test: Bump Kafka to 3.7.2, Add 3.9.0

[NickLarsenNZ]

Description

Part of stackabletech/docker-images#968.

• Update Kafka version in gettting-started latest LTE patch (3.7.2)
• Update Kafka versions in tests:
  • Bump 3.7.1 to 3.7.2
  • Add 3.9.0.
  • Set upgrade test to do 3.8.0 -> 3.9.0 (awaiting feedback from @sbernauer)

Definition of Done Checklist

• Not all of these items are applicable to all PRs, the author should update this template to only leave the boxes in that are relevant
• Please make sure all these things are done and tick the boxes

Author

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1. Changes are OpenShift compatible
2