From 1edeea4c6988aa90d42dad0c4ee7f1190e5c0f80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: zackbatist Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2025 16:39:10 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Built site for gh-pages --- .nojekyll | 2 +- CITF-Postdoc.bib | 85 ++++++++++++++++++++++++- ethics-protocol.pdf | Bin 51465 -> 51460 bytes notes.html | 4 +- notes/methodology-notes.html | 117 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- research-protocol.pdf | Bin 70374 -> 70379 bytes search.json | 4 +- sitemap.xml | 2 +- 8 files changed, 206 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/.nojekyll b/.nojekyll index 9f23ca0..19eaed5 100644 --- a/.nojekyll +++ b/.nojekyll @@ -1 +1 @@ -b5089ff3 \ No newline at end of file +b3355f65 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/CITF-Postdoc.bib b/CITF-Postdoc.bib index 34e47d8..eae2cf3 100644 --- a/CITF-Postdoc.bib +++ b/CITF-Postdoc.bib @@ -17702,6 +17702,19 @@ @inbook{flick2000 file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Flick 2000 - Episodic Interviewing.pdf} } +@book{flick2018, + title = {The {{Sage Handbook}} of {{Qualitative Data Collection}}}, + editor = {Flick, Uwe}, + date = {2018}, + publisher = {Sage Reference}, + location = {Los Angeles}, + abstract = {Qualitative research has now established itself beyond the original disciplines like sociology, anthropology and education in fields such as nursing, medicine, social work, psychology, information science and political sciences. As qualitative research has expanded, so have the number of different methods and approaches for data collection. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection provides an overview of the methodological developments available to social science researchers}, + isbn = {978-1-4739-5213-3}, + pagetotal = {708}, + annotation = {OCLC: on1010566433}, + file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Flick 2018 - The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection.pdf} +} + @article{flinn2019, title = {Rogue Archives: Digital Cultural Memory and Media Fandom}, shorttitle = {Rogue Archives}, @@ -29694,7 +29707,7 @@ @article{kelle2005 urldate = {2022-09-08}, abstract = {Since the late 1960s Barney GLASER and Anselm STRAUSS, developers of the methodology of "Grounded Theory" have made several attempts to explicate, clarify and reconceptualise some of the basic tenets of their methodological approach. Diverging concepts and understandings of Grounded Theory have arisen from these attempts which have led to a split between its founders. Much of the explication and reworking of Grounded Theory surrounds the relation between data and theory and the role of previous theoretical assumptions. The book which initially established the popularity of GLASER's and STRAUSS' methodological ideas, "The Discovery of Grounded Theory", contains two conflicting understandings of the relation between data and theory—the concept of "emergence" on the one hand and the concept of "theoretical sensitivity" on the other hand. Much of the later developments of Grounded Theory can be seen as attempts to reconcile these prima facie diverging concepts. Thereby GLASER recommends to draw on a variety of "coding families" while STRAUSS proposes the use of a general theory of action to build an axis for an emerging theory. This paper first summarises the most important developments within "Grounded Theory" concerning the understanding of the relation between empirical data and theoretical statements. Thereby special emphasis will be laid on differences between GLASER's and STRAUSS' concepts and on GLASER's current critique that the concepts of "coding paradigm" and "axial coding" described by STRAUSS and Juliet CORBIN lead to the "forcing" of data. It will be argued that GLASER's critique points out some existing weaknesses of STRAUSS' concepts but vastly exaggerates the risks of the STRAUSSian approach. A main argument of this paper is that basic problems of empirically grounded theory construction can be treated much more effectively if one draws on certain results of contemporary philosophical and epistemological discussions and on widely accepted concepts developed in such debates. This especially refers to the critique of naive empiricism, to the concept of hypothetical or abductive inference, to the concept of empirical content or falsifiability of statements and to the concept of corroboration. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0502275}, langid = {english}, - file = {/Users/zackbatist/Zotero/storage/L7TSBYWH/Kelle 2005 - Emergence vs. Forcing of Empirical Data A Crucial Problem of Grounded Theory Reconsidered.pdf} + file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Kelle 2005 - Emergence vs. Forcing of Empirical Data A Crucial Problem of Grounded Theory Reconsidered.pdf} } @inproceedings{keller1990, @@ -30760,6 +30773,24 @@ @book{kitzes2017 file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Kitzes et al 2017 - The Practice of Reproducible Research.pdf} } +@article{kitzinger1994, + title = {The Methodology of {{Focus Groups}}: The Importance of Interaction between Research Participants}, + shorttitle = {The Methodology of {{Focus Groups}}}, + author = {Kitzinger, Jenny}, + date = {1994}, + journaltitle = {Sociology of Health \& Illness}, + volume = {16}, + number = {1}, + pages = {103--121}, + issn = {1467-9566}, + doi = {10.1111/1467-9566.ep11347023}, + url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11347023}, + urldate = {2025-02-17}, + abstract = {What are focus groups? How are they distinct from ordinary group discussions and what use are they anyway? This article introduces focus group methodology, explores ways of conducting such groups and examines what this technique of data collection can offer researchers in general and medical sociologists in particular. It concentrates on the one feature which inevitably distinguishes focus groups from one-to-one interviews or questionnaires – namely the interaction between research participants - and argues for the overt exploration and exploitation of such interaction in the research process.}, + langid = {english}, + file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Kitzinger 1994 - The methodology of Focus Groups the importance of interaction between research participants.pdf} +} + @article{kivela2014, title = {Multilayer Networks}, author = {Kivelä, Mikko and Arenas, Alex and Barthelemy, Marc and Gleeson, James P. and Moreno, Yamir and Porter, Mason A.