Sync variable-length-quantity tests

[FraSanga]

As reported in the recurring task in this repo, I updated the tests and checked their implementation in Elixir.

In this case, five new tests were added and also implemented in Elixir.
The tests pass without changing anything.

[github-actions]

Thank you for contributing to exercism/elixir 💜 🎉. This is an automated PR comment 🤖 for the maintainers of this repository that helps with the PR review process. You can safely ignore it and wait for a maintainer to review your changes.

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Automated comment created by PR Commenter 🤖.

[github-actions]

This PR touches files which potentially affect the outcome of the tests of an exercise. This will cause all students' solutions to affected exercises to be re-tested.

If this PR does not affect the result of the test (or, for example, adds an edge case that is not worth rerunning all tests for), please add the following to the merge-commit message which will stops student's tests from re-running. Please copy-paste to avoid typos.

[no important files changed]

For more information, refer to the documentation. If you are unsure whether to add the message or not, please ping @exercism/maintainers-admin in a comment. Thank you!

[angelikatyborska]

Perfect