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- added new expression notes to the grammar index. (#295)
  - ～する
  - 遅い/遅く
  - ～てくる
  - ～が/～けど
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@SethClydesdale
SethClydesdale committed Feb 4, 2025
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Expand Up @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ <h3 id="note-2" class="workbook-title">Abbreviations used in the Grammar Notes</

<tr>
<td class="center">VN</td>
<td>Noun which forms a suru-verb by affixing する</td>
<td>Verbal Noun; Noun which forms a suru-verb by affixing する</td>
<td><ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>; <ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby>い<ruby>物<rt>もの</rt></ruby>; サイン</td>
</tr>

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</table><br>
</div>

<h2 id="lesson-grammar-8" class="lesson-title">Lesson 8: Barbecue (バーベキュー) <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.190-196</span></h2>
<h2 id="lesson-grammar-8" class="lesson-title">Lesson 8: Barbecue (バーベキュー) <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.190-197</span></h2>
<div class="lesson-summary">
<div class="inline-columns">
<div>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -6928,6 +6928,161 @@ <h3 id="l8-p8" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="何か、なにか、nanika
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l8-p01" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="表現ノート、ひょうげんのーと、hyougennooto、expression notes、suru、verbal noun、irregular verb、verbalizing suffix"><ruby>表現<rt>ひょうげん</rt></ruby>ノート1. ～する <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.197</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
ロバートさんは<strong class="main-color"><ruby>料理<rt>りょうり</rt></ruby>する</strong>のが<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きですか。【Dialogue II: //.1】<br>
Do you like <strong class="main-color">cooking</strong>, Robert?
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
Most irregular verbs are compounds of nouns and the verb する. So, if you have learned an irregular verb, you have also learned a noun. These types of nouns are often referred to as "Verbal Nouns," as they can be used to describe an action when used with する.
<table class="table alt-cell-color">
<tr class="table-head">
<td>verbs</td>
<td>nouns</td>
<td>example sentences</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="center">
<ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>する<br>
to study
</td>
<td class="center">
<ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby><br>
study
</td>
<td>
<ruby>日本語<rt>にほんご</rt></ruby>の<strong class="main-color"><ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby></strong>は<ruby>楽<rt>たの</rt></ruby>しいです<br>
Japanese language study is fun.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="center">
<ruby>料理<rt>りょうり</rt></ruby>する<br>
to cook
</td>
<td class="center">
<ruby>料理<rt>りょうり</rt></ruby><br>
cooking
</td>
<td>
ロバートさんの<strong class="main-color"><ruby>料理<rt>りょうり</rt></ruby></strong>はおいしいです。<br>
Robert's cooking is good.
</td>
</tr>
</table>

Some of these nouns can be used as the "object" of the verb する.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">
<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は<ruby>日本語<rt>にほんご</rt></ruby>の<ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">を</span>しました。<br>
　Compare: <ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は<ruby>日本語<rt>にほんご</rt></ruby>を<ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>しました。
</div>
<div class="example">I studied Japanese.</div>
</div>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">
たけしさんは<ruby>部屋<rt>へや</rt></ruby>の<ruby>掃除<rt>そうじ</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">を</span>しました。<br>
　Compare: たけしさんは<ruby>部屋<rt>へや</rt></ruby>を<ruby>掃除<rt>そうじ</rt></ruby>しました。
</div>
<div class="example">Takeshi cleaned his room.</div>
</div>

You can use both these nouns and their する verbs in sentences with <ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きです and <ruby>嫌<rt>きら</rt></ruby>いです, for example. You simply need to add の to the end of the verb before が, as discussed in <a href="#l8-p6">Grammar 6</a>. Pay attention to the particles before these words, too.
<div class="example">
<ruby>日本語<rt>にほんご</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">の</span><ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>が<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きです。／<ruby>日本語<rt>にほんご</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">を</span><ruby>勉強<rt>べんきょう</rt></ruby>する<span class="ul-color">の</span>が<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きです。<br>
I like studying Japanese.
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>verbalizing suffix</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>VN+する</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l8-p02" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="表現ノート、ひょうげんのーと、hyougennooto、expression notes、遅い、遅く、おそい、おそく、osoi、osoku、adjective、adverb、早い、早く、はやい、はやく、hayai、hayaku、late、early、slow、fast"><ruby>表現<rt>ひょうげん</rt></ruby>ノート2. <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い/<ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.197</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
<strong class="main-color"><ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く</strong>なってすみません。【Dialogue II: //.8】<br>
I'm sorry for being <strong class="main-color">late</strong>.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
Although both <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い and <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く mean "late," they have different usages, since <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い is an adjective and <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く is an adverb. <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い modifies nouns or works as a predicate, and <ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く modifies verbs.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example AB">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">A</div>
<div class="text">きのう<ruby>一時<rt>いちじ</rt></ruby>に<ruby>寝<rt>ね</rt></ruby>ました。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">B</div>
<div class="text"><strong class="main-color"><ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い</strong>ですね。</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="example AB">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">A</div>
<div class="text">I went to bed at one o'clock yesterday.</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">B</div>
<div class="text">It's <strong class="main-color">late</strong>.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example"><ruby>週末<rt>しゅうまつ</rt></ruby>には、<ruby>十時<rt>じゅうじ</rt></ruby>ごろ<ruby>起<rt>お</rt></ruby>きて、<strong class="main-color"><ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い</strong><ruby>朝<rt>あさ</rt></ruby>ご<ruby>飯<rt>はん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べます。</div>
<div class="example">On weekends, I get up around 10:00 and eat a <strong class="main-color">late</strong> breakfast.</div>
</div>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">きのう、<strong class="main-color"><ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く</strong><ruby>寝<rt>ね</rt></ruby>ました。</div>
<div class="example">I went to bed <strong class="main-color">late</strong> yesterday.</div>
</div>

