Scripts to perform edge detection with Sobel filter

Image-Processing/Sobel-edge-detection/README.md

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+
+## Canny Edge-detection ##
+
+- This script implements the sobel filter for edge detection without the use of the openCV in-built functions.
+- The basic principle used here is convolution.
+- A kernel, a matrix of size(3X3 or 5X5) is often chosen and is convoluted over the image.(which is a matrix of pixels)
+- In RGB images there are 3 channels, while in grayscale there is only 1 channel.
+
+## Implementation ##
+
+- To run the scripts the user needs to run -
+    pip install opencv
+
+- The path to the image needs to be mentioned
+- The image is converted to grayscale and then blurred
+- The sobel kernel in the X-direction is [-1,-2,-1,0,0,0,1,2,1]
+- The sobel kernel in the Y-direction is [-1,0,1,-2,0,2,-1,0,1]
+
+## Working ##
+
+This is the example image to begin with :
+
+![Image](Lion.JPG)
+
+This is the final image after running the filter :
+
+![Image](after.png)

Image-Processing/Sobel-edge-detection/sobel-edge-detect.py

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+import numpy as np
+import cv2
+from google.colab.patches import cv2_imshow
+from math import sqrt, atan
+
+#This script can be used for edge-detection without the use of any inbuilt openCV libraries
+#Here the sobel filter is applied after blurring the image.
+
+kernelblur = np.array([1/16, 1/8, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/8, 1/16]).reshape(3, 3)
+kernelsobelX = np.array([-1, -2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1]).reshape(3, 3)
+kernelsobelY = kernelsobelX.transpose()
+
+def convolute(img, kernel, height, width):
+  pixels = []
+
+  #pixels are extracted from the image converted to grayscale
+  for i in range(height):
+    for j in range(width):
+      pixels.append(img[i, j])
+
+  #The pixels array is resized in accordance with the size of the image
+  pixels = np.array(pixels).reshape(height, width)
+
+  #To handle the edge cases, sentinel values are used
+  #The pixels array is bound by zeros on all edges
+
+            # 00000000
+            # 0PIXELS0
+            # 00000000
+  #This is done to ensure that the kernel is applied to all the pixels
+  #Sentinel values to ensure the edges arent missed out
+  #Along the rows and columns
+  pixels = np.insert(pixels, [0, height], np.zeros(len(pixels[0])), axis = 0)
+  pixels = np.insert(pixels, [0, width], np.zeros((len(pixels[:, 0]), 1)), axis = 1)
+
+  #Convolution is applied here
+  apply_filter = []
+  for i in range(1, height):
+    for j in range(1, width):
+      temp = pixels[i:i+3, j:j+3]
+      product = np.multiply(temp, kernel)
+      apply_filter.append(sum(sum(product)))
+
+  #The pixels are converted back to the image
+  apply_filter = np.array(apply_filter).reshape(height-1, width-1)
+  return(apply_filter)
+
+def sobel(img):
+  height = img.shape[0]
+  width = img.shape[1]
+
+  #The image is blurred, so the noise is removed
+  blur = convolute(img, kernelblur, height, width)
+
+  height = height - 1
+  width = width - 1
+
+  #The sobel filter is applied in the X and Y direction separately
+  convoluted_Y = convolute(blur, kernelsobelX, height, width)
+  convoluted_X = convolute(blur, kernelsobelY, height, width)
+
+  #Every pixel in convoluted_X can be called gx, in convoluted_Y can be called gy,
+  #The resultant will be sqrt(pow(gx**2) + pow(gy**2))
+  resultant = []
+  for i in range(height - 1):
+    for j in range(width - 1):
+      in_x = pow(convoluted_X[i, j], 2)
+      in_y = pow(convoluted_Y[i, j], 2)
+      gradient = sqrt(in_x + in_y)
+      reusultant.append(grad) 
+  resultant = np.array(resultant).reshape(height-1, width-1)
+  cv2_imshow(resultant)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    img = cv2.imread("/path to image", 0)
+    sobel(img)