schema/context: restore some backlinks support

In libyang v1 the schema nodes had a backlinks member to be able to
look up dependents of the node.  SONiC depends on this to provide
functionality it uses and it needs to be exposed via the python
module.

In theory, exposing the 'dfs' functions could make this work, but
it would likely be cost prohibitive since walking the tree would
be expensive to create a python node for evaluation in native
python.

Instead this PR depends on the this libyang PR:
CESNET/libyang#2352
And adds thin wrappers.

This implementation provides 2 python functions:
 * Context.find_backlinks_paths() - This function can
   take the path of the base node and find all dependents.  If
   no path is specified, then it will return all nodes that contain
   a leafref reference.
 * Context.find_leafref_path_target_paths() - This function takes
   an xpath, then returns all target nodes the xpath may reference.
   Typically only one will be returned, but multiples may be in the
   case of a union.

A user can build a cache by combining Context.find_backlinks_paths()
with no path set and building a reverse table using
Context.find_leafref_path_target_paths()

Signed-off-by: Brad House <[email protected]>

cffi/cdefs.h

@@ -861,6 +861,8 @@ const struct lysc_node* lys_find_child(const struct lysc_node *, const struct ly
 const struct lysc_node* lysc_node_child(const struct lysc_node *);
 const struct lysc_node_action* lysc_node_actions(const struct lysc_node *);
 const struct lysc_node_notif* lysc_node_notifs(const struct lysc_node *);
+LY_ERR lysc_node_lref_targets(const struct lysc_node *, struct ly_set **);
+LY_ERR lysc_node_lref_backlinks(const struct ly_ctx *, const struct lysc_node *, ly_bool, struct ly_set **);
 
 typedef enum {
     LYD_PATH_STD,

libyang/context.py

@@ -646,6 +646,104 @@ def parse_data_file(
             json_null=json_null,
         )
 
+    def find_leafref_path_target_paths(self, leafref_path: str) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Fetch all leafref targets of the specified path
+
+        This is an enhanced version of lysc_node_lref_target() which will return
+        a set of leafref target paths retrieved from the specified schema path.
+        While lysc_node_lref_target() will only work on nodetype of LYS_LEAF and
+        LYS_LEAFLIST this function will also evaluate other datatypes that may
+        contain leafrefs such as LYS_UNION.  This does not, however, search for
+        children with leafref targets.
+
+        :arg self
+            This instance on context
+        :arg leafref_path:
+            Path to node to search for leafref targets
+        :returns List of target paths that the leafrefs of the specified node
+                 point to.
+        """
+        if self.cdata is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("context already destroyed")
+        if leafref_path is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("leafref_path must be defined")
+
+        out = []
+
+        node = lib.lys_find_path(self.cdata, ffi.NULL, str2c(leafref_path), 0)
+        if node == ffi.NULL:
+            raise self.error("leafref_path not found")
+
+        node_set = ffi.new("struct ly_set **")
+        if (lib.lysc_node_lref_targets(node, node_set) != lib.LY_SUCCESS or
+            node_set[0] == ffi.NULL or node_set[0].count == 0):
+            raise self.error("leafref_path does not contain any leafref targets")
+
+        node_set = node_set[0]
+        for i in range(node_set.count):
+            path = lib.lysc_path(node_set.snodes[i], lib.LYSC_PATH_DATA, ffi.NULL, 0);
+            out.append(c2str(path))
+            lib.free(path)
+
+        lib.ly_set_free(node_set, ffi.NULL)
+
+        return out
+
+
+    def find_backlinks_paths(self, match_path: str = None, match_ancestors: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+        """
+        Search entire schema for nodes that contain leafrefs and return as a
+        list of schema node paths.
+
+        Perform a complete scan of the schema tree looking for nodes that
+        contain leafref entries. When a node contains a leafref entry, and
+        match_path is specified, determine if reference points to match_path,
+        if so add the node's path to returned list.  If no match_path is
+        specified, the node containing the leafref is always added to the
+        returned set.  When match_ancestors is true, will evaluate if match_path
+        is self or an ansestor of self.
+
+        This does not return the leafref targets, but the actual node that
+        contains a leafref.
+
+        :arg self
+            This instance on context
+        :arg match_path:
+            Target path to use for matching
+        :arg match_ancestors:
+            Whether match_path is a base ancestor or an exact node
+        :returns List of paths.  Exception of match_path is not found or if no
+                 backlinks are found.
+        """
+        if self.cdata is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("context already destroyed")
+        out = []
+
+        match_node = ffi.NULL
+        if match_path is not None and match_path == "/" or match_path == "":
+            match_path = None
+
+        if match_path:
+            match_node = lib.lys_find_path(self.cdata, ffi.NULL, str2c(match_path), 0)
+            if match_node == ffi.NULL:
+                raise self.error("match_path not found")
+
+        node_set = ffi.new("struct ly_set **")
+        if (lib.lysc_node_lref_backlinks(self.cdata, match_node, match_ancestors, node_set)
+            != lib.LY_SUCCESS or node_set[0] == ffi.NULL or node_set[0].count == 0):
+            raise self.error("backlinks not found")
+
+        node_set = node_set[0]
+        for i in range(node_set.count):
+            path = lib.lysc_path(node_set.snodes[i], lib.LYSC_PATH_DATA, ffi.NULL, 0);
+            out.append(c2str(path))
+            lib.free(path)
+
+        lib.ly_set_free(node_set, ffi.NULL)
+
+        return out
+
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Module]:
         """
         Return an iterator that yields all implemented modules from the context

