Fix checks for invalid arguments (backport #497)

[mergify]

This PR fixes

• Check for rmw impl identifier before other args in rmw_take_serialized in test_rmw_implementation/test_subscription by checking if the RMW implementation_identifier matches and returning RMW_RET_INCORRECT_RMW_IMPLEMENTATION before checking if message_info is null and returning RMW_RET_INVALID_ARGUMENT.
• Various argument checks in test_graph_api, test_unique_identifiers and test_client resp.

(See each commit)

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #497 done by Mergify.