}, @@ -37838,6 +37869,22 @@ @article{morgan2018a file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Morgan 2018 - The consequences of framing digital humanities tools as easy to use.pdf} } +@inbook{morgan2018b, + title = {Focus {{Groups}}}, + booktitle = {The {{SAGE Handbook}} of {{Qualitative Data Collection}}}, + author = {Morgan, David L. and Hoffman, Kim}, + date = {2018}, + pages = {250--263}, + publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd}, + location = {1 Oliver's Yard,~55 City Road~London~EC1Y 1SP}, + doi = {10.4135/9781526416070.n16}, + url = {https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-handbook-of-qualitative-data-collection/i1877.xml}, + urldate = {2025-02-17}, + bookauthor = {Flick, Uwe}, + isbn = {978-1-4739-5213-3 978-1-5264-1607-0}, + file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Morgan and Hoffman 2018 - Focus Groups.pdf} +} + @article{morgan2019, ids = {morganAvatarsMonstersMachines2019,morganAvatarsMonstersMachinesundefined/ed}, title = {Avatars, {{Monsters}}, and {{Machines}}: {{A Cyborg Archaeology}}}, @@ -40848,6 +40895,24 @@ @article{park2021 file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Park 2021 - An Actor-Network Perspective on Collections Documentation and Data Practices at Museums.pdf} } +@article{parker2006, + title = {Focus Group Method and Methodology: Current Practice and Recent Debate}, + shorttitle = {Focus Group Method and Methodology}, + author = {Parker, Andrew and Tritter, Jonathan}, + date = {2006-04-01}, + journaltitle = {International Journal of Research \& Method in Education}, + volume = {29}, + number = {1}, + pages = {23--37}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + issn = {1743-727X}, + doi = {10.1080/01406720500537304}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01406720500537304}, + urldate = {2025-02-17}, + abstract = {This paper considers the contemporary use of focus groups as a method of data collection within qualitative research settings. The authors draw upon their own experiences of using focus groups in educational and ‘community’ user‐group environments in order to provide an overview of recent issues and debates surrounding the deployment of focus group methods and to pick out specific areas of contention in relation to both their epistemological and practical implications. Accordingly, the paper reflects on some of the realities of ‘doing’ focus groups whilst, at the same time, highlighting common problems and dilemmas which beginning researchers might encounter in their application. In turn, the paper raises a number of related issues around which there appears to have been a lack of academic discussion to date.}, + file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Parker and Tritter 2006 - Focus group method and methodology current practice and recent debate.pdf} +} + @article{parker2014, title = {Archaeology in the {{Third}} and {{Fourth Dimensions}}: {{A Case Study}} of {{3D Data Collection}} and {{Analysis From Prince Rupert}}, {{BC}}, {{Canada}}}, author = {Parker, A. and Eldridge, M.}, @@ -54555,6 +54620,24 @@ @article{wickler2016 file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Wickler 2016 - The Centrality of Small Islands in Arctic Norway From the Viking Age to Recent Historic Period.pdf} } +@article{wilkinson1998, + title = {Focus Group Methodology: A Review}, + shorttitle = {Focus Group Methodology}, + author = {Wilkinson, Sue}, + date = {1998-01-01}, + journaltitle = {International Journal of Social Research Methodology}, + volume = {1}, + number = {3}, + pages = {181--203}, + publisher = {Routledge}, + issn = {1364-5579}, + doi = {10.1080/13645579.1998.10846874}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.1998.10846874}, + urldate = {2025-02-17}, + abstract = {This paper introduces and reviews the use of focus group methodology across the social sciences, identifying three different research traditions within which it has been used. It examines some key considerations affecting the use of focus groups, and highlights three central features of focus group research: providing access to participants' own language, concepts and concerns; encouraging the production of more fully articulated accounts; and offering an opportunity to observe the process of collective sense-making in action. Finally, the paper outlines some of the issues in the analysis of focus group data-an area with considerable potential for future development.}, + file = {/Users/zackbatist/Library/CloudStorage/Dropbox/zotero/Wilkinson 1998 - Focus group methodology a review.pdf} +} + @article{wilkinson2019, title = {Towards an {{Archaeological Theory}} of {{Infrastructure}}}, author = {Wilkinson, Darryl}, diff --git a/ethics-protocol.pdf b/ethics-protocol.pdf index a81053502e9fbe2830f7618c4125728c479b1363..69d9b9f87c3c2eced05719f6659c64c8aa70bd9c 100644 GIT binary patch delta 6489 zcmaiYWl$Sh)NMbG zYp!;Y{OyFh%or{Wcm8j+<2>)wgCXP8ia^Wb7`M?JEO@0sNriiDJ2Sl4yP7($v62T{ zZO1}HVfXV%&E9H!bY{oHO{hv9orPaOLEu`p`=Xk#%%Pq|UA$)O@|uLzvRC?6YiK^J zURionL4W2gLY(v%JH)!tcZPN!wiq-A+BeBvI3(J&W9xyhL{aKKJI!Gi*bY|aT8h7^ zVOJshsjj*AmdgqzQ8U6|a4%`$QB0$?tyNIwfe?%idb6$+Z3V>`AfqRcD>e$#)wXol zDEjB+fTx{G1YpE4h2GTGmi;&W3Bac6RXD)mnMt@6VuEtT_2ZEx$5U4zxInL%{>n5k z|4VWcz*fzlOq&%f`(Z#M5d*lv3b;}6&k!M8EjfD9`Z9_6PDL!$IoSYw{IGrDj$I>) z()u3aNW0j*ceXX1vpU?==_EyvL}4eGI(>$YKR#V;UU_fZZNcLxOi zsh>v%eQ|o7O(i{6ul2e}uRUs}xtv}1?d)njR0^`bEpATc6*PsOH)WW_T`A1Koc@PF zQj_aad+zZMtgpe834zQW?YH72j1c-}AJ16GY_;gk!y0c9y9v~JNu+?yI$Kh!F3&Oj z(V@RB(?a<}OYkl;y=o@htZnP+JTqv)Elxy|b$0M6uuWa?o#gGAJ&HOvTl(!cX33pA zJ<7+smZ9&Qi#@M*(}PiU>JkXS{}72bSug-^OddG-e?(B>!N(Hgh4zy5~f$cC0j>6AXUAFZ>a99~Glj?t?-2C2&d zL)s8UClix+{MHkcq4~yuRC=H;z2O9Xk^r_Ri8eKa7dxsh_-Q?c9=_bidJM3vH&H_p zS!^G_I2o%xRV}34Fq|1ZLy43`J;nK%rNZcprcY5rzGCr;6JtdS-_T#z6y$4nD842^ zv$Pj#ci35BUPMO7(+wSXrmL4L7jb2QCS*Wkczf}7n5;E~AjdsN{o?C%bQf9RxnFAA z$(DEymaj?eE!^O>^RTC%-)_D4qULy7KLNeHvO@MmtC0;eP%`T9+J(p+vY=RCPdg zd~x0F&i3K~4h^Y8i8Y7(IJEuTz8GI5)fz&?R_J&TxAk~XLmBCDsr$C4@_YPm_mi?< zFfF3H6KIZ@8J?WZma^#KygWO3Gh`xkft>l(IvJ1b94BlYwdn{!P!0sr;Jo<0v^cuu zwh5cYSGu*P2=aaF>xv*Hr0a;J6E_<^8HKmx$&=W8K$zoq1v(tsesVgfd~k{M6_WX2 zlyQo}Y;k|c7F~wFn#oHuO&?wg2p}o(+;QAhiA+TRym6JSlA3yR02|;eWa|i!{Zfc9 zkh6{#Gi@F_m4Al>XHpn^B|qmY7WA`ux}iivZLW;RljfBjosjp&sy?#GvYRmtN4k!(g( zseO2kp71C^=ENrl0F;w9Oo3|lysKr*>Wy1QZO*yfpI^e%9NkL6u7lezW#Tr|+;Q(N zGIr{GnuGMJYQK+xhgzlAI@6`6FD_PThGAy#>ou8AxxzL7HkV093Blk?$%l5Vux9W2 zI<@#>fQw-i`!R%NaBBh+7cSJ8wNPC7PM8DxYsO5W0(K;$qvvb_2uCU@-Y7j%zt7dY zb8rBtRvDcwm`9YlbH99lCynqZE1!G`7G5^LTodCFb-P^Ie%}=_uu;?Y35#Lv=4QU8 zvA?2J7OKM+HZY1lv^~V@h(t?CV;)Z5RKzRJ`x;QC!1;HgiBlurr`b|xtZ3l5!$i#T zw}lwFbS+p&*eqC}sgJ9o1~Rc+tsn2xyZzxG>83_jf9F51r>hvWs(zF@X5GOfCE2hJ zQOwSd-z97~f>ZvB7N*ON5c-dlwR@fZdVAL`m(L-2zvmDfFFZLl71|=uiVyd8VG-tT z@yvlfgw|69&dXv*b+PTo%^uYYOFWSZ;u6OqZ_=T)@9>YC_)!joiL-o6EeK4j4AY+|y$49u;U3W>u$Gichy#L9Ys2zd#S^(gSW2kfpT6X8P1XKWW)~&IS1*Q2VM34cgUdv^YBo~ zdYV{-gt1FJ6X6s1LOB_ujb_U1P+=Zwi=6b$P)rrXh{d6D7Az>2odt{Bf#6onE4k4ChhPjC)RGmJi2Zoa zs`oYqD1T+wUd5%cU(?`Qdhq7+S}9l)olrSjQlNAzgc--R;&gNs&VEp6-_WCg@=NMi z++BISn(T2IW8QLmy?pe}6?JfZrrf$Kg%F({4LDHK(T&VQn#o#4q|_V@@!UQ<_5D7T|F2jj zjbstp5p*R5*wzj-7}2a8o@Rk*CCyB+EcNMx54R=_UkjddWzKvPXw=c6RjsC$U$c>q zA}}do*|1c6i35bIHZo&YAWe1r6~@5{@x-n6t4#8~C*Iw6-NCsvrMovFeuHko9*Z-r z)(zNkM{?a7qzvYs0p+E=FpHnFkaYeqhjiD9-bp|J*L3&q6$uQ`1Gb zloK}p=xH5~@$z4Z*8P>}3d87To7YH^_cng>-DMt6Whux{^RInKr#A7I9LnBrg*K-`2baYa%_T# zYIP^rci;6k{z%qiyYQ&^<1v&nZMsms>=dQY;^!Ycf#_ma-J7ct-kdFsC+7_L*=xm7 zKF3{vx}^hij3Yp4B$0Jc~>fILEMaL@{>5 zu7B!N;=Pu(T{i23*>ab81b(f-N^=Eva(0LN36@XN_=$|Y!*g=*i~`E63<_U9KHUB~ za|xEn9h*8~ry3_ELp|8EGmj&_233dU(`aET@NVluug9~|MyKO@k%`&5Q!|J+1@bKz zx5*@8YEct@B~v!~NjLUI;+8U_yW2Mc^d!j;A?pf(rXbnx8v>xmOvGoy*pw~0YyrIG zuz`iVCVE6eoAO*`+C~oT(O2Z^P^6c=#pUI`A*=_r`6!