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circuits.md

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Quantum Circuits in Quojo-Rust

Quojo-Rust provides a representation for quantum circuits through the CircuitRepr struct.

Circuit Representation

The CircuitRepr struct represents a quantum circuit with a fixed width (number of qubits). It stores quantum gates for each qubit in order.

pub struct CircuitRepr<const WIDTH: usize> {
    pub storage: [Vec<Gate>; WIDTH],
}

The constant generic parameter WIDTH determines the number of qubits in the circuit.

Creating Circuits

To create a new circuit, use:

use quojo_rust::qcore::CircuitRepr;

// Create a 4-qubit circuit
let mut circuit = CircuitRepr::<4>();

Adding Gates to Circuits

Single-Qubit Gates

To apply single-qubit gates to one or more qubits:

use quojo_rust::qcore::{Targets};
use quojo_rust::qcore::gates::Gate;

// Apply Hadamard to qubits 0 and 1
circuit.Apply(Gate::H, Targets(&[0, 1]));

// Apply X (NOT) gate to qubit 2
circuit.Apply(Gate::X, Targets(&[2]));

// Apply phase rotation gate to qubit 0
let phase = std::f64::consts::PI / 4.0; // π/4 rotation
circuit.Apply(Gate::P(phase), Targets(&[0]));

Two-Qubit Gates

For two-qubit gates like CNOT and CZ:

// CNOT with control on qubit 0 and target on qubit 1
circuit.ApplyControlled(Gate::X, 0, 1);

// CZ with control on qubit 1 and target on qubit 2
circuit.ApplyControlled(Gate::Z, 1, 2);

// SWAP qubits 2 and 3
circuit.ApplySwap(2, 3);

Available Gates

Quojo-Rust provides several standard quantum gates:

  • Gate::X: Pauli-X (NOT) gate
  • Gate::Y: Pauli-Y gate
  • Gate::Z: Pauli-Z gate
  • Gate::H: Hadamard gate
  • Gate::P(float): Phase rotation gate
  • Gate::CNOT: Controlled-NOT gate
  • Gate::CZ: Controlled-Z gate
  • Gate::SWAP: SWAP gate
  • Gate::Toffoli: Toffoli (CCX) gate
  • Gate::Fredkin: Fredkin (CSWAP) gate

For more details, see gates.md.

Displaying Circuits

You can use the Display trait to print a textual representation of the circuit:

println!("{}", circuit);

Visualizing Circuits

Quojo-Rust provides TikZ visualization for quantum circuits:

use quojo_rust::qcore::TikzConfig;
use quojo_rust::qcore::tikz::TikzCircuit;

// Create TikZ visualization config
let config = TikzConfig();

// Generate and save the visualization
circuit.save_tikz(&config, "circuit.tex").unwrap();

For more visualization options, see visualization.md.

Example: Bell State Preparation

Here's a complete example of creating a Bell state preparation circuit:

use quojo_rust::qcore::{CircuitRepr, Targets, TikzConfig};
use quojo_rust::qcore::gates::Gate;
use quojo_rust::qcore::tikz::TikzCircuit;

fn main() {
    // Create a 2-qubit circuit
    let mut circuit = CircuitRepr::<2>();
    
    // Apply a Hadamard gate to the first qubit
    circuit.Apply(Gate::H, Targets(&[0]));
    
    // Apply a CNOT gate with control on qubit 0 and target on qubit 1
    circuit.ApplyControlled(Gate::X, 0, 1);
    
    // Visualize the circuit
    let config = TikzConfig();
    circuit.save_tikz(&config, "bell_state.tex").unwrap();
}