ci: add govulncheck check and fix GO-2024-2687

[aramase]

/kind feature

• add govulncheck PR gate
• bump golang.org/x/net to v0.23.0+ to fix GO-2024-2687

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 35.83%. Comparing base (bf86dbf) to head (0abfaa3).
Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1496      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   36.58%   35.83%   -0.76%     
==========================================
  Files          63       63              
  Lines        4532     3759     -773     
==========================================
- Hits         1658     1347     -311     
+ Misses       2730     2268     -462     
  Partials      144      144              

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[nilekhc]

/lgtm