`d7w9lU;LiRE%u#0*+x>zHnT4=YKOC7SjZ4}KuEV2)BXLG$g5^Dr2+ONZFyQjgkLLZ~-M-OsTwrCCHhCNfJNRi2GJ zc5|-sD$y{Xw(D3TL3ETJWqICEnm4tlgoy2w_#hh?4FV&j#Xeeb#rQ-6EIOWjTO3bl z$p7Jqqr&i0Yt;B*omoa4rv7{gzk$JuuhGBd>`;gEJ*pD??w5nz$jrtH`WLyqW~Fq) z$|LMxJ^9GOM1q7$NzKMyVmI|E?+faE?&a#@TGlIMoC<$^7J~b|U5S4+`+04e(?>Q@ zeO+^dKj#9Ea@dz?eWg$s=_Eeh2RvcjF9^E9MItBXBD$Xr%l@|I=X2zi?f4VmXNPvr z(8VRpX)U_+@5ZUpYDk_(SH{Bk{9Z2gH@Z_4b0s_dGTQ~t*{Y8|!=AR)nSBV5=5#u3 z=o-X~=D;g>6^$^Wm7kd7j;|KF(s;wolm4SK-`!M*{qXG@CY12>jp}^ofHOZ4fAzq< zo-CbHA?vdZ5#_YQXx;mE^hJC1Flm}X;ft4-!VGcx>HCIWj*bkX&Kra6q`EG&Zf;_o zQn$bvf@oHL9*f+0KXqKSn#Z6Ww2X{&^XxsGgznEiuk;4)?dGvKcpMh4WFr62Fn` z+D0O<>54K594!qJS?jt;zb-f9K3Eq?lGS)EtK31J^T}9Y;ddy9ZVZH#t_EAx98+)( zFVtY&xdHJ-WoEY+Bs7czC)?gt;4Jg~PXg9gr z8FrsA$UMGEdR>*^C6e0@f|;t*)m509FUec~K^Pvbt@lXf^xG%s6}B~}UkJc0UxW!I z-RKfFZ9rM-G48Y%u6D4oMh(2B(Sh_O6i$Rz^#v*Dq&@4HAxkxz=yYJy7L;oU#c># zA=ceTa)HFj2FW`M+Lhra0!GZ|+S%HUB#affs@89Gvz7{o3xFodsQ_?YT3PMES&VVP zTffY=F>WtJV;YlZKY9pGO>;xycwYA9dHcj(K;Pmbf$NU6Um61)2A-e`;M5e%7zG9V z&>wPadp4OY^c6257{HVXOeJA<2rfSW!D8+QNh}=2z=WESZ;8i!!AOS^Hde>y3Ndi? z8GT1TIbgzPY*OJa(C7~nz)yblMYEFVuz;j@HXo`$3sCgJ$#41glu%IL$}(jDwAr4Y zO{+!*;S_<<_JK5nl>233qf#jXfe4XM97be>!+^w%56^!5aC;b0f<9DHbfg@iuV&Vt zvNmb^S~%85OeFsx)kJ8FdP`hxg;-yRTswtZff+#e6$Fv=Ih%|yfzZ=hG94%@7kTFh zrW#C?03Ph)#s*9RO9_g3-CeM)_oY=7u~2Da}f z72bLIFzhq3-%w(Qn4e*FEV_tFh!jbaTLtSfbn-q6H@`3nV!-&xLf=HnqbbofGY%() zhn`w97KR~5xPl|#P@9==@?Jt9u?h!NL1uX>OR!tOQ)A7kfF>@5;p$$ke~b2--=e;$ znGVKVl3XtHbFy40(n*P#UAd(DNOQM4x67NPcpB08P&DWwXa24mWQz!ei^&)x0f7?W zf3{n5SH5oQt&YB#ylmRP^V#)?5E29Tob!!dUvmc+sFPo`FjFZtpLhi(se|0Uu%{mP zV7qV!(Yejfwo)B1HLO@s3vdhiY&{MY5r;3{d)x!bs-1a?K!5j@6icF7OGw%zfgTT+cb8TojW{2umByrUs3dO`lA67H59~MvH2;hx^?K@779-g>#;$ zPnX8G0}T?7ZQ`3;OX-Eq_iH}r{f;1o3+kz}shkNj?+?@}knqgK6}Hl=X56`cwW>`X zbk#~<%cGH6T5^Bi)|%fpW?TB%6cbd_UT#(Fpoh7DA*(Pg%B^}mqTolPF9MxsO)zIm zSc~AMigF(%K_H?yLW4?!gYRy8tA@cE$Go5P{nWS`25MPks11YdjdZ%lKol>D`r->M zjF&x){?;EP>7C1b*>k#_%whhgl|@ZG(6wcq`m>bzn^&RN7yZK)c|U~2%1)QP9<203 zyS1juM~nGe8QxmuJ{@ZE1LuSW&J4qIC&vrxY-gigp@?jMvy9xPYl0-#KYPA^=D{Q0 z_uQs>BW5KNeyzH})j`WffG-KZt!uBsEsfs?(6U&xPxet zaE^J}rZ6oMxV-L>f3q3>W~XymL0LtYytj`eS35FlrO}I@Z@2#0hW;(h&iFxQ~H?(zwpCHXqw1L?!=SF_wlX>q z%hd?q&S?bm<5g>y>vN`2Kr7y>3J!tRG2Zj^-FyrX?g@BU6QA)*TRJ?EIfTR_SAIGo*gp^Kpee94 zQoAbzsZE$4RqX*yvLy0yLIcWC(Aohxwt+Zjg`UAk)8$11e+r%) zt|R5xBdplND3#sVjefE7q<=TBSOAM-Q38#^qUoY)T&#BaL8su*%@*NuU0vsa{~UeS~i<_ zIOhob`n7hpGl$19VC%-nS*50@IeL2s;%x4=+SKXgSK7?tM`t1(@Of@AZJ53KMZm+P dN!lf^^}`e5QYkcQV}u?@0FQ-5;qOBGe*m%@WBmXC delta 6492 zcmai2RZtv?k_`@nYl2H~cY*|Wx8UyXZi5U=7(#G&cZXmBg1ZdCHArA^cia2kZq?S? zpZ)9V>YsD^RQKryB_c#8BGi{F!0{wiD3AhU`3}TEI*zyt&T~FzI+k0^(Dqk^jp9YT)hNf1NCwODGz7@H zhW*%UQ`PYqI^KL&;W!)HQNPT^G@m%01Jk{-;P0b^B8jtpvPP zm3(|nBX9FL#sz^@)z2_QJ4}Ocycr;1-8uKfj0wpZBXWj`8|OKa!p>aYAiNQ011VWS zNuAyuzerrF4J|ALZ=+-~!q;B-R}JVR8W8XMF2L$bOc}8KVKwaNW;e;xG!y)TL+JAZ zZ`m|g&8b0Lgk{w7w_V=Pv4#6TeVqlYGtS0C_}3 z0soWpTQN@1aE#!@8Qy#$@IU?_6T9F-72ZMs@+NPxwsf@@G0q>txhdET*;9S27l-fZ zd}8o@c#>)7Xd%gXGY{179U&=kM3)lNM>_`8%$kho*X*|8i zmK{Ev+%Nk|f`eYrPQ37eKEZ;NeW3Xn^_vHm(2L0NU~fuUnBw|1tIFr0XZ_MB=*BX0 z-4lyQ`_kxwS&GZ@p{DkS3VKVInJ^0dKi0%1?==G(>&!VN!wEZ(I57888m>9(CJ>C@ z#=%^pwXx5H3n}11BML-?bir*hrafulF&TL%x@NNk1cA1jfyP+&QZX6lB%VJx1{Mjj zQ}UgHFHUDH8>5q}lbaj&iD@2PH&u&h+QH~qoHeK^q0T~cD`*@_g6Z_K=kve1x@^#E--%VepJ4Z?)lM% zM-3IYDc9|NOD%iVCBnmx&7wq z;F|y!UH8@>l)kMIE(uW?br_!)o1IsB$Gdub@Q!AaG;|1(+Ep2V0{_v-WMjuwPJ*bj z7Z$H&E=8yDL=w~}+V67t#&W;=d=8crZOW~SKD~dqYr5$!=9Geu6AhvuC(j%7F+DaG zh759SE}{rSw2nwzIbP-$b;wTIy)_acr8RPz_jR2PUx`-J9PahKby!2*mY)5CUtgau z7l6JgO54K%f!!fGuNOOA%FTAiXjPl85rjdvyJ~|98~JfMQrb5oHB=HXq14Xaq=1|5(GtAmJB7zs2T($qcU&5$3a$ z7N&TNFpB620KqaruuHV!2F(Zzoy6Sw#HUm$+58qbXr?reY(6n#jC&Nk^fcYq++qw+ zlkNE&DUJw_6-`7LJ@gx{ovfs26FKU`9Ic*`wC?$YB8~_jS}vY%Rs6KQ6qO!nB6^>_ zyH6xf@wazJ1WC5)<}!{8H(fs_olIQz>auTaAa#6X%fYdr6~!^Z5E6#*8NBa7emunu46Ymk9T}?zT^npMjrpcsQ9OkY)&`4H{=W?{oM(?7h z*}4{VfkyrC=|$&k{))jDV!#H~9AEc-i`enl@c{}_HtEKHTI1WFr`k2#BRaoEA`qf>NS7`@YFFB=|WgA*^lk|vhZ2Y#<*r~9^HW7v1oGoi5 zb65r1hE-X~Uv55?9-_GaU1-{zeLp>Q#TXiYU4{?B|@A9n$9V*K1^30kYHq^e%Qm$Z%X!Vo%tp>`;|*{AOTk`}CtmTs2%!vR&liP>FuWU`7InXHiO^!24CR1( z^1{oR#m{yjj6pT5>Du|WBBcnS`Cb&41xjesW1n&VOg;L$IrOJJAl%^fh#X>0(6e?j zaWyrup+wS-LZaQf`8!uHXZ3D~L0ZndefIu2iI2bB;u)^uv$Nd)F1jQ`9Y9i?mI^We zB5${6f?;>lu(<|B7d#K(pw+HmJ}Vz z#niK`_0ez%SoZstP8t1=q7HxEk(xTnPWkMz`? z5R^^m)(DD8>%|7PiO<|?CJq#+UBC)O5Y9Jg!HP!*kICh2Z=Iqq^ z_}^s+(5{VNJ|&)Piur(ljNSwVNOjaY@ZMy*h)2o98oMUule2V~uZLkn%}qYyYiO zK|OJxW;kU@0g9!(Gd#Vw!S*hKmHi38LZSL^#9Mc&lLxF1V8hom;iRo?U6K+31Anud zktl1XC7b+5pMxg$sl`+&Zlr*^4{g>O8lHh$2$EhE(>LuwFO_vRe;zG?gCPNKE1Rxm zyYKKiQ-ZSCBs;b$o%Wzx>IYNesa&CU2^G#zC`M-yFI)HhvVa0@N#N3Y483yZ=n4u} zIr#wVbbp7HH^a99s7Kg+8DJkTMEzIl(%K9lF9^hdSvMFBZk9`pj4^Z?zqZ z0du=X!PeN{)iX=*&~cMWiL$k1%NEeR9v1Ir#5t3gEi@0m{z@%_;1>lk6TZ>Yz4NUB z_N@xYUAJB}u-3)oH68;awt!+7W9}NII|qZTt71Z8$GKAwyhm?`*tV7mnkdD*fO2a05s0*zydI2oC=ILuP{nYKw& z>r_h$-2Q3}O|p@t4tW5|T8|C#8*9Rjw%?z-AoF$XKuaHVB+w128@4(-+xA{Jfp0k` zm>k1N3PNO7{iDY=bL6r6yANvqWw7xOECfUSTtipnLfDrJcXW>6{pyx zX_7zUK90?OzEpP@Ew67j!04&|i%flgUsOO5{nBaKr^aTxaPkb7-_jo)ozt;U_@e1G z1klzu7PPHvRMw$3tE&XS&Z3j=?vGf;%^hjMpY}?;K#eqC0wP2|?YcMAlRkFpM+1ZTDZ>`UreXwP( z6m497^WXUsPrha#L_mt-X=N+4p9oinOLoAzR$E+0e;*pHz}1iqWKFiI@T+0GsY@{s zi94+*HqgEF$^{liJZYN$F64}{LylCABw_l~^WDN3wS^Cg?ak}b#yj^YjKS%Q42y#E zX@YZ@Q%_VhWQrf&k5$x#AW40Z7QXKMda|`FfH6xb-{O0E8Rf`Rx)s)c@srW*gaq&kHZkQJK-=14TCL-I_|VIy#5ZZgx#MnZ5aTQ*`9V;@ZCWU$==i%!?s zeyzyI=F>>Zbt5fS^iit_`QqTYzF-+MM$>?UcgIH^t(|%x>tSz4E#SB{SV^SmMB#EO z_*3xd^E_4*Jr{eO+OZ*hYAd}@j8#RUI3am04XdKFTP*h-5Wn`i(s6E~wm~D>T2?o! zywI?G`-UypMWdvFfTVBt1#~b;vACDpe|Fur29i}yQ<(S`t>cS!?k;b{O1RGard@g6 zv=hWjaXcvswu~uIi;OuldAbTxpW5?wBOS^wt)eP6#!y{gEpqbfA*_(1N}AS1D5(w4 za7653K4)tL{*syBFT~{qqxuN^9gfrts8`0P9yYJX`$C~L{w$|~Hw=MJa^{@{Q3R8i z#2py^zZvSas`qz9~Ajm9$I;T{BP$BwlSo z6(^Akt_WN??@rW%>#lPOy80aPw^H!TaXo4Fx&@^{Z&Thu?z$n^vYw7Rcs#)1vYYTi zDnsNfm@7Mm!YFE1yCkN>>`$cx zT1kQ{@O*K9Dhh3cS^lb;7K+ok}?`AYl%%go}e|(s?s_2APdkA)IJw?DwMg zV}JF`knqHiRO{EQetmgIwKn1dd!l^l_h?(wf;BFy5%-h$AR6mL-uNRDE3MTwD$A>v9(@LG@u3#EAtS{jRgm8qmIBDK;6 zR?^jOjhw+6t4O4|$&R4j3T&A+SeIl4r)bP180GS*GJ zYqMd?vvio&N58{{ar^<(&tT2NnJX0owZj4!?bbC_+Q5ZReE8xr=wX%8dOhXM9s72~ ztDN|_SjOU?vT^zmK@=UhRx>7C5-p70Rv&b6nKe0n?M0AHNf{drYeUKzl>70D&wDd4 zt$_)iu+FJ%t)*8eT$dKY_${&wg@GyA>+SaBDy1oT9%d<$?RwX;m9+76H-R-U#GAJ( zJrXfMkbUeSEoU8iEVVJJ3JYBE3uyP`l_VicGZjkz`xt=Ntxk^-XqXsVwBjb(En5l@ zFe6aF-hksz?LrrDs#=Ym$6a>e!XQp17P^ewXTM_>j?n3W#uC6^-i!wYJ#hJ~ym&ph zh%k%6D-l|qXq+B1_b1k#>!kxzPkY+5Uyf13f<)GGOjIvH*5IUGYl*aKBOdv;aHD&S zEuav~rET@={?b^_eoADrB>zYG8t{$+`@uHrDO;$$$*jr(a{qhP4zO3a}NAF{QaiZ-&_Iv(XGDr^%?Y?XK#MK9>_8q6SY8OE%uK5fk`V) zAbjNjk4h5rA+BFS)=zQ5q z7i0V}W;K^}n4u^4_1U9fA_Irf0#{6^wF zdi`T&{bwSpWyT=G(t99Z>HSH@eimXH!4zJ{Nf)x;&Y-oj>#CHRex2#mE9e&3@w|Wiayq_FX}ZPxspM)c zC_sc!Oq9-k&UrQ+9536j@Xj)`lSoyp>(HWe3TCUZ#O>JsqX4KPQai4*5`;8N?|;qg ze@wL79++CgWVOI_Jzqm$dO#sS1b0sJyu=bhmHz(k>u|3~!WN6;O6zAjF_3AxjL(YhGkAra97T5RR+|Ya)uccTOdKN841ST7*4DP zO$8zZVcl+b5H#RwO3D1*ntxcU)@_p%J4ez* zOzpywL%b_*|B2L%th;-NCgI{KX@}dxraKU&?DAuO>_~XW^gB?nyv1E@G-VZx_>eCZ z?)-NCM`sFkWzOg#j#78!kE4h6O(<2XAXW3%%}f@b9F`m8?YFZ_e%L>58$W4rh(wZ? zQ;?H~kH?am$3oDYpO;6FOTgU1+QQP>g2&v3m&;sK56_4=~jH5IM#vRiR$tGc@D)!2pRe49XIWe9Gf`m9-C?wm&7a zoY*u4HIQOsNTE-JQtnZ`i{Zp(sYisDHCZ20KdJ|i)*~3!qey(kNvcl!Sb!;6kF82_^D5+{2b&t8d(74HvF{hQu^GPlyfIekM;^8=*qw2hh>UsL2BU3;#=n#Q*>R diff --git a/notes.html b/notes.html index f4a18d1..7b4dc24 100644 --- a/notes.html +++ b/notes.html @@ -307,9 +307,9 @@