This rule can also be applied to <ruby>早<rt>はや</rt></ruby>い/<ruby>早<rt>はや</rt></ruby>く.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い = late; slow<br>
<ruby>早<rt>はや</rt></ruby>い = early; fast
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
a. {<ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>い/<ruby>早<rt>はや</rt></ruby>い}+{N/です}<br>
b. {<ruby>遅<rt>おそ</rt></ruby>く/<ruby>早<rt>はや</rt></ruby>く}+V
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
</div>

<h2 id="lesson-grammar-9" class="lesson-title">Lesson 9: Kabuki (かぶき) <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.214-218</span></h2>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -8195,6 +8350,111 @@ <h3 id="l10-p7" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="de、particles、by、with
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l10-p01" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="表現ノート、ひょうげんのーと、hyougennooto、expression notes、て来る、tekuru、to do and come back"><ruby>表現<rt>ひょうげん</rt></ruby>ノート1. ～てくる <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.238</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
じゃあ、たけしさんにおみやげを<ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color">ってきます</strong>よ。【Dialogue I: //.10】<br>
Then I'll <strong class="main-color">go</strong> buy a souvenir for you.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
In the dialogue, Mary tells Takeshi that she will get a souvenir for him during her trip to Hokkaido. You can use the te-form of a verb (<ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby>って in this example) + くる to describe an action performed somewhere else, followed by a movement back to your current location.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>to do ... and come back</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>～てくる</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ol>
<li>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example"><ruby>見<rt>み</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color">てきます</strong>。</div>
<div class="example">I'll <strong class="main-color">go</strong> take a look.</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l10-p02" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="表現ノート、ひょうげんのーと、hyougennooto、expression notes、ga、kedo、but..."><ruby>表現<rt>ひょうげん</rt></ruby>ノート2. ～が/～けど <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.238</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
<ruby>土曜日<rt>どようび</rt></ruby>と<ruby>日曜日<rt>にちようび</rt></ruby>はバスツアーがあります<strong class="main-color">が</strong>……。【Dialogue II: //.4】<br>
There are bus tours on Saturday and Sunday.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
が and けど (but) are sometimes used at the end of a sentence when we want who we're speaking to, to treat what we have just said as a given, common ground to build upon. These words often indicate the speaker's intention to give his/her partner a chance to react and respond. By relegating the right to speak to another, he/she also contributes to the politeness of one's utterance.<br><br>

In the dialogue, the hotel employee lays out the relevant information on the table; there are two tours, one on Saturday and another on Sunday. が attached to her sentence indicates that she wants to build upon, and move forward with, these pieces of information. Instead of asking the obvious question, namely, どちらがいいですか, the hotel employee chooses not to finish her sentence, and lets her customer come forward with an answer immediately.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>but...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>S+{が/けど}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ol>
<li>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example AB">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">A</div>
<div class="text">買いたいです<strong class="main-color">が</strong>…。</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">B</div>
<div class="text">お<ruby>金<rt>かね</rt></ruby>がないよね？じゃあ、<ruby>買<rt>か</rt></ruby>ってあげるわ。</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="example AB">
<div class="line">
<div class="name">A</div>
<div class="text">I'd like to buy it, <strong class="main-color">but</strong>...</div>
</div>
<div class="line">
<div class="name">B</div>
<div class="text">You've got no money, right? I'll buy it for you, then.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>
</div>

<h2 id="lesson-grammar-11" class="lesson-title">Lesson 11: After the Vacation (<ruby>休<rt>やす</rt></ruby>みのあと) <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.258-261</span></h2>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -9225,7 +9485,7 @@ <h3 id="l12-p" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="">. <span class="page-data
</table><br>


<h3 id="l8-p0" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="表現ノート、ひょうげんのーと、hyougennooto、expression notes"><ruby>表現<rt>ひょうげん</rt></ruby>ノート. <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.</span></h3>
<h3 id="l11-p0" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="表現ノート、ひょうげんのーと、hyougennooto、expression notes"><ruby>表現<rt>ひょうげん</rt></ruby>ノート. <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
Expand Down

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