NonZero<Int>: add conversions (From/TryFrom) for floats and other integer types

[poliorcetics]

We have add conversions between different integer types for quite some time but never had them
for non-zero types.

I added the const forms of the impls to #87852 because it mentioned them already. Tell me if I
should create a new tracking issue instead.

[rustbot]

r? @scottmcm

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[rustbot]

Hey! It looks like you've submitted a new PR for the library teams!

If this PR contains changes to any rust-lang/rust public library APIs then please comment with @rustbot label +T-libs-api -T-libs to tag it appropriately. If this PR contains changes to any unstable APIs please edit the PR description to add a link to the relevant API Change Proposal or create one if you haven't already. If you're unsure where your change falls no worries, just leave it as is and the reviewer will take a look and make a decision to forward on if necessary.

Examples of T-libs-api changes:

• Stabilizing library features
• Introducing insta-stable changes such as new implementations of existing stable traits on existing stable types
• Introducing new or changing existing unstable library APIs (excluding permanently unstable features / features without a tracking issue)
• Changing public documentation in ways that create new stability guarantees
• Changing observable runtime behavior of library APIs

[poliorcetics]

@rustbot label +T-libs-api -T-libs

[scottmcm]

You need an ACP for all additions now, and libs-api oversight is particularly important for things like traits (that are insta-stable), even more so here since the PR build is demonstrating that this will cause inference breakage.

r? rust-lang/libs-api

[rust-log-analyzer]

The job x86_64-gnu-llvm-14 failed! Check out the build log: (web) (plain)

Click to see the possible cause of the failure (guessed by this bot)

Prepare all required actions
Getting action download info
Download action repository 'actions/checkout@v3' (SHA:ac593985615ec2ede58e132d2e21d2b1cbd6127c)
Download action repository 'rust-lang/simpleinfra@master' (SHA:75573f9759179a720f4c3af6c9fb518ac0061dca)
Complete job name: PR (x86_64-gnu-llvm-14, false, ubuntu-20.04-xl)
git config --global core.autocrlf false
shell: /usr/bin/bash --noprofile --norc -e -o pipefail {0}
env:
  CI_JOB_NAME: x86_64-gnu-llvm-14
---

43    |                                            |
44    |                                            required by a bound introduced by this call
45    |
-    = note: multiple `impl`s satisfying `u32: From<_>` found in the following crates: `core`, `std`:
-            - impl From<Ipv4Addr> for u32;
-            - impl From<NonZeroU32> for u32;
-            - impl From<bool> for u32;
-            - impl From<char> for u32;
-            - impl From<u16> for u32;
-            - impl From<u8> for u32;
-            - impl<T> From<!> for T;
-            - impl<T> From<T> for T;
+    = note: cannot satisfy `u32: From<_>`
+    = help: the following types implement trait `From<T>`:
+              <u32 as From<Ipv4Addr>>
+              <u32 as From<NonZeroU16>>
+              <u32 as From<NonZeroU32>>
+              <u32 as From<NonZeroU8>>
+              <u32 as From<bool>>
+              <u32 as From<char>>
+              <u32 as From<u16>>
+              <u32 as From<u8>>
56    |
56    |
57 LL |     let ips: Vec<_> = (0..100_000).map(|_| u32::from(<u32 as Into<T>>::into(0u32))).collect();

The actual stderr differed from the expected stderr.
Actual stderr saved to /checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/test/ui/traits/issue-77982/issue-77982.stderr
To update references, rerun the tests and pass the `--bless` flag
To update references, rerun the tests and pass the `--bless` flag
To only update this specific test, also pass `--test-args traits/issue-77982.rs`

