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Merge pull request #13 from matplotlib/nicolas
Nicolas
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‎README.md

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![](./handout-beginner.png)
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![](./handout-intermediate.png)
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# How to compile
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1. You need to create a `fonts` repository with:
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* `fonts/roboto/*` : See https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto
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* `fonts/roboto-slab/*` : See https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto+Slab
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* `fonts/source-code-pro/*` : See https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Source+Code+Pro
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* `fonts/source-sans-pro/*` : See https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Source+Sans+Pro
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* `fonts/source-serif-pro/*` : See https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Source+Serif+Pro

‎handout-beginner.tex

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showtabs=false,
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tabsize=2,
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%
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emph = { plot, scatter, imshow, bar, contourf, pie,
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emph = { plot, scatter, imshow, bar, contourf, pie, subplots,
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errorbar, boxplot, hist, title, xlabel, ylabel, suptitle },
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emphstyle = {\ttfamily\bfseries}
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}
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%
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\vfill
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%
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{\scriptsize Matplotlib handout for beginners. Copyright (c)
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{\scriptsize Matplotlib 3.2 handout for beginners. Copyright (c)
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2020 Nicolas P. Rougier. Released under a CC-BY International 4.0
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License. Supported by NumFocus Grant \#12345.\par}
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‎handout-intermediate.pdf

