotDryAdiabats (){
var pp = d3.range(topp, basep+1, 10); // plot points
var dryad = d3.range(-60, 200, 20);
var x = this.x, y = this.y;
var dryline = d3.line()
.x(function(d,i) { return x(potentialTemperature(d, pp[i])); })
.y(function(d,i) { return y(pp[i]); });
var linepoints = []; // dryad x pp matrix
for (var t of dryad){
linepoints.push(Array(pp.length).fill(t));
}
this.backg.selectAll(".dryline")
.data(linepoints)
.enter().append("path")
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "#F5B2B2")
.attr("stroke-opacity", "0.5")
.attr("d", dryline)
.attr("clip-path", "url(#clipper)");
}
plotMoistAdiabats (){
// equal interval moist and dry adiabats
var moistad = [-50, -30, -13.5, 0, 10, 16.6, 22.2, 26.2, 29.5, 32.2, 34.7, 37.0];
var linepoints = moistad.map(function(t){ return moistLapse(t); });
var x = this.x, y = this.y;
var moistline = d3.line()
.x(function(d) { return x(d[1]); }) // temp
.y(function(d) { return y(d[0]); }); // pressure
this.backg.selectAll(".moistline")
.data(linepoints)
.enter().append("path")
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "#A3BCE2")
.attr("stroke-opacity", "0.5")
.attr("d", moistline)
.attr("clip-path", "url(#clipper)");
}
plotMixingLines (){
var pp = d3.range(500, basep+1, 10);
var mixing = [0.001, 0.002, 0.004, 0.007, 0.01, 0.016, 0.024, 0.032];
var linepoints = [];
for (var m of mixing){
linepoints.push(pp.map(function(p){ return [p, dewpoint(vaporPressure(p, m))]; }));
}
var x = this.x, y = this.y;
var mixingline = d3.line()
.x(function(d) { return x(d[1]); }) // temp
.y(function(d) { return y(d[0]); }); // pressure
this.backg.selectAll(".mixingline")
.data(linepoints)
.enter().append("path")
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "#A5D4AD")
.attr("stroke-opacity", "0.5")
.attr("d", mixingline)
.attr("clip-path", "url(#clipper)");
}
/*
sounding data
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
key 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PRES HGHT TEMP DWPT RELH MIXR DRCT SKNT THTA THTE THTV
hPa m C C % g/kg deg knot K K K
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
plot (data){
this.plotTempLine(data);
this.plotDwptLine(data);
this.plotWindBarb(data);
}
clear (){
this.lineg.remove();
this.lineg = this.g.append("g");
}
plotTempLine (data){
var tempdata = [];
var keys = Object.keys(data.levels);
for (var key of keys){
var d = data.levels[key];
tempdata.push({
pres: +key,
temp: d[1],
});
}
var x = this.x, y = this.y;
var templine = d3.line()
.x(function(d) { return x(d.temp); })
.y(function(d) { return y(d.pres); });
var templines = this.lineg.append("path")
.datum(tempdata)
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "#E9546B")
.attr("stroke-linejoin", "round")
.attr("stroke-linecap", "round")
.attr("stroke-width", 2)
.attr("d", templine)
.attr("clip-path", "url(#clipper)");
this.initTooltip(tempdata, data.levels);
}
plotDwptLine (data){
var dwptdata = [];
var keys = Object.keys(data.levels);
for (var key of keys){
var d = data.levels[key];
if (d[2]){
dwptdata.push({
pres: +key,
dwpt: d[2]
});
}
}
var x = this.x, y = this.y;
var dwptline = d3.line()
.x(function(d) { return x(d.dwpt); })
.y(function(d) { return y(d.pres); });
var dwptlines = this.lineg.append("path")
.datum(dwptdata)
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("stroke", "#00A95F")
.attr("stroke-linejoin", "round")
.attr("stroke-linecap", "round")
.attr("stroke-width", 2)
.attr("d", dwptline)
.attr("clip-path", "url(#clipper)");
}
plotWindBarb (data){
var keys = this._cullLevels(data.levels);
var winddata = [];
for (var key of keys){
var d = data.levels[key];
if (key < topp) break;
if (d[6]){
winddata.push({
pres: +key,
dir: +d[5],
speed: Math.round(d[6] / 5) * 5
});
}
}
var self = this;
var barbs = this.lineg.selectAll("barbs")
.data(winddata).enter()
.append("use")
.attr("xlink:href", function (d) { return "#barb"+d.speed; })
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate("+ self.w +","+ self.y(d.pres) +") rotate("+ (d.dir+180) +")"; });
}
_cullLevels (levels){
var keys = [];
var prev = 1000;
var interval = 20;
for (var k of Object.keys(levels)){
if (keys.length == 0) keys.push(k); // surface
if (prev - k > interval && prev % 50 != 0){
keys.push(prev);
}
if (k % 50 == 0){
keys.push(k);
prev = k;
}else if (prev - k > interval){
prev = k;
}
}
return keys;
}
// tooltip
initTooltip(tempdata, levels){
var bisectdata = tempdata.reverse();
var bisect = d3.bisector(function(d){ return d.pres; }).left;
var x = this.x, y = this.y;
var focus = this.g.append("g")
.attr("class", "focus")
.style("display", "none")