Notes

cases, brainstorming - + -Feb 14, 2025 +Feb 17, 2025 Methodology notes diff --git a/notes/methodology-notes.html b/notes/methodology-notes.html index 5140bea..29c6e93 100644 --- a/notes/methodology-notes.html +++ b/notes/methodology-notes.html @@ -295,6 +295,7 @@

On this page

  • Observations
  • Field notes
  • Recording video
    • +
  • Focus groups
  • QDA
      @@ -344,7 +345,7 @@

      Methodology notes

      Modified
      -

      February 14, 2025

      +

      February 17, 2025

      @@ -767,6 +768,108 @@

      Field notes

      Recording video

      +
      +

      Focus groups

      +

      From Kitzinger (1994); Wilkinson (1998); Parker and Tritter (2006); Morgan and Hoffman (2018).

      +
      +

      Crucially, focus groups involve the interaction of group participants with each other as well as with the moderator, and it is the collection of this kind of interactive data which distinguishes the focus group from the one-to-one interview (c.f. Morgan 1988), as well as from procedures which use multiple participants but do not permit interactive discussion (c.f. Stewart and Shamdasani 1990). The ‘hallmark’ of focus groups, then, is the ‘explicit use of group interaction to produce data and insights that would be less accessible without the interaction found in a group’ (Morgan 1997: 2).

      +
      +

      Wilkinson (1998) identifies three key features of focus group methods:

      +
        +
      1. providing access to participants’ own language, concepts and concerns;
        2. +
      +
        +
      • “The relatively free flow of discussion and debate between members of a focus group offers an excellent opportunity for hearing ‘the language and vernacular used by respondents’”
        • +
      • Useful for gaining insight into participants’ conceptual worlds on their own terms
        • +
      • “Sometimes, the participants even offer the researcher a ‘translation’ of unfamiliar terms or concepts”
        • +
      • “Focus group interactions reveal not only shared ways of talking, but also shared experiences, and shared ways of making sense of these experiences. The researcher is offered an insight into the commonly held assumptions, concepts and meanings that constitute and inform participants’ talk about their experiences.”
        • +
      +
        +
      1. encouraging the production of more fully articulated accounts;
        2. +
      +
        +
      • “In focus groups people typically disclose personal details, reveal discrediting information, express strong views and opinions. They elaborate their views in response to encouragement, or defend them in the face of challenge from other group members: focus groups which ‘take off’ may even, like those run by Robin Jarrett (1993: 194) have ‘the feel of rap sessions with friends’.”
        • +
      • “Even when bcus group participants are not acquainted in advance, the interactive nature of the group means that participants ask questions of, disagree with, and challenge each other, thus serving ‘to elicit the elaboration of responses’ (Merton 1987: 555).”
        • +
      • “Other ethical issues in focus group research stem from group dynamics, insofar as participants can collaborate or collude effectively to intimidate and/or silence a particular member, or to create a silence around a particular topic or issue, for example. In such cases, it falls to the group moderator to decide whether/how to intervene, and it can be difficult to balance such conflicting goals as ensuring the articulation of accounts, supporting individuals, and challenging offensive statements.”
        • +
      +
        +
      1. and offering an opportunity to observe the process of collective sense-making.
        2. +
      +
        +
      • Focus groups also offer an opportunity for researchers to see exactly how views are constructed, expressed, defended and (sometimes) modified during the course of conversations with others, 1.e. to observe the process of collective sense-making in action. This is likely to be of particular interest to researchers working within a social constructionist framework, who do not view beliefs, ideas, opinions and understandings as generated by individuals in splendid isolation, but rather as built in interaction with others, in specific social contexts: as Radley and Billig (1996: 223) say, ‘thinking is a socially shared activity’. In a focus group, people are confronted with the need to make collective sense of their individual experiences and beliefs (Morgan and Spanish 1984: 259).
        • +
      +

      Wilkinson (1998) addresses opportunities and challenges in analyzing focus group data using content analysis and ethnographic techniques.

      +

      With regards to content analysis:

      +
      +

      the main advantages of content analysis are to allow for a relatively systematic treatment of the data and to enable its presentation in summary form. … the researcher has first to decide on the unit of analysis: this could be the whole group, the group dynamics, the individual participants, or the participants’ utterances

      +
      +
      +

      Morgan (1997) proposes three distinct ways of coding focus group data: noting whether each group discussion contains a given code; noting whether each participant mentions a given code; and noting all mentions of a given code (i.e. across groups or participants). Once the data have been coded in one (or more) of these ways, the question of whether to quantify them is a further issue. Morgan (1993) argues the value of simple ‘descriptive counts’ of codes (stopping short of using inferential statistical tests, whose assumptions are unlikely to be met in focus groups)

      +
      +

      And with regards to ethnographic analysis:

      +
      +

      Its main advantage is to permit a detailed interpretative account of the everyday social processes of communication, talk and action occurring within the focus group. The key issue in ethnographic analysis is how to select the material to present (whether this is framed up as ‘themes’, ‘discourses’, or simply as illustrative quotations), without violating the ‘spirit’ of the group, and without losing sight of the specific context within which the material was generated. … A particular challenge is how to preserve the interactive nature of focus group data: a surprising limitation of published focus group research is the rarity with which group interactions are analysed and reported ( c.f. Carey and Smith 1994, Kitzinger 1994a). Extracts from focus group data are most commonly presented as if they were one-to-one interview data, often with no indication that more than one person is present; still more rarely does interaction per se constitute the analytic focus.

      +
      +
      +

      Kitzinger (1994) elaborates on the interactive nature of focus groups, which she identifies as the methods’ core feature.

      +
      +

      Focus groups are group discussions organised to explore a specific set of issues sucb as people’s views and experiences … The group is ‘focused’ in the sense that it involves some kind of collective activity - such as viewing a film, examining a single health education message or simply debating a particular set of questions.

      +
      +
      +

      Even when group work is explicitly included as part of the research it is often simply employed as a convenient way to illustrate a theory generated by other methods or as a cost-effective technique for interviewing several people at once. Reading some such reports it is hard to believe that there was ever more than one person in the room at the same time. This criticism even applies to many studies which explicitly identify their methodology as ‘focus group discussion’ — in spite of the fact that the distinguishing feature of focus groups is supposed to be the use of interaction as part of the research data.

      +
      +
      +

      It would be naive, however, to assume that group data is by definition ‘natural’ in the sense that it would have occurred without the group having been convened for this purpose. It is important to note that although, at times, the focus groups may approximate to participant observation the focus groups are artifidally set up situations. Rather than assuming the group session unproblematically and inevitably reflects ‘everyday interactions’ (although sometimes it will) the group sbould be used to encourage people to engage with one another, verbally formulate their ideas and draw out the cognitive structures which previously have been unarticulated.

      +
      +

      On the active role of the facilitator:

      +
      +

      Sessions were conducted in a relaxed fashion with minimal intervention from the facilitator - at least at first. This allowed the facilitator to ‘find her feet’ and permitted the research participants to set the priorities. However, the researcber was never passive. Trying to maximise interaction between participants could lead to a more interventionist style: urging debate to continue beyond the stage it might otberwise have ended, challenging people’s taken for granted reality and encouraging them to discuss the inconsistencies both between participants and within their own thinking.

      +
      +

      On the role of the presentation or activity:

      +
      +

      Such exercises not only provided invaluable data from each group but allow for some cross-compadsons between groups. Each discussion session has its own dynamic and direction — when it comes to analysis it is extremely useful to have a common external reference point such as that provided by the card game or the use of vignettes (Kban and Manderson 1992).

      +
      +

      On complementary interactions:

      +
      +

      The excbange between the research participants not only allows the researcher to understand which advertisement they are talking about but to gather data on their shared perception of that image.

      +
      +
      +

      Brainstorming and loose word association was a frequent feature of the research sessions.

      +
      +
      +

      people’s knowledge and attitudes are not entirely encapsulated in reasoned responses to direct questions. Everyday forms of communication such as anecdotes, jokes or loose word association may tell us as much, if not more, about what people ‘know’. In this sense focus groups ‘reach the parts that other methods cannot reach’ - revealing dimensions of understanding that often remain untapped by the more conventional one-to-one interview or questionnaire.