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‎handout-intermediate.png

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‎handout-intermediate.tex

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\documentclass[10pt,landscape,a4paper]{article}
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\usepackage[right=10mm, left=10mm, top=10mm, bottom=10mm]{geometry}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage[rm,light]{roboto}
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\usepackage{xcolor}
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\usepackage{graphicx}
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\graphicspath{{./figures/}}
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\usepackage{multicol}
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\usepackage{colortbl}
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\usepackage{array}
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\setlength\parindent{0pt}
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\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
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\baselineskip=0pt
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\setlength\columnsep{1em}
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\definecolor{Gray}{gray}{0.85}
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% --- Listing -----------------------------------------------------------------
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\usepackage{listings}
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\lstset{
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frame=tb, framesep=4pt, framerule=0pt,
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backgroundcolor=\color{black!5},
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basicstyle=\ttfamily,
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commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{black!50},
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breakatwhitespace=false,
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breaklines=true,
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extendedchars=true,
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keepspaces=true,
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language=Python,
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rulecolor=\color{black},
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showspaces=false,
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showstringspaces=false,
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showtabs=false,
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tabsize=2,
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%
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emph = { plot, scatter, imshow, bar, contourf, pie, subplots, spines,
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add_gridspec, add_subplot, set_xscale, set_minor_locator,
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annotate, set_minor_formatter, tick_params, fill_betweenx, text, legend,
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errorbar, boxplot, hist, title, xlabel, ylabel, suptitle },
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emphstyle = {\ttfamily\bfseries}
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}
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% --- Fonts -------------------------------------------------------------------
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\usepackage{fontspec}
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\usepackage[babel=true]{microtype}
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\defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures = TeX, Mapping = tex-text}
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\setsansfont{Roboto} [ Path = fonts/roboto/Roboto-,
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Extension = .ttf,
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UprightFont = Light,
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ItalicFont = LightItalic,
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BoldFont = Regular,
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BoldItalicFont = Italic ]
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\setromanfont{RobotoSlab} [ Path = fonts/roboto-slab/RobotoSlab-,
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Extension = .ttf,
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UprightFont = Light,
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BoldFont = Bold ]
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\setmonofont{RobotoMono} [ Path = fonts/roboto-mono/RobotoMono-,
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Extension = .ttf,
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Scale = 0.90,
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UprightFont = Light,
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ItalicFont = LightItalic,
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BoldFont = Regular,
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BoldItalicFont = Italic ]
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\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{document}
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\thispagestyle{empty}
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\section*{\LARGE \rmfamily
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Matplotlib \textcolor{orange}{\mdseries for intermediate users}}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}
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A matplotlib figure is composed of a hierarchy of elements that forms
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the actual figure. Each element can be modified. \medskip
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{anatomy-cropped.pdf}
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Figure, axes \& spines}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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fig, axs = plt.subplots((3,3))
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axs[0,0].set_facecolor("#ddddff")
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axs[2,2].set_facecolor("#ffffdd")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{layout-subplot-color.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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gs = fig.add_gridspec(3, 3)
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ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :])
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ax.set_facecolor("#ddddff")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{layout-gridspec-color.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{tabular}{@{}m{.821\linewidth}m{.169\linewidth}}
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\begin{lstlisting}[belowskip=-\baselineskip]
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fig, ax = plt.subplots()
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ax.spines["top"].set_color("None")
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ax.spines["right"].set_color("None")
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\end{lstlisting}
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& \raisebox{-0.75em}{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{layout-spines.pdf}}
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\end{tabular}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Ticks \& labels}
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\begin{lstlisting}[basicstyle=\ttfamily\small]
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from mpl.ticker import MultipleLocator as ML
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from mpl.ticker import ScalarFormatter as SF
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ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ML(0.2))
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ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(SF())
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ax.tick_params(axis='x',which='minor',rotation=90)
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\end{lstlisting}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{tick-multiple-locator.pdf}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Lines \& markers}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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X = np.linspace(0.1, 10*np.pi, 1000)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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ax.plot(X, Y, "C1o:", markevery=25, mec="1.0")
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\end{lstlisting}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine-marker.pdf}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Scales \& Projections}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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fig, ax = plt.subplots()
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ax.set_xscale("log")
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ax.plot(X, Y, "C1o-", markevery=25, mec="1.0")
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\end{lstlisting}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine-logscale.pdf}
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Text \& Ornaments}
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\begin{lstlisting}[]
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ax.fill_betweenx([-1,1],[0],[2*np.pi])
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ax.text(0, -1, r" Period $\Phi$")
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\end{lstlisting}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine-period.pdf}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Legend}
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\begin{lstlisting}[]
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ax.plot(X, np.sin(X), "C0", label="Sine")
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ax.plot(X, np.cos(X), "C1", label="Cosine")
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ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0,1,1,.1),ncol=2,
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mode="expand", loc="lower left")
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\end{lstlisting}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine-legend.pdf}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Annotation}
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\begin{lstlisting}[]
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ax.annotate("A", (X[250],Y[250]),(X[250],-1),
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ha="center", va="center",arrowprops =
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{"arrowstyle" : "->", "color": "C1"})
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\end{lstlisting}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sine-annotate.pdf}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Colors}
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Any color can be used but Matplotlib offers sets of colors:\\
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{colors-cycle.pdf} \smallskip
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{colors-grey.pdf}\\
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%As well as nice colormaps (viridis an magma):\\
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%\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{colormap-viridis.pdf} \smallskip
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%\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{colormap-magma.pdf} \medskip
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\subsection*{\rmfamily Size \& DPI}
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Consider a square figure to be included in a two-columns A4 paper with
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2cm margins on each side and a column separation of 1cm. The width of
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a figure is (21 - 2*2 - 1)/2 = 8cm. One inch being 2.54cm, figure size
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should be 3.15$\times$3.15 in.
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\begin{lstlisting}[]
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fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3.15,3.15), dpi=50)
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plt.savefig("figure.pdf", dpi=600)
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\end{lstlisting}
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\vfill
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%
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{\scriptsize Matplotlib 3.2 handout for intermediate users. Copyright
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(c) 2020 Nicolas P. Rougier. Released under a CC-BY 4.0
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License. Supported by NumFocus Grant \#12345.\par}
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\end{multicols*}
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\end{document}
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‎scripts/layouts.py

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plt.savefig("../figures/layout-subplot.pdf")
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fig.clear()
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# Subplots (colored)
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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nrows, ncols = 3,3
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for i in range(nrows*ncols):
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ax = plt.subplot(ncols, nrows, i+1)
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ax.set_xticks([]), ax.set_yticks([])
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if i == 0: ax.set_facecolor("#ddddff")
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if i == 8: ax.set_facecolor("#ffdddd")
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plt.savefig("../figures/layout-subplot-color.pdf")
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fig.clear()
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# Spines
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1, xticks=[], yticks=[])
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ax.spines["top"].set_color("None")
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ax.spines["right"].set_color("None")
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plt.savefig("../figures/layout-spines.pdf")
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fig.clear()
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# Gridspec
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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plt.savefig("../figures/layout-gridspec.pdf")
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fig.clear()
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# Gridspec (colored)
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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gs = fig.add_gridspec(3, 3)
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ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :], xticks=[], yticks=[])
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ax1.set_facecolor("#ddddff")
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ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, :-1], xticks=[], yticks=[])
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ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1:, -1], xticks=[], yticks=[])
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ax4 = fig.add_subplot(gs[-1, 0], xticks=[], yticks=[])
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ax5 = fig.add_subplot(gs[-1, -2], xticks=[], yticks=[])
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plt.savefig("../figures/layout-gridspec-color.pdf")
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fig.clear()
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# Inset axes
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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mpl.rc('axes', linewidth=.5)