.style("font-size", 10);
focus.append("line")
.attr("class", "y-hover-line")
.attr("x1", 0)
.attr("x2", this.w)
.attr("stroke", "#999")
.attr("opacity", 0.7);
var focusY = focus.append("text")
.attr("x", 4)
.attr("dy", -2)
.attr("text-anchor", "start");
var focusTemp = focus.append("g");
focusTemp.append("circle")
.attr("r", 4)
.attr("fill", "#E9546B");
var focusTempText = focusTemp.append("text")
.attr("x", 4)
.attr("dy", -2)
.attr("text-anchor", "start");
var focusDwpt = focus.append("g");
focusDwpt.append("circle")
.attr("r", 4)
.attr("fill", "#00A95F");
var focusDwptText = focusDwpt.append("text")
.attr("x", -4)
.attr("dy", -2)
.attr("text-anchor", "end");
this.g.append("rect")
.attr("width", this.w)
.attr("height", this.h)
.attr("fill", "none")
.attr("pointer-events", "all")
.on("mouseover", showTooltip)
.on("mouseout", hideTooltip)
.on("mousemove", mousemove);
function showTooltip(){
focus.style("display", null);
}
function hideTooltip(){
focus.style("display", "none");
}
function mousemove(){
var p = y.invert(d3.mouse(this)[1]); // get y:pressure of mouse pointer
var i = bisect(bisectdata, p, 1, bisectdata.length - 1);
var d0 = bisectdata[i - 1];
var d1 = bisectdata[i];
var d = (p - d0.pres > d1.pres - p) ? d1 : d0;
var l = levels[d.pres + ".0"];
//console.log(d.pres, l);
focus.attr("transform", "translate(0," + y(d.pres) + ")");
focusY.text(d.pres + "hPa " + l[0] + "m");
focusTemp.attr("transform", "translate(" + x(l[1]) + ",0)");
focusTempText.text(l[1].toFixed(1) + "℃")
.attr("dy", (l[1] < -60) ? 12 : -2);
if (l[2]){
focusDwpt.style("display", null)
.attr("transform", "translate(" + x(l[2]) + ",0)");
focusDwptText.text(l[2].toFixed(1) + "℃")
.attr("dy", (l[2] < -50) ? 12 : -2);
}else{
focusDwpt.style("display", "none");
}
}
}
}
// Meteorology Constants
// https://github.com/Unidata/MetPy/blob/master/metpy/constants.py
var Rd = 287;
var Lv = 2.501e+6;
var Cp_d = 1005;
var epsilon = 18.01528 / 28.9644;
// Meteorology functions
// ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_temperature
function potentialTemperature(t, p){
return (273.15 + t) / Math.pow((1000 / p), 0.286) - 273.15;
}
// integrate moist lapse ratio
// https://unidata.github.io/MetPy/latest/api/generated/metpy.calc.moist_lapse.html#metpy.calc.moist_lapse
function moistLapse(baseT){
var lapse = [];
var dt = 0;
var dp = 10;
// start point
lapse.push([1000, baseT]);
// 1000hPa -> basep(1050hPa)
var t = baseT;
for (var p = 1000 + dp; p <= basep; p += dp){
var dt = moistLapseRatio(p, t);
var temp = t + dt * dp;
lapse.push([p, temp]);
t = temp;
}
lapse = lapse.reverse();
// 1000hPa -> topp(100hPa)
t = baseT;
for (var p = 1000 - dp; p >= topp; p -= dp){
var dt = moistLapseRatio(p, t);
var temp = t - dt * dp;
lapse.push([p, temp]);
t = temp;
if (t < -80) break; // out of plot
}
return lapse;
}
function moistLapseRatio(p, t){
var tk = t + 273.15;
var rs = saturationMixingRatio(p, t);
var frac = (Rd * tk + Lv * rs) /
(Cp_d + (Lv * Lv * rs * epsilon / (Rd * tk * tk)));
return frac / p;
}
function saturationMixingRatio(p, t){
return mixingRatio(saturationVaporPressure(t), p);
}
function mixingRatio(part_pres, tot_pres){
return 0.622 * part_pres / (tot_pres - part_pres);
}
function saturationVaporPressure(temp){
return 6.112 * Math.exp(17.67 * temp / (temp + 243.5));
}
function dewpoint(e){
var v = Math.log(e / 6.112);
return 243.5 * v / (17.67 - v);
}
function vaporPressure(pres, mixing){
return pres * mixing / (epsilon + mixing);
}
// make wind barb svg defs
function makeBarbTemplates(svg) {
var barbsize = 25;
var speeds = d3.range(5, 205, 5);
var barbdef = svg.append('defs')
speeds.forEach(function(d) {
var thisbarb = barbdef.append('g')
.attr('id', 'barb'+d)
.attr("stroke", "#000")
.attr("stroke-width", 0.75);
var flags = Math.floor(d/50);
var pennants = Math.floor((d - flags*50)/10);
var halfpennants = Math.floor((d - flags*50 - pennants*10)/5);
var px = barbsize;
// Draw wind barb stems
thisbarb.append("line").attr("x1", 0).attr("x2", 0).attr("y1", 0).attr("y2", barbsize);
// Draw wind barb flags and pennants for each stem
for (i=0; i<flags; i++) {
thisbarb.append("polyline")
.attr("points", "0,"+px+" -10,"+(px)+" 0,"+(px-4))
.attr("fill", "#000");
px -= 5;
}
if (flags > 0) px -= 2;
// Draw pennants on each barb
for (i=0; i<pennants; i++) {
thisbarb.append("line")
.attr("x1", 0)
.attr("x2", -10)
.attr("y1", px)
.attr("y2", px+4)
px -= 3;
}
// Draw half-pennants on each barb
for (i=0; i<halfpennants; i++) {
thisbarb.append("line")
.attr("x1", 0)
.attr("x2", -5)
.attr("y1", px)
.attr("y2", px+2)
px -= 3;
}
});
}