Exposing FFI to python

[renato2099]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #1091

Rationale for this change

Similar to exposing FFI for TableProviders, this PR exposes the capability for exposing CatalogProvider in python, now that apache/datafusion#15280 was merged.

What changes are included in this PR?

Includes the necessary changes to expose the FFICatalogProvider, an example, and the corresponding use case.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, the new register_catalog method in the SessionContext
No breaking changes.

[renato2099]

Hi @timsaucer , if you could please take a pass on this PR , that would be great, thanks!

[timsaucer]

This is great. We had someone open a related issue #1103 and it would be fantastic if we could address both of them at once. Do you think you could enhance this PR to handle python based catalogs and schemas as well? It is something I was planning to work on but I've been hard at work trying to get metadata handling in the upstream repo. I still have a bit of work there before I can focus on this repo again. Which is to say, I can take what you have here (which is great) and work from it if you need.

Does that all make sense?

[renato2099]

Do you think you could enhance this PR to handle python based catalogs and schemas as well?

yes, I can try to do so, I will go and read what this is about and come back :)