Chore: Update Go version to 1.23.8 in workflows and Dockerfiles

[roguepikachu]

Description of your changes

Upgrade go version to 1.23.8

I have:

• Read and followed KubeVela's contribution process.
• Related Docs updated properly. In a new feature or configuration option, an update to the documentation is necessary.
• Run yarn lint to ensure the frontend changes are ready for review.
• Run make reviewableto ensure the server changes are ready for review.
• Added backport release-x.y labels to auto-backport this PR if necessary.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 33.69%. Comparing base (2ab672c) to head (1ad56de).
⚠️ Report is 9 commits behind head on main.

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (2ab672c) and HEAD (1ad56de). Click for more details.

HEAD has 2 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (2ab672c)	HEAD (1ad56de)
server-e2e-tests	2	0

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #921       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   59.01%   33.69%   -25.33%     
===========================================
  Files         116      120        +4     
  Lines       19846    19966      +120     
===========================================
- Hits        11713     6728     -4985     
- Misses       6696    12332     +5636     
+ Partials     1437      906      -531     

Flag	Coverage Δ
apiserver-unittests	33.69% <ø> (+1.07%)	⬆️
server-e2e-tests	?

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.