error: 1 errors occurred comparing output.
status: exit status: 1
command: "/checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage2/bin/rustc" "/checkout/tests/ui/traits/issue-77982.rs" "-Zthreads=1" "--target=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" "--error-format" "json" "--json" "future-incompat" "-Ccodegen-units=1" "-Zui-testing" "-Zsimulate-remapped-rust-src-base=/rustc/FAKE_PREFIX" "-Ztranslate-remapped-path-to-local-path=no" "-Zdeduplicate-diagnostics=no" "-Cstrip=debuginfo" "--remap-path-prefix=/checkout/tests/ui=fake-test-src-base" "--emit" "metadata" "-C" "prefer-dynamic" "--out-dir" "/checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/test/ui/traits/issue-77982" "-A" "unused" "-Crpath" "-Cdebuginfo=0" "-Lnative=/checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/native/rust-test-helpers" "-L" "/checkout/obj/build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/test/ui/traits/issue-77982/auxiliary"
stdout: none
--- stderr -------------------------------
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:8:10
   |
   |
LL |     opts.get(opt.as_ref()); //~ ERROR type annotations needed
   |          ^^^ ------------ type must be known at this point
   |          |
   |          cannot infer type of the type parameter `Q` declared on the associated function `get`
   |
   = note: multiple `impl`s satisfying `String: Borrow<_>` found in the following crates: `alloc`, `core`:
           - impl Borrow<str> for String;
           - impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
             where T: ?Sized;
note: required by a bound in `HashMap::<K, V, S>::get`
  --> /rustc/FAKE_PREFIX/library/std/src/collections/hash/map.rs:876:5
help: consider specifying the generic argument
   |
LL |     opts.get::<Q>(opt.as_ref()); //~ ERROR type annotations needed

error[E0283]: type annotations needed
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:8:10
   |
   |
LL |     opts.get(opt.as_ref()); //~ ERROR type annotations needed
   |          ^^^     ------ type must be known at this point
   |          |
   |          cannot infer type of the type parameter `Q` declared on the associated function `get`
   |
   = note: multiple `impl`s satisfying `String: AsRef<_>` found in the following crates: `alloc`, `std`:
           - impl AsRef<OsStr> for String;
           - impl AsRef<Path> for String;
           - impl AsRef<[u8]> for String;
           - impl AsRef<str> for String;
help: consider specifying the generic argument
   |
LL |     opts.get::<Q>(opt.as_ref()); //~ ERROR type annotations needed

error[E0283]: type annotations needed
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:13:59
   |
   |
LL |     let ips: Vec<_> = (0..100_000).map(|_| u32::from(0u32.into())).collect();
   |                                            |
   |                                            required by a bound introduced by this call
   |
   |
   = note: cannot satisfy `u32: From<_>`
   = help: the following types implement trait `From<T>`:
             <u32 as From<Ipv4Addr>>
             <u32 as From<NonZeroU16>>
             <u32 as From<NonZeroU32>>
             <u32 as From<NonZeroU8>>
             <u32 as From<bool>>
             <u32 as From<char>>
             <u32 as From<u16>>
             <u32 as From<u8>>
   |
   |
LL |     let ips: Vec<_> = (0..100_000).map(|_| u32::from(<u32 as Into<T>>::into(0u32))).collect();

error[E0283]: type annotations needed for `Box<T>`
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:36:9
   |
   |
LL |     let _ = ().foo(); //~ ERROR type annotations needed
   |         ^      --- type must be known at this point
   |
note: multiple `impl`s satisfying `(): Foo<'_, _>` found
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:29:1
   |
LL | impl Foo<'static, u32> for () {}
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
LL | impl<'a> Foo<'a, i16> for () {}
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
help: consider giving this pattern a type, where the type for type parameter `T` is specified
   |
LL |     let _: Box<T> = ().foo(); //~ ERROR type annotations needed

error[E0283]: type annotations needed for `Box<T>`
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:40:9
   |
   |
LL |     let _ = (&()).bar(); //~ ERROR type annotations needed
   |         ^         --- type must be known at this point
   |
note: multiple `impl`s satisfying `&(): Bar<'_, _>` found
  --> fake-test-src-base/traits/issue-77982.rs:32:1
   |
LL | impl<'a> Bar<'static, u32> for &'a () {}
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
LL | impl<'a> Bar<'a, i16> for &'a () {}
   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
help: consider giving this pattern a type, where the type for type parameter `T` is specified
   |
LL |     let _: Box<T> = (&()).bar(); //~ ERROR type annotations needed

error: aborting due to 5 previous errors

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0283`.

[Dylan-DPC]

Closing this as no ACP was created, which with that plus the time it takes for acp to be merged is long enough that this pr will remain stale for a long time.