Project 3: Eyad Almoamen

README.md

@@ -3,11 +3,77 @@ CUDA Path Tracer
 
 **University of Pennsylvania, CIS 565: GPU Programming and Architecture, Project 3**
 
-* (TODO) YOUR NAME HERE
-* Tested on: (TODO) Windows 22, i7-2222 @ 2.22GHz 22GB, GTX 222 222MB (Moore 2222 Lab)
+* Eyad Almoamen
+  * [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/eyadalmoamen/), [personal website](https://eyadnabeel.com)
+* Tested on: Windows 11, i7-10750H CPU @ 2.60GHz 2.59 GHz 16GB, RTX 2070 Super Max-Q Design 8GB (Personal Computer)
 
-### (TODO: Your README)
+Introduction
+================
+I've built a GPU accelerated monte carlo path tracer using CUDA and C++. The parallelization is happening on a ray-by-ray basis, with the terminated rays being eliminated via stream compaction and sorted by material type in order to avoid warp divergence. The path tracer takes in a scene description .txt file and outputs a rendered image. 
+
+Features implemented include:
+
+* [Specular Reflective Material](#specular-reflective-material)
+* [Refractive Material](#refractive-material)
+* [Thin Lens Model DOF](#thin-lens-model-dof)
+* [Motion Blur](#motion-blur)
+* [Stochastic Antialiasing](#stochastic-antialiasing)
+* [Direct Lighting](#direct-lighting)
+
+#Specular Reflective Material
+================
+The specular reflective material either reflects light perfectly (incident angle == exitent angle), or diffusely, the rate of each is manually set and the two percentages sum up to 100% (for example, if the material was 63% specular, it'd have to be 37% diffuse):
+
+<img align="center" src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_03-01-03z.11379samp.png" width=50% height=50%>
+
+#Refractive Material
+================
+The specular refractive material either reflects light or transmits it according to [Snell's Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell%27s_law), the rate of each is based on the material type and index of refration. This is usually calculated by the [Fresnel Equations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations), however, here I use the [Schlick approximation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlick%27s_approximation) to calculate the rates as it's more computationally efficient with a very low error rate:
+
+<img align="center" src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_02-20-06z.5201samp.png" width=50% height=50%>
+
+<img align="center" src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_00-50-38z.5598samp.png" width=50% height=50%>
+
+#Thin Lens Model DOF
+================
+I utilized the [Thin Lens Model](https://pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Camera_Models/Projective_Camera_Models#TheThinLensModelandDepthofField) in order to replace the pinhole camera we have with a more realistic virtual lens which allows me to introduce depth of field effects and bokeh:
+
+| Focal Distance | 0 | 3 | 8.5 | 20.5 |
+| :------- | :-------: | :-------: | :-------: | :-------: |
+| Iterations | 7759 | 5082 | 5142 | 5009 |
+| Scene | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_02-43-13z.7759samp.png"> | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_01-23-17z.5082samp.png"> | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-10_23-09-12z.5142samp.png"> |  <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_01-07-49z.5009samp.png"> |
+
+#Motion Blur
+================
+I added a velocity component to the geometry struct and that allows me to render the image in such a way that it seems the object is moving in the direction of the velocity:
+
+#Stochastic Antialiasing
+================
+I added support for stochastic antialiasing by jittering the ray produced from the camera randomly within the range of a pixel length:
+
+| Antialiasing | Without | With |
+| :------- | :-------: | :-------: |
+| Scene | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_03-38-02z.1000samp.png"> | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_03-40-14z.1000samp.png"> |
+| Scene | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_03-54-58z.1000samp.png"> | <img src="img/cornell.2022-10-11_03-53-19z.1000samp.png"> |
+
+#Direct Lighting
+================
+To optimize the result and speed up the convergence of the image, I had the pathtracer trace its last ray to a light source in the scene, guaranteeing that we get light contribution. To demonstrate, I've rendered the same scene up to 1000 iterations with and without direct lighting:
+
+| Direct Lighting | Without | With |
+| :------- | :-------: | :-------: |
+| Scene | <img src="img/"> | <img src="img/"> |
+
+Performance Testing
+================
+I ran a few tests to see the effect of some of the optimizations I've performed on this path tracer:
+
+The effect of caching is very much evident and it increases as the size of the image increases:
+
+<img align="center" src="img/cachingchart.png" width=50% height=50%>
+
+This is because we're precomputing a potentially very large computation, sparing ourselves the trouble for upcoming iterations
 
-*DO NOT* leave the README to the last minute! It is a crucial part of the
-project, and we will not be able to grade you without a good README.
+The effect of material sorting doesn't seem to be too encouraging; initially I tried testing it on a scene with one material, it wasn't an improvement (since we'd be sorting to avoid nonexistent warp divergence). However I switched to a scene with diffuse, reflective, and refractive material to no avail:
 
