Fix a segmentation fault in Jacobian()

[user202729]

See the newly added test, previously it segmentation faults.

the reason is the inner loop loop_over_rectangular_box_points accesses i_min = box_min[0] without any bound checking, this will segmentation fault if box_min is empty.

📝 Checklist

• The title is concise and informative.
• The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
• I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
• I have created tests covering the changes.
• I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation preview.

⌛ Dependencies

[github-actions]

Documentation preview for this PR (built with commit aed2017; changes) is ready! 🎉
This preview will update shortly after each push to this PR.

[kwankyu]

The docstring says

* "X" -- polynomial, algebraic variety, or anything else that has a
  Jacobian elliptic curve

Is GF(11)['x,y'](3) a proper input?

Preventing segmentation fault even for improper inputs seems to be a good thing. But the "TEST" seems to be misplaced. A "TEST" may be added to src/sage/geometry/integral_points.pxi. Or, in my opinion, no "TEST" is acceptable since it is unlikely to break again.