      +
      +
      +

      In addition to the advantages discussed above fo exampie, discussing whether they had the ‘right’ to know if another child in the piay group bad had virus asserted that ‘you think of your own first’. It was this phrase, and these sort of sentiments, which seemed to capture their consent and resulted in nods of agreement round the group and assertions that ‘that’s right’ and ‘of course’. Indeed, it was often the strength of the collective reaction that highlighted the specific context within which the research participants experienced AIDS information.

      +
      +

      On argumentative interactions:

      +
      +

      the group process however, is not only about consensus and the articulation of group norms and experiences. Differences between individuals within the group are equally important and, in any case, rarely disappear from view. Regardless of how they are selected, the research participants in any one group are never entirely homogenous. Participants do not just agree with each other — they also misunderstand one another, question one another, try to persuade each other of the justice of their own point of view and sometimes they vehemently disagree.

      +
      +
      +

      Such unexpected dissent led them to clarify why they thpught as they did, often identifying aspects of their personal experience which bad altered their opinions or specific occasions which had made them re-think their point of view. Had the data been collected by interviews the researcber might have been faced with ‘arm chair’ theorizing about the causes of such difference but in a focus group these can be explored ‘in situ’ with the help of the research participants.

      +
      +
      +

      Close attention to the ways in which research participants tell stories to one another aiso prevents the researcber from assuming that she knows ‘the meaning’ of any particular anecdote or account.

      +
      +
      +

      Parker and Tritter (2006) discuss “key issues relating to the complexity and necessity of considering sampling issues within the context of focus group research and the implications this has for the collection and analysis of resultant data.”

      +

      Identifies some common logistical impetus for focus groups, relating to acquisition of funding:

      +
      +

      Increasing pressure from research funding organizations to adopt multiple-method research strategies and the fact that focus groups generate far more data than a range of other methods in relation to face-to-face contact between researchers and participants, has added to [the method’s popularity].

      +
      +

      Calls out the conflation between focus groups and group interviews:

      +
      +

      A similarly pervasive trend in and around academic discussion of qualitative research methods is that focus groups are sometimes seen as synonymous with group interviews and it is this issue which constitutes our second point of contention. … In keeping with the views of a number of other writers in this field, we are of the opinion that there is a fundamental difference between these two research techniques and that the critical point of distinction surrounds the role of the researcher and her/ his relationship to the researched (Smithson, 2000). In group interviews the researcher adopts an ‘investigative’ role: asking questions, controlling the dynamics of group discussion, often engaging in dialogue with specific participants. This is premised on the mechanics of one-to-one, qualitative, in-depth interviews being replicated on a broader (collective) scale. A relatively straightforward scenario ensues: the researcher asks questions, the respondents relay their ‘answers’ back to the researcher. In focus groups the dynamics are different. Here, the researcher plays the role of ‘facilitator’ or ‘moderator’; that is, facilitator/moderator of group discussion between participants, not between her/himself and the participants. Hence, where focus groups are concerned, the researcher takes a peripheral, rather than a centre-stage role for the simple reason that it is the inter-relational dynamics of the participants that are important, not the relationship between researcher and researched (see Kitzinger, 1994a; Johnson, 1996).

      +
      +
      +

      Part of the problem of achieving this kind of interactional synergy in data collection is that, despite their collective interests, participants may not always be keen to engage with each other, or alternatively, may know each other so well that interaction is based on patterns of social relations that have little to do with the research intent of the focus group. The need to consider the impact on interaction of the constitution of the focus group requires that close attention be paid to methods (and outcomes) of recruit ment. … issues of sampling and selection are likely to prove crucial in relation to the form and quality of interaction in a focus group and therefore the kinds of data one gathers and the extent to which participants share their opinions, attitudes and life experiences.

      +
      +

      A large part of what follows is an extremely honest account of the challenges involved in recruiting participants to sit for focus groups. The pressure on students to recruit their friends impacted their views on what views were represented and not represented. Moreover, they draw attention to the role of timing and convenience in recruitment strategy, and representativeness of expressed viewpoints.

      +

      I found it hard to take notes on this since it comes off as a continuous stream of conciousness. However it should still be read from top to bottom to get a sense of practical challenges that are not commonly addressed, save for among veterans and in private circles.

      +
      +

      Morgan and Hoffman (2018)

      +

      QDA

      @@ -977,6 +1080,9 @@

      Writing

      Kelle, Udo. 2005. “"Emergence" Vs. "Forcing" of Empirical Data? A Crucial Problem of "Grounded Theory" Reconsidered.” Forum: Qualitative Social Research 6 (2): 133–56. https://doi.org/10.17169/FQS-6.2.467.
      +
      +Kitzinger, Jenny. 1994. “The Methodology of Focus Groups: The Importance of Interaction Between Research Participants.” Sociology of Health & Illness 16 (1): 103–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11347023. +
      Knorr Cetina, Karin. 2001. “Objectual Practice.” In The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory, edited by Theodore R. Schatzki, Karin Knorr Cetina, and Eike von Savigny, 175–88. London; New York: Routledge.
      @@ -1007,6 +1113,12 @@

      Writing

      Mitchell, Richard G., and Kathy Charmaz. 1996. “Telling Tales, Writing Stories: Postmodernist Visions and Realist Images in Ethnographic Writing.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 25 (1): 144–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124196025001008.
      +
      +Morgan, David L., and Kim Hoffman. 2018. “Focus Groups.” In The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection, by Uwe Flick, 250–63. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526416070.n16. +
      +
      +Parker, Andrew, and Jonathan Tritter. 2006. “Focus Group Method and Methodology: Current Practice and Recent Debate.” International Journal of Research & Method in Education 29 (1): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01406720500537304. +
      Ragin, C C. 1999. “The Distinctiveness of Case-Oriented Research.” Health Services Research 34 (December):1137–51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1089057/.
      @@ -1073,6 +1185,9 @@