tests/test_schema.py

@@ -801,6 +801,64 @@ def test_leaf_list_parsed(self):
         self.assertFalse(pnode.ordered())
 
 
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class BacklinksTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.ctx = Context(YANG_DIR)
+        self.ctx.load_module("yolo-leafref-search")
+        self.ctx.load_module("yolo-leafref-search-extmod")
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.ctx.destroy()
+        self.ctx = None
+    def test_backlinks_all_nodes(self):
+        expected = [
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search:refstr",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search:refnum",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref_union"
+        ]
+        refs = self.ctx.find_backlinks_paths()
+        expected.sort()
+        refs.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(expected, refs)
+    def test_backlinks_one(self):
+        expected = [
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search:refstr",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref_union"
+        ]
+        refs = self.ctx.find_backlinks_paths(
+            match_path="/yolo-leafref-search:my_list/my_leaf_string"
+        )
+        expected.sort()
+        refs.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(expected, refs)
+    def test_backlinks_children(self):
+        expected = [
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search:refstr",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search:refnum",
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref_union"
+        ]
+        refs = self.ctx.find_backlinks_paths(
+            match_path="/yolo-leafref-search:my_list",
+            match_ancestors=True
+        )
+        expected.sort()
+        refs.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(expected, refs)
+    def test_backlinks_leafref_target_paths(self):
+        expected = [
+            "/yolo-leafref-search:my_list/my_leaf_string"
+        ]
+        refs = self.ctx.find_leafref_path_target_paths(
+            "/yolo-leafref-search-extmod:my_extref_list/my_extref"
+        )
+        expected.sort()
+        refs.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(expected, refs)
+
+
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class ChoiceTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):

tests/yang/yolo/yolo-leafref-search-extmod.yang

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+module yolo-leafref-search-extmod {
+  yang-version 1.1;
+  namespace "urn:yang:yolo:leafref-search-extmod";
+  prefix leafref-search-extmod;
+
+  import wtf-types { prefix types; }
+
+  import yolo-leafref-search {
+    prefix leafref-search;
+  }
+
+  revision 2025-02-11 {
+    description
+      "Initial version.";
+  }
+
+  list my_extref_list {
+    key my_leaf_string;
+    leaf my_leaf_string {
+      type string;
+    }
+    leaf my_extref {
+      type leafref {
+        path "/leafref-search:my_list/leafref-search:my_leaf_string";
+      }
+    }
+    leaf my_extref_union {
+      type union {
+        type leafref {
+          path "/leafref-search:my_list/leafref-search:my_leaf_string";
+        }
+        type leafref {
+          path "/leafref-search:my_list/leafref-search:my_leaf_number";
+        }
+        type types:number;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

tests/yang/yolo/yolo-leafref-search.yang

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module yolo-leafref-search {
+  yang-version 1.1;
+  namespace "urn:yang:yolo:leafref-search";
+  prefix leafref-search;
+
+  import wtf-types { prefix types; }
+
+  revision 2025-02-11 {
+    description
+      "Initial version.";
+  }
+
+  list my_list {
+    key my_leaf_string;
+    leaf my_leaf_string {
+      type string;
+    }
+    leaf my_leaf_number {
+      description
+        "A number.";
+      type types:number;
+    }
+  }
+
+  leaf refstr {
+    type leafref {
+      path "../my_list/my_leaf_string";
+    }
+  }
+
+  leaf refnum {
+    type leafref {
+      path "../my_list/my_leaf_number";
+    }
+  }
+}