+<img align="center" src="img/materialsortchart.png" width=50% height=50%>

scenes/aatest.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Red Light
+MATERIAL 0
+RGB         1 1 1
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     0 0 0
+REFL        0
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   10
+
+// Blue Light
+MATERIAL 1
+RGB         0.3 0.3 0.7
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     0 0 0
+REFL        0
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   10
+
+// Diffuse white
+MATERIAL 2
+RGB         .98 .98 .98
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     0 0 0
+REFL        0
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   0
+
+// Diffuse red
+MATERIAL 3
+RGB         .85 .35 .35
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     0 0 0
+REFL        0
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   0
+
+// Diffuse green
+MATERIAL 4
+RGB         .35 .25 .85
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     0 0 0
+REFL        0
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   0
+
+// Specular white
+MATERIAL 5
+RGB         .98 .98 .98
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     .98 .98 .98
+REFL        1
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   0
+
+// Refractive Material
+MATERIAL 6
+RGB         .98 .98 .98
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     .98 .98 .98
+REFL        0
+REFR        1
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   0
+
+// White Light
+MATERIAL 7
+RGB         1 1 1
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     0 0 0
+REFL        0
+REFR        0
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   1
+
+
+// Camera
+CAMERA
+RES         1080 1080
+FOVY        45
+ITERATIONS  1000
+DEPTH       32
+LENSR       0
+FOCALD      7.5
+FILE        cornell
+EYE         0.0 7 10.5
+LOOKAT      0 7 0
+UP          0 1 0
+
+
+// Ceiling light
+OBJECT 0
+cube
+material 0
+TRANS       0 25 2
+ROTAT       0 0 0
+SCALE       4 0.1 4
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Floor
+OBJECT 1
+cube
+material 2
+TRANS       0 0 0
+ROTAT       0 0 0
+SCALE       100 .01 100
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Back wall
+OBJECT 2
+cube
+material 3
+TRANS       -5 3.75 -5
+ROTAT       0 90 0
+SCALE       .01 7.5 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Back wall
+OBJECT 3
+cube
+material 4
+TRANS       5 3.75 -5
+ROTAT       0 90 0
+SCALE       .01 7.5 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Back wall
+OBJECT 4
+cube
+material 4
+TRANS       -5 11.25 -5
+ROTAT       0 90 0
+SCALE       .01 7.5 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Back wall
+OBJECT 5
+cube
+material 3
+TRANS       5 11.25 -5
+ROTAT       0 90 0
+SCALE       .01 7.5 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Back wall
+OBJECT 6
+cube
+material 3
+TRANS       -5 18.75 -5
+ROTAT       0 90 0
+SCALE       .01 7.5 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
+
+// Back wall
+OBJECT 7
+cube
+material 4
+TRANS       5 18.75 -5
+ROTAT       0 90 0
+SCALE       .01 7.5 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0

scenes/cornell.txt

@@ -48,12 +48,24 @@ REFR        0
 REFRIOR     0
 EMITTANCE   0
 
+// Refractive Material
+MATERIAL 5
+RGB         .98 .98 .98
+SPECEX      0
+SPECRGB     .98 .98 .98
+REFL        0
+REFR        1
+REFRIOR     0
+EMITTANCE   0
+
 // Camera
 CAMERA
-RES         800 800
+RES         512 512
 FOVY        45
 ITERATIONS  5000
 DEPTH       8
+LENSR       0.2
+FOCALD      8
 FILE        cornell
 EYE         0.0 5 10.5
 LOOKAT      0 5 0
@@ -67,14 +79,16 @@ material 0
 TRANS       0 10 0
 ROTAT       0 0 0
 SCALE       3 .3 3
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
 
 // Floor
 OBJECT 1
 cube
-material 1
+material 4
 TRANS       0 0 0
 ROTAT       0 0 0
 SCALE       10 .01 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
 
 // Ceiling
 OBJECT 2
@@ -83,6 +97,7 @@ material 1
 TRANS       0 10 0
 ROTAT       0 0 90
 SCALE       .01 10 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
 
 // Back wall
 OBJECT 3
@@ -91,27 +106,31 @@ material 1
 TRANS       0 5 -5
 ROTAT       0 90 0
 SCALE       .01 10 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
 
 // Left wall
 OBJECT 4
 cube
-material 2
+material 3
 TRANS       -5 5 0
 ROTAT       0 0 0
 SCALE       .01 10 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
 
 // Right wall
 OBJECT 5
 cube
-material 3
+material 2
 TRANS       5 5 0
 ROTAT       0 0 0
 SCALE       .01 10 10
+VELOCITY    0 0 0
 
 // Sphere
 OBJECT 6
 sphere
-material 4
-TRANS       -1 4 -1
+material 5
+TRANS       0 5 0
 ROTAT       0 0 0
 SCALE       3 3 3
+VELOCITY    0 0 0

scenes/defaultsettings.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Definitions for features
+#define DEBUG 0
+#define BOUNCES 4
+#define MATERIALSORT 1
+#define CACHING 0
+#define ANTIALIASING 1
+#define THINLENS 1
+#define MOTIONBLUR 1