feat: Add ability to specify cardinality limit via Instrument advice

[cijothomas]

Continuing from #2901
This adds ability to configure cardinality_limit via Instrument Advisory Parameter.
Added tests to cover the new addition.

Still pending is the test coverage for all other instrument types and doc updates. This will be follow ups.

Note that OTel spec does not have anything (yet) for configuring cardinality limits via Advisory. But spec does not prohibit language specific additions either. We could make this under feature flag - if anyone feels strongly about this, please let me know in comments, and I can add a feature flag. Given cardinality limit is a well understood concept (stable spec), I don't see any risk with exposing public API for the same via Advisory. Exposing another feature flag, documenting it, and later removing it is not worth IMHO.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.57692% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.3%. Comparing base (1760889) to head (e2fc6f4).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
opentelemetry/src/metrics/instruments/mod.rs	38.8%	11 Missing ⚠️
opentelemetry-sdk/src/metrics/mod.rs	94.2%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #2903    +/-   ##
======================================
  Coverage   81.3%   81.3%            
======================================
  Files        126     126            
  Lines      24156   24256   +100     
======================================
+ Hits       19649   19734    +85     
- Misses      4507    4522    +15     

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