Ruff for linting/formatting

[thwllms]

Integrates ruff into the workflow for linting and automatic formatting.

• Integrates ruff linting/formatting as a pre-commit hook
• Includes ruff in CI workflow
• Edits Python code based on linting issues and automatic changes from ruff

Also:

• Adds some badges to the README indicating build status and current release version on PyPI
• Refactors some tests in test_geom (note that these are basically the only human/non-ruff Python code edits)
• Removes unused code in .devcontainer

Note that this update will require devs to update dependencies and install pre-commit hooks:

$ pip install ".[dev]"
$ pre-commit install

[sray014]

Looks good