      Writing

      Weitzman, Eben A. 2000. “Software and Qualitative Research.” In Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, 2nd ed., 803–20. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
      +
      +Wilkinson, Sue. 1998. “Focus Group Methodology: A Review.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 1 (3): 181–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.1998.10846874. +
      Yazan, Bedrettin. 2015. “Three Approaches to Case Study Methods in Education: Yin, Merriam, and Stake.” https://biblioteca.unisced.edu.mz/bitstream/123456789/3279/1/Three%20Approaches%20to%20Case%20Study%20Methods%20in%20Education_%20Yin%20Merriam.pdf.
      diff --git a/research-protocol.pdf b/research-protocol.pdf index 0741cb3e65393bf97f0180fde4ef53aa70d9e43b..5127c80cb2882a0810a75b24fd5006db5092c8e1 100644 GIT binary patch delta 8917 zcmaiZRZv}lvMlcIf#B{A!QCwo+}(m_<9oAk2=4B|-QAtw8eBqf3-0i8Pt~is=j;B@ z%tv=m*L2N(5!^`;TyBSw&g6S;wd~xtfIj(gfcs@+`46NO&1t*GV&}6U7+~L921=txfIb{*gcLq*VZ0~ zFR&XS(@3i05YO~J1Yr}>8FH>J0eOlP3#o1ohvG<4j$TWUA*JVIuI8~pIby>;vYDgC zg%Ksfg-|RdQE2M{#3-%j@QrY^dH7E95|#Z)fqbC^7+ftBAOfzwtu%864x03tahOf1 zQh7QM-6g#wsM-I%&Is2+k{xH0wxYMg65lHoEYzuF`!hNJ_RsXSpPL4#sU_!wA zlt?DJYC}ADNyDXbP2T{)S1EBG-X5nw^kz-%LXn(6e%sUY-H`3QmZ7C+Rs^-DGa3J; za!J+`RhWh83D>Z)OqnZncbgy%_KTx{_5{nu9EditUyTa&s}qt*aDs@ z`rjYz`o8leDa9oa7FvF943B$A2?rf9t1C82=xea$V=&G}oPUIuN2NMW{d~{7h+@}9 zSMZajzwZ1Z7a=Rln}{0mV#HbUdB*>!rZFIFV5(gqZqIvOu=CWH>)~R>ko`FCYly^vG~By^NEt*-pf#%vM_-b}S%f7T>8`(LnG>Ea z`OqQGQxjS5Vgds5piIZir-EX3h{5@b4C!(4@oQVxU6GD2P?`BXMpG-5F#oSfPJ|Pe zN^a!2oa>c+#@o}i(DU8xGjRRYmx)-!7koQ%A~!46-Ltn^{*!$9)#IcyBDiJc+@t$p zzFDBrzAlY{mo#SaKneJQSy8_6%)Yxi-F*ew__#RW+m6cI@%0zvA<>!5o==Z$z@6CJ z%HZ*vPEt2}#*bVU>wyN%NU&E5?w02J&_Srhv(#hD;mDbfh(qoq4$y^`gi!w(4?8k1 zEo~-37tJ*i|96TPyj4KxkT}T{?dK^0hNVF?X%A-UJ1-195B<@)FSb*v0{3tV2Z~+BX@VGn5(GWG@G<18i^X`-s1Si-7* zWe)y9WQBmKfU(nuvI9`=caaFAA;RqRA@5KYupwZ^TZ+3&dj#22dlsxBD}>2=*gGDw zM5@vUt4i7Efdna!keO^}KV0*%3R?K|N2p%ufrx$j=O|T?7VG|Xvgm*QSFTi*9p^=n zi;F4w8`?@$7)imstVF6QKL=w`H5`NUCSf25H-YVdv@ID7VBS0TM~hzFej+VYGrDV& z)8@-%zA+NCjvD6Vh+FClS;Ei{OH<9mL(!VQ&Qsy$zd`Bo_PQ2~T}hWjPLe>#kRm`i zrXqEk-L)hh&X}li?Tt=+6ipldx`k=M6?MVkKcc6{|0cTA(M+NivL&`AU`YJ`xA&jm zteg@tq7f54!|4I8|B_+ctbGv2e`NS=g)1V%>0CD09^3L{$?h47Q=na3MKX%8`&Bu~ z_*5KbYwSJu<6CX%R5Bhxe}#Ib1ZsBN`gSSZ0G9q~2%0&JAxB4i&x*J^76D;-&!Ioo zo8frpo7ZFKf_)yBz{0W`rai{J!3Ti8x6WXwMUOfzy5bvmEJ2u}2g)1|6cS-3QB}H` z=kM~Nt`i7JjO-|x$9=(Nw)Nao0IVXadYqM?VW-mw-iZ2_(9oY`K|K0QL5+q?sGqNZ zi<*jxvt@Q()mK>pcRbSF33WI9qgIV>oXaF3DjL80Z!O5@h^Z6YM0_6_PLFVRuaR4= zLI!R6_3aL>4lq%`zVQFq(ZTQZ0QY}klQ?d_D~=^|{}f?tjnwDkF=7hmXFgy_w>*Y8 zsawcke&SJPeKN2=vlNuk)ln_HB4Kpg>~^=bVPvj{Tl@WMs-uHY zDaYtH6Sjhm`ij#kcEyv3JNqD+Poi!5r^ED^4hFCHfFS)DnDHIo2_;tB!i%U_{oL+M zLCO_o2$)G2g`-kKjZbCCk1n~KnNR7&Ta8Dg+E3S?bK#~;rrHmO2H=`)s=TTDnz^9ALmOno$M*-KAU1F0qS@q@altgJm3 zHFeBi)6X1U91KKGn|X2D8!T4m6Mip+du!RE=XQ*MM}4Ode|7klVGnpdXQAp<@4Wk@ zgyr22wsq#N=0DudM$!X(|HbX+ar*%dtj-hWyR^@NCOkK$Xk}92ly*v4ScfVpOEDBF z!7Su2_f0g3QiL>VixV6frImO8bYDRJLpPd0pR%n_B07|kXBk-`0k756L*mU^WRZqx zS`(NhqkIzCR2z9Z19g|?{EVH1@3>T$-1iUxXbiTO5w6_lkd6W?AR_1l&x*|`S6NWf z4a#Us%C)Pmi`%Pb-RN@EmWUMwde15%_OF9vMImW;AuURhg2kUOGPrm&J>;*va$v3o zgyAK|-n(oh78_3`qAhw#xP@XG3SDeFP#I7Ux$_o;Scwmg+P$>;WG(hByE)!%2-W1# z!S3bB9!$U+6s4z^#y?aPfwBLAAoRiyh4hQ!UmQJqN}~GRx#&U&lw3|>s4ic`x6w77 zC9#{&QZTu)8ILxRI(zMnlN7(zex<{r|6W*Loo(t6koqluFf40FcRY-yytCD)MLtx~ zQV!JU<6NGcTin+JV91)Mqt(2nKE`4Z=ln&DW4W{nz2RH?Jq;JI?*?f#L9|!$Jst#; zA!A>3U7T#6o7b0iP>V#_kXO_FT5d=K*I?}YaXEQLZL&m+mzKd^FZyiLo>2|48r8Z} zo)x|{q1-ok$H!iI$~9sV7Rs4W+Z#SPnln+uNhb)<4!~m=Hysz}UQQ#ZofQ9DkhX2r z3{?gDI3P~anV1K#ZU$I0ItU=m;wJ{G1n@X0SIPwGqT-JD!ng{@Dd#z$|2~|ih?xpr zr{zkRDM+EPjUSyxMB$^;9>&)FfLl((Pob$0;Kq<>fR)5ZXM3pwGbWyaeCc+>F4rs| zSiJp(yU!*jhS9PjJx(g7`T+-y1Q%ovl4(%8k!T>)H2%S@NQ}Smw@h7Pa)n8A8Iwuv z&!_s`@>j=(C4hO&^Ywx0#SeP<+qw2X-f$Z*VrRbsod4zHi-uoQ z*M{R?b4&u9XHRpWpI%2V?PJN}i=<<$#+p0L9-yi6v8gcx=mZjyO>%uZByj#3DwOHqqZBcZKO4@3}9$ffgTu;GWbC_|b; znnRK>QUM4hKEdH<`7^4eAk(A}XvY$lL2&G&ECH8!9kdan40N%gf)NqN48n*m!)_mu zhOPx_q_=7?j8gKi>e@6y;c6jym@x;2#y`%r3v>8*L*mMa*reeC$g@;_U!9QU!YMe$ zyu)Gq*u)#dy|Jkz_Hxy@n*-=Ws0vDOxOSP~V(jfIBvo zWLh2t&K*9Dv|BL}0+oV+>G$~;bamE0MYaU*--$eDbkMLA)Z0+FBm^0I;h2Vz3*(4V zH6%YO4XyQ)ATi^^xoPjhNl9G7NvZdi^BADjhK6#$ti^Mv#~D^L(!mvyNm3y(!@-`( zGXs&P`LM_$h=}s?45DyDlq{H7IxsAhbLXbG38e%+;hb~~&@`U{5U3YfReBX@B#flT z&?VF3nQ4?i79Dhhv6Fk5mW7z85Dz0z=;CL*G&#*Gpunx9%1ht5LU|YvS-2>ox?~eu zw~?BZ0&st)8B%lN*Dm_`7l@dgeVU&4J8ZlnxYKa`ME zti(uYMGS#jRG5hg5K>RWZNr5Rj2BYh{!sQ=CJ{wKs1Oogl_IPJw)2J_ZY`KFg%VjHv42whR8;b^MPEh=DK2?(cL@l!FVM-&+EVG?Y zQMiN}?ks%5h3#9a!Dj@I?HJ93I5wbw!A$?~5N>QV<`_f+eZY+8s6^LjgYr%I%OE^@ zKKe+jq`{{koJQY4RmzVNXg??@aBQ~w)sRgQ?pkwV$%~rn zid5xj#Udzp4;(|Mbd~#gJw^fdn^oF`<6>HiJ;$@p{I~Y?hRKO5Yu>kqEB9)uCKIU@ zmtc_FyWeg7hbn~GWX5AV6TrS0<%6Q4gAAkO$IYJiuq{KXQi;6T%4wZqHDD6icQM4h@5ay1!?c|Mm93b&B!@p2yz<6Pd@ zs~s~@;b;7{lt;PEyIb&cUxP=00DAwc6oQPHLu;?afv z7M`_UbYAD!>DAQ>=AhQN1A^tF91)Ce7n-?Mi6|m5aW;m;=psyr~OA_G1vp zL0%v*87_*Z6i-rSL*g#7_K6W+MKJSp2s-)$uGgP~x^-w;gdoj8CN_~s^5U5FsAoy7 zYWBZ8v_dv6INO!x0aC5)ky!Ha>-Kauoyf<>qXIp?Tl1UhEcU7LDg!$`{b0uhIxEWn zV#NU_!{NC@uM^WbgW;bk1n>w~Cf{*zwftDJ&6-quJX(q()w>*2Qz!9Q=&$u2uOGdb z0}yR!j0*d>D3~ehk}FpjppS3X5=^-acq1_r_o=Cd!Mx;?K#7nBQIXOJ29oP!L4PgI zER1Rqe2o5U%J;(CS~kn$OG}StmaVF(5=2~bZjP9xrgZkzckuvpm^ySvYt72uv>#F! z6H7N%!;V=GT`<=YLp&9piL>>H$}R>pvUqtYQ^6QIDGm+}x zc@xs@sIPO`V~{P9qlSY+>w|u_x9a*c^0AUJ1i*oDeBdLKi~ba~Udb96t9dbG`i0x7 zs9kC$iJ)790bJN%uqX5h;l?HogX#iAEd?L2#h^5K=If%PHTSG2xX|8zIb0>4H{b7o zzxP1{oc}M|%6x?xx{S${eJv~MP#TlQO6E}&iY2OqOOW803U#DsLASnqgzhH`-C-?l z0SZ)PIxeqNts>hqUK+}Vb45{lnyB^v_R2BY9+;YV!6gqD?kMe@WuwqQZWWP(esH4L z5)OZ_!pA6n(zuS>F;hckfxfSw44ZV~jp8=Lg3FABR%PKr;Tl*Vkq(>WPX;;J?;JA6$3{+(<Ek#cg}v60^y-9N9U4VsSZ1;Vn_ zGl{B0sZ(^8IMDLnIcsh4tU6y&4pz-SVE(C4@l8Foz}xr9+Q)m7#j??QyjqC+ zr!+*UM=vioYdWvn1!r+{JB5gNt%AydeoBmwB7hI%>v&Ubob~G+W+#RLQCqrW9Mpip zN!6aiITQ7kCcV24uBV_A#Ocar$C`H4I)cS<)ER6YcW+RA!WA_T6Gkckz+Qe@#Tdjs z(vK&WogW9K(`xt%r6eVM>UKuiri*VA5G4E8jlp7>>;ylodD9m^7YNrbPH~CiZmdi{ zBXlt=t>B8@Zj!E2PY^=IAn{j;@o>qmV4s1xve^RsXOlSr&^cHM!myqkweEZTp%gh|NpPDMVx#+UkA5*CZtvdzseyZ) zcCrO62C2o6^>};_2Q)a=g$kE+700uo2ktOSUE4b(MIn$!$yDqSdT{Mdi6wA389 z8h^A+SUrUE=uYb&V>Re5aaHMcgj4yuhsuv!r_n5z8G9UObhUa5I0>D%l5L;RlhoxI z6}5;_HgZ9vRg~t>W_jqrVwO^{f2TP8L^9Q2edVj~iSOkl=k*=zf^oYu>K~B@52dC$ zCOm!KP|HuU)>zM`;JWps0@su}t?#QP$XCyd2HqOQiXV)YR)Xyv>(gTOTSiP=t=jYDyEoD!bzVlBe1ZyQ|A_kB>CKtN~#U+}@lm#2K_Pv~Z zGku1%rE$lTz2=I3KCH$sT0$}{w)G^!7+^oM-IDibU$Ye;7LRyRG|R?AARFVI!{vE^ z3u$x0DeTsoXCp-Vz*G;V<%b8bERZzpA(FLg;OXu{i;~;D7|~R)S?l3DK(=#MzMwPA z1tny`vill(ss)iYAzl$W{j7UJO?CfO<8mm>McOjtyx4OYWmDsfln)HWf@v#QP^NQa zwx>P+^9&R474;O#JDNIvgV+s(z3bo;Xs!}Ix$HebEpRSqX(`orb&#k4@G?K3$NlpeKmRhpy|7!h1Jp1BQaxq_fr@z z&z#r=I926tLz@uZG(W{YzO$HO&7Q}>X1 z(?Q+q*~LY7O+%*3%IL31>t;pvUm6iT`N?V*CuG(keAAJ4v1jnr0^Oj>OTw61E=1if zT^@2^PN|=?yFILC3=9?|+u413EM+5~AFx?3j|NM2h-LXgf^7~D$~uJ4u&=AUk5dlx zV=TZ$hc*uFQAU`%=du>oep&g)HntsTuV$f3jZv!`ZR+>;oWpY4yX{fF!ogemG@+#I z3O$+Hdx%;ac5pszo*qw@^}5x3UVg^x{4ju4?0%{)vF^@ZXv?UI>D77aq?=zG5$`ya zXV##B_fNG;Eco2KTB6&Ls^w3|tZA3e z%DJK=Z{oZalgFBd=R7y&>JsC9h;QJY$KN#e2F6Du^Rs8*QrxOgza~8 zcN%$QkyHwWWh>k_@wn}3M)_Lbz)_MP{J*kfVt$2qj%-uPtZ}snI(FGb*EfL&jx()= z%gCny1x$sH$GqgfYV?Hld2a2ybr0Ir*(fwnBpX{sy}>zMWyzM$295A4iMRluI6R6L zR{!0ZTaHP2p&jWb$e~31ibU|tHCXvun@FNAOZQ~Da3oPfa zTyGq0L_H$!MGqq)v`N^q4?tGd9|*OxNVU#n*9g!bhaWK=?~Zq=xh#fqIg(ge;LM(} z5|s33RrYYql20650j&U1l35&zb{njrK^(7UwP(hcrU%XN63%rZSRO1$JwWl5_uruq(O<(W+Nh64Ay5U^ z5J+n2Axv=ekzuEZU!I(-<0iE-kPL#(|AUl1o)wkEvuTwCNiMzK zsR}K2f)Rsny*i-0ra)$)dBR!6ILG@506>vIb zl?#*E+T$S7w#%4+Wj_}cy89p@n!mc=u$}Zodpw9f*&X-+nL~%qcgo^cpbza<%XUGh zL^d8!Io=JroBZ)EH%)fUk0^axYs_bNbK;!ycJngw?)NrX;nSS-`(_6$xWAy2n^Lj= zvT}MROncWb=GOE8y6E$ID;6m0-g|~kTv_R|u_)XfJDx{wH8fP7uXqg+|01;-o4IGp z*(P4CoC}0;`HT6XCw)J5e|iG(&t6oQlCj7Y;s@^Sn%VG1umYfS7Ta;II1jVP3ejl0X3+o~>zMdw$Us*5V`n4u|U7Tk3`1!#*#Kw}4oU zjYc*MZtA>`E28e0vnZ&}ya$eX>P}MTnN4%sujEBlulNGD=qfD#w~xAcY+j)bU{si9 z1QfQCP!z?!sm%VaDUjLv$QtYSa&)^}LSi>)R4{b$gVqmQ-<(}v`LsZ$q__XQ5B8lL zwIwRW_|<(Dr`=Xvavh2la^oD4;)Tz;zi<0^K9m^7{@$K4yg{m~>1Sk%NQ8$p zT1z43*=t@ztNU=9r(jywf}A3H>sVKC1t_T)RHl)b7KOd2(~z%n10qjPLAnbIVDg{f_2EY7nE!R-?+`|8z&!71Wpyy+&m0 z9i1GgnN$@adwx&uy3!tFXL5!B?j)Lo%!ifwm4j=s%#h;~QuE;o>xFaw23f2JSG4MdwF9s+jh5GmltZ|wq*&0zlANFTKUr8?^6^_+ z^YL0(Tk%-)n+aHO3-Ab-^Ke>NS%?b%Ulpm|SkQ6+|NnkH@GguQ#HbVbUmh^>5IsqA zMKUC{O%#q+DyWafwIwkATvpDdq0CpyAI(~sihyU;T{h5tz+`c_>b}2id^Eau-~2Y^ zPH-VWMI|EQ_b>7G3F$^-){&C$QiDU){?dw${8|o)D7czFV4|dodf0&nhdBc?)ie8O*`u!Ks`?&%00`!zn+>(^k)Dd)GoET9hhkR6s}r z|7BGw2TKOy5sr_c1Dqe_w&g#DSh(=SXpOyo?T8+ri|W1n1WoNqrP|Ms90+AV5X02#B)3buqC(CY2W|`Sn{GX-frI4RCEV1oxp1(Y3r5Z$+C<-{s1YsQz%^I4 z;vGKWi0fLs*d5ob*f36fo!?G|{-~~~=Y5b?r2AcH;qXXKa@1O^)NKsqk?6GVN}SLQ zF7)U9R%v0ruIO~X1=sy6IFWz-_EGMmGK^v7_@HJ+n={PqMKHbN%`)HyRQ9fUVOP{5 zoYWDV)MD3cvv!8^|1DOuO7tD6;5Pc|*SeI_?jzQ*1o5oGY!IuGD$2j-{af~+Q7M#t zUf*3Yr*8SWaO8BNoy^|V@)k0mz2wMb0_gW>JQ7$y)b>(;Jyp#El@}E+Q!Q`XH}ofn iQ@+XDS=u7;RPWH1l&(3c-8j$`Ncs&rhY0AEcz=*1TEzHGg7cLIln3*D-b~v6M@630x@JeI<_Ldx-nDy)7Nz; zUL05R#m!=S+Id95eNB-&$U#^^?}#J3b1tQzwk9rJt*O|0=7BB8H$76mh{eQB*4aC8r|U|Vdp_tUo2S(Yqb9``+Dh)UT%L}n|!$Gc}+dynT&s3Kd6fSByw3OBb zLLkY$j`9}%k(E^$L=o19nc%<7F5zmQf~+!n3Y#Z2=KoV8ruRq)(w*NejTu) zh3wojysw(mMcBy6lEFAtkj-9ESv_yLCRZ0YMkfh8?9|m<&-Q=Ec;QGq%D(j&uA1^% zSX?oCuj1G0a!^2VZMyD1^f|AL?+!8Dik8p3I6tG0{93B8kvdp%Ui+j~BE!G-`&tuX z>JtVF+Rv0V0+ZfsdA7GFu09`2See(tpu3EO*5ix!r@WpWJ3<#qd9#z&Y?3JtKDB*2 z+(^c@Ou&9fJE1LkTS6|b&hl4=T3zjpT`ia1JRwJ!@{;$S-P5FXeAfddOjWZfQ^078 zq|XeRrb6&h(d@-nloHd(HpXK3N-JJ}7}?f=i^@QB}69K-7 zzujgceuYlB*#&t>S40hoS0a}yj@hZ$y3$nkND~!aEUwS%pyU_^E6V-kb@58@3Iy=E zSad6dO-JWC%*zOcDatAF@C`;O=g>h{vRjF^lr#~xJdt~n=B2?W2;@&r1W7NIgPqZ65&QpLfusHWY=zKiV)9D}*{;7Nv@(oxRT`aai-Qby{qU+p-}yR%aKAtgEQ>m?Dxi5EGK34v`mjEd}=k}Wsbg3NN)L~ znLqklowX!Mjy@xh0+ZvNhdjV&r%8%75$uuS4s*oAFJ(+jhXwAf8|QyW7GxUb z{Wz&^dBi$BxJTq^(%+>prb^kkJ4O}e^JYnE zjNk`z{#P(b3cof)&_b_YvAyN#M0dJ?cmXCOL$l3Piln^b^Xu3WB-MvOU%n;2p@j7D zyE;=B{MXZp?Q8bWzWfz8aRg^UIg1sS1V32@mXIH-6sj2GkpuZwvX$ z=OPsjioaNrx+=OF@nfGh8lN^ems>t`wt8$){0<$6MwB+z{8UwxvHZHy&&~=O(i$pj zs$QGEEziAUS@&e+k=Og)?|j*S)^F9nYBn*5g{Sval7~XdVrafmf$5S(s1oQTa&gF6 zmDE5>LgAFg@Ah(HCPf ze;<^bF(kuvonFf-G=>l&pj@r7ocOp%Qsc1tYYM=USSJYyf~N`SQXZ_dcmjA>$TarK z(zkZ9r~Ey6bFv!w=*Nh2OKye`HYv{}=3FV*G!=_9hZKodm)(W#UUFE!r;7 zpOSWHPtoz=6=UH1?9q;$J)p%Nb3#k(f{*0RODB`@wK$4WK#-Bjnn3ma5ODW0IrH7w zYv0V++NmwO07F29#rPO}6Z`yaE55R}w^%7Eu7h#Iwe9WZ7P6&sLTuE3wE<{Wjj8Wi z;;=h0nIxi7M^RPPm}B0UcVu$liY_v@mQXGAqo-B!qYspQ_h#YJ5WX?8fPQ0ozTjYL zq|YC46dwu|;!2h(3#0Z3WzN;O8Pd&T#KHL@+?NTNK~jw262+b&q0#WrN`j7&1snY8 zXT=J=eq(St#T#fX9fMO2_JK8L8W=~-Z846;t%H;zu#pJ;9FR7IcE^BZN!Z{YWQ*j?!2(XjV^y(sP3(u z+W66P8!DxKdJ#@gqBaAHMXUgNfXqL`&HlD404~`1dSC<2Hxnj#!fWioTM@Rjh7FoM~W-MrjOXazrd{A|F6kQ`d026lBplteNa2=nY>WeMz3Z9BNIHg z8H{!ezncC9P#Z_sMygAX#=fo0^k|SGs=_c)sV0s^K%r?oZdW~DZPZJwi($?08flFx zmzM)d07R|@F2=xoo4xK4k-Z?=X4=Bv?exXhSSfrWVCr=*3@KpHaLLHjADJp^8-!rh`I6xLLN`zCg#F*L}v^8-A zR2A_DSP(`&SV~hi9174tZ&?mQ9>}b%OHk6V#By7;|T<%r6ZO^F`o0$^7#(Y4U}>RmirvzW3f;=;Mki^ht*0K%Kg(7EOnRx&ti;@X;l@}n68p&d zcytbMzwa&gK#9yY0{%nNL=7rREG1!TOW_~{N*JU7$upQYKnr6NpEmcPuxDAch>W{c7Of%|@P^e=$DqmSa&~V|5P*v}T zhlZBY(LG2l$Dq&Z<$U7w-QdxsA$xHmK;#a6;4JFQ{Lv;pnY%jo$C}RL)_K~yx62%d zR#l(IQlHd;yS?O;%Tn^fzYWmi#bFzZq7jqklo?RS^S#~6ATCSP#XQn$JuR~WEEbxG zp{Ejw78XbHb?Bak&`NK$tjs2;gFPY5$gcyy)QvD?Jo<(@%KPK9(<^{7K?$w;4pC4j z58Yk>I!J3`=%v~YZmH^+rPBV~DD&*_@TA)>6;wzz~D%=C!DFa0(9TFP2wjeMwZyt0y37S&d!H8Izo5qlmJ z98OhYN?HiX5ru>Z{bB=A_k>)p@;r=jgGcr0L#?dmgP+C~3ZcT*K{}b7dCCiAMG!1l z|IK1y!m6ndQu5xS>J2UbExiYwON30TQL>PK+;FPw#__9j$Mhk-l)v&f7?ngQIjzX6 z)jBn5V!^zpQflHB)S;cLrPns!*o?4It}s3d#hDzc(H>ngcf0+kxGg$`i3x!Gw-1Ag zy7FC{Z@@ao@A66x_h7D4$Y6=RKAZXIa3(FO28K90!6gB1!oNCrP_xmZ2&R1DS}yRk zyCUtn>=9lf8q|cxV!^Kp#w(EjNCCj(jeL1sPZzMaW_ki#rGoW5JSU^F`O+p2N zH;dF|83Ih(9D)$wP9jj4*JbaXW3189soRfqZq93{ulc2`&vIO(6SA$?9-}RqX36D` zq(a{snyV7W9bf}Kz3TJntx=bUJ-HwYW%leUnL=PJNr^>G$U81N^3tJ6(0r(>R8uT0 z7Ugf%MAxb!cV3c?xLw%VQ008+u4 zPqWA(^P6qa4ozGMb>mfQCMmKRmqV2m$7NNghfCE$28Q67-S2wl{pg;@!`d$Be?&6E zr81wPm@(<&lpVR%?9GaFx__$`9 zB8L2U51-brrZRF+4C6P$P)@k~K7{xfgiy)ud3IUL8t){UKb3G6f+Zph#l1V+vhS>c zb#ev4A_U;xm=P5U6bkNN6Z;fP-oVvGd7TPkWv-HtIxGOm>4oM$lvv0Q{NkWd{;g4E z(OvFwRp&3_O^uX?-b9p^T8C~&2DFoARy~ksD3;L)>G+SiOcBTKgEAGc^(nC`8@dEl z%)&GU97BK^T6B}~2BKV$j*p*zeVDNa(pinA+8o%f+edk=u(tH8vTAGuwcq|S97o_L z0kF=yic2h70zFw;ev(vT}w=A z+Q6s)cr0(F=EA+hAO<{0gN-0{w1s;s_Dlo)BEfX71-`PAv7wozH`qufwbMw5faBu< zyCUio+JC!Koou_7jDNX&#zSDx!PnZ9Lr)frj@Y{z2r@X^N6}xwfQujVoH2 zoyXzA{!HT5xc>gVPoCQiJ}#GKxa{YYXiVyWE_UMe@-%Dh(Yz;lE|aP2YLXW7@$%g(!p{j9_S!F_?j59OVrgR^S)bGX zq8tRXK6}}6J7np}`^t^rF2P$*zHU&O+( ziMQ+`A2z7Xa-Gk+S$o|RMLQh0&jPc#&dySde<{*biOL86vli#0#45%mh`qS;;nJNG zkxt);x;~0JbkgTu_=g~y4Bxu0GyJoV|IJgY2zQ9jyT5F^OWZs7AJlL3J&U5}mS`0> ziLUHviz>6nEHT^C`;btg-n62_5qxzj#TS(RtJ%=}Nq5e-;0&d?CWT|QRyHtEfM(H} z+2G}$pq;#shx#m{!ROnZDnbh{-+sg)}1lkg-dEd<&_GONy} z7quOSX^y#ke6`f%$yQMIi7{E9#b`We)Me2N;s1*XpBmkm|pIkhwd7 zYlmS{ViU(jvP9PPx8;1xZ4>M$_4&ZV@fGQkyZ|6%#BBD!B!H(>LjIssopb9o z?nAJw4qluhhqBg;yJ_7IRY6~LCM_~gD5C6S4QsX9)k7S~cRS)I)x5x%=C|YbWL&}o zZaMZcwkqL!wZ0B(?9N-HRLk5kRVd-PObCh(G%K^#q-`uu*lLB?l3JEkx<%T}nQ?m% zzP$Gj#|eKF)n7;fV!#$8)9ih@Q=wq|_77ux7<-Gh0WbE2HceZ>Q9TZ!L~O4Trm(eunRh~I;ncE0LF z2Gj7N_I$~pUxcWuxB0bk_sb(%?rpBp9FD)nP?7oFH};n4f<*N;qWs`jB72ls$CIVr zRS68v{77|H;=sx#_280*Mwbttm}F_AkAd&sPf3mlSVSN1s3mOsWEn{w>!8`^NAA6r zs^=LNDxMXekxQqlKQC-Qo@&tGz}p4OZ9J7v0zv0q})koGVI}VGZ5&TNO(AJ4r z5(`U(iSn%+0(UTpsSk`$?L_;C_)87QWc4=jq03IgPkAXvGC$4xXBkWBghtb!`?R7Z z$^5gmeeicVXol|18=MYA`R$KRL#Eoa122ugvFtmjJ|TW)0}D~9lih#plM_2kCb_?9 zow~j-4wJfvfvy10qsPogIDa>&o#c86zAaa2UDhsYvhy00nzS*watq$)+vYeKwbN+Z z!J{IUy2DP`nn~5i61b19Z6t1ROayIW;&c=+tb@k|o-IIEBayA}8;2?0m3lYhzG6}? z-V$Z6`HIe>D$P@6+Z=d7o3+>-uxq%iPlzW^Fv#9eui~98XQ_W}o?~~IM3bU2O*UXq zoWPo^Zlu@j&vGEeuy?blu!~gCQ!hFETR)K#^a@g3eHU!oHJsz6`PyaF#TIB=ETN}- z6x^$AmPhwahWKtvb>ocz(~wH4S2l_i$*7YM_OC&k&kRv4RE`xM2JtF25T=VJyqn$2 zc}nN6hk=JXGO=nilXKO=a@I1f-UN4bZzavb+`Yk zD=NmpZLy+o+YCz5l|DB;!!s$jOTKpG@otVK>3N}QY-7SG5-g-DhHo7Fbv!1s&3(6g zuc9XG^~sH_Q&7D3EG(G^c+(>L^h(rtn9>jgCnoA|AoQej4VZ=3;Usmw+G&8D!CRB1 z&Z|^g)-pS8j@z$yTmLIj*eYx@F2e!@4IsBD+Y8v(9PmK^&Egx|SuETI=t zcpOeI1$dj?e&f>F5^6JqDwbhSe@k{1ueb$tev%Fo3&vw_XEyk(8T{?Ro&1MJWpyz?7E9a~j`^(ln{C)~ zNz^oQvy+VK%{>%w7BxuLbhj3o7V(0~zv$+)F*%+T&LQ#inUw(vJ^uaAP+6Sj)@(Us zCY+zXF0D;AcsoM?W(qbVw0%^J<0TU(R(K%~_0)E-hWFRsc)ALCzfZeA>=;A|n6-Hi!y>3tyxW!>Fho!)PwToghMh%PA_Pcq#e$&{Yw zVj2i5BD15K@hPCm04ePVRxXN~v)^_TIXD%;Qo{R1R~BePOn1stN{(}=6I%pjVEgyS z(Kgi<$(FOTAvbDL*woR!gLMzYtA-#F7i3u(Rz)pFOcSO9Fo^XC$WcWa5N`~r-)@n@ zANCsLz+?1yjSv}+R&2Imu9;;Ja3~!3bhnjc@l-1)M7zN%CX?lVvD#0V_Bp1~kDWc^ zixU|qXOKNJc5J_A0*gT^)ELdE%io)CJrjqv)iKD{LKF14pekTh)3C$eH|$>u_&J+G1zT9d5yecW9=bP3>Yuk&_S59+#wgS4q+6)A{+V~W z){JTrWTW1g%r!r60y?GV>F~(l(fyL9((va2Wf-kFO3@G~Y1!h`j1=?AQa*nm@D6`w zOAb~O$hfQOaIe#BftAtDhIx}*Oitbw5m(R>cR4qUg@i131YW^Ucf4R{5p^Z0D!#bS zo7b_Gua_B?K0bmeE!AuxgGuUauP4W)#Wa>ha33XbI`(!?QkrxGMav$stY&eomU*aN!eaMt zu71%%yGPoaJ(nLcaRjm;^iHoQ0NorM~jdpF)N=2Pu`#OjW=jU^@%$^CniImIMqBGNZ6NM z$^maVcl_oVy-LaBB%zV#pa{XhM8gl)1QWM}{VV@uu+XbJD5@_4$Jf0%`{Uzn#YkvN znt~XE$&ZBTmb-xJsc>kJS=R-?_)a2l^VQ%mV|lt{gv(SAg+n!HurG`H(N##bEfLkh zuWOj+`?>WjTvOtR3XhXwgu5OHLj2JCjp0I~9iPYlqhTI{@!e~dvVQdqMlSEQRa@m> zNhy;ic#^1oUi`CGIpL04^J1&v?q8g+&_62*1t00^Rp08Doxl`YFX#yrO=S9EwNIni zS?w|otSd|g-?MX*p-U60O-Kg8zt_>&zL*SGD}yP=b$)z$a+t&z4Bm$|iG3B_j~`36 z$_CZ>P1X$V(nnv&pPGzkcs#|omgp^<{jp}k}$DuDkwa>@jx8pi~eBk*lWIg$# zkfxuS=dZU0lYSIUF}?bF=bnfZH7nTyqRQ(ZdaE9{=MD=+~{SM zo7Li5UyxDK7OH9JXpl@|Z0uaD7Mx~4GoXc;1v}7;(}ahc$JCV9m=|cw#l>qbB=G;c zNb^U7lmh?P!ppfhrln+z_xtu(MxvO6Ok5fxrGxEfcqA5xg3T+cW|8_ywLZ`x6!^Yx7MoZtB=)#(C#i(A{x|ft-zXmuf%3!loZ^@w@B=ng5p8 z?Lf{a!2SlCK5~4ATI&|qct1o7d@I;HBzjV_PhiggZ~D!zAC(8jR~^dK=1{r26hqT2 z$=HL)*O4byMEGGOfqpKebt32+4?wDFuw`ulqPrmRyG;_%gJ5KzhcGUH2a;x=GCNw7 z2SoK8m&1ik0K_XZMo=74&JHl9hZSmdr`{gW!HZ463vhPenjYw&FY$B(_xo(dW~7H8 zu@X2p;NhB}6aP8D3!!R;AXHEp41xrYAo%icV0!FSn~-l(YBJLjt2uYCS_ z;k9MF&EZ^%zOS-+hj+{VL;KLZ_fe`$SWnpTQ>$TmqmoAYFNv%Xy`#f_Z?5(x*8f@j Zjh$RPoXjl%T)bRdtN https://zackbatist.info/CITF-Postdoc/notes/methodology-notes.html - 2025-02-14T19:47:03.624Z + 2025-02-17T21:37:21.395Z https://zackbatist.info/CITF-Postdoc/posts.html