fix: emit diagnostic for useless #[path] attribute on inline modules

[ravlynd]

Closes #157260.

This PR adds a warning for #[path] attributes on inline modules when the attribute has no effect.

It also adds UI tests covering both warning and non-warning cases.

r? @theemathas

[rustbot]

Some changes occurred in compiler/rustc_passes/src/check_attr.rs

cc @jdonszelmann, @JonathanBrouwer

Some changes occurred in compiler/rustc_attr_parsing

cc @jdonszelmann, @JonathanBrouwer

Some changes occurred in compiler/rustc_hir/src/attrs

cc @jdonszelmann, @JonathanBrouwer

[rustbot]

Thanks for the pull request, and welcome! The Rust Project is excited to review your changes, and you should hear from @theemathas (or someone else) some time within the next two weeks.

Please see the contribution instructions for more information. Namely, in order to ensure the minimum review times lag, PR authors and assigned reviewers should ensure that the review label (S-waiting-on-review and S-waiting-on-author) stays updated, invoking these commands when appropriate:

• @rustbot author: the review is finished, PR author should check the comments and take action accordingly
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[theemathas]

r? compiler