‎scripts/sine.py

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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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X = np.linspace(0, 10*np.pi, 1000)
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X = np.linspace(0.1, 10*np.pi, 10000)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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plt.figure = plt.figure(figsize=(8,2))
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plt.plot(X, Y, color="orange", linewidth=2)
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# fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,2))
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# plt.plot(X, Y, color="orange", linewidth=2)
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# plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
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# plt.tight_layout()
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plt.savefig("../figures/sine.pdf", dpi=100)
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plt.show()
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# plt.savefig("../figures/sine.pdf", dpi=100)
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# fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7,1.5))
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# plt.plot(X, Y, "C1o:", markevery=500, mec="1.0", lw=2, ms=8.5, mew=2)
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# # plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
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# plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
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# plt.tight_layout()
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# plt.savefig("../figures/sine-marker.pdf", dpi=100)
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# fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7,1.5))
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# ax.set_xscale("log")
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# ax.plot(X, Y, "-")
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# plt.plot(X, Y, "C1o-", markevery=500, mec="1.0", lw=2, ms=8.5, mew=2)
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# #plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
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# plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
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# plt.tight_layout()
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# plt.savefig("../figures/sine-logscale.pdf", dpi=100)
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# fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7,1.5))
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# plt.plot(X, Y, "C1", lw=2)
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# plt.fill_betweenx([-1.5,1.5],[0],[2*np.pi], color=".9")
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# plt.text(0, -1, r" Period $\Phi$")
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# # plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
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# plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
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# plt.tight_layout()
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# plt.savefig("../figures/sine-period.pdf", dpi=100)
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# plt.show()
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# fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7,1.5))
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# plt.plot(X, np.sin(X), "C0", lw=2, label="Sine")
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# plt.plot(X, np.cos(X), "C1", lw=2, label="Cosine")
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# plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor = (0.0, .9, 1.02, 0.1),
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# frameon=False, mode="expand", ncol=2, loc="lower left")
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# plt.title("Sine and Cosine")
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# plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
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# plt.ylim(-1.25, 1.25)
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# plt.tight_layout()
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# plt.savefig("../figures/sine-legend.pdf", dpi=100)
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# plt.show()
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fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7,1.5))
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X = np.linspace(0, 10*np.pi, 1000)
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Y = np.sin(X)
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plt.plot(X, Y, "C1o-", markevery=50, mec="1.0", lw=2, ms=8.5, mew=2)
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# plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
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plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
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plt.annotate(" ", (X[200],Y[200]), (X[250], -1), ha="center", va="center",
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arrowprops = {"arrowstyle" : "->", "color": "C1"})
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plt.annotate("A", (X[250],Y[250]), (X[250], -1), ha="center", va="center",
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arrowprops = {"arrowstyle" : "->", "color": "C1"})
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plt.annotate(" ", (X[300],Y[300]), (X[250], -1), ha="center", va="center",
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arrowprops = {"arrowstyle" : "->", "color": "C1"})
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plt.tight_layout()
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plt.savefig("../figures/sine-annotate.pdf", dpi=100)
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# plt.show()

‎scripts/tick-locators-single.py

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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Title: Scientific Visualisation - Python & Matplotlib
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# Author: Nicolas P. Rougier
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# License: BSD
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# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
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# Setup a plot such that only the bottom spine is shown
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def setup(ax):
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ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
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ax.spines['left'].set_color('none')
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ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.NullLocator())
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ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
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ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
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ax.tick_params(which='major', width=1.00)
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ax.tick_params(which='major', length=5)
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ax.tick_params(which='minor', width=0.75)
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ax.tick_params(which='minor', length=2.5)
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ax.set_xlim(0, 5)
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ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
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ax.patch.set_alpha(0.0)
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fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5, .5))
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fig.patch.set_alpha(0.0)
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n = 1
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fontsize = 18
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family = "Source Code Pro"
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# Null Locator
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ax = plt.subplot(n, 1, 1)
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setup(ax)
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ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(1))
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ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(.1))
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plt.savefig("../figures/tick-multiple-locator.pdf", transparent=True)
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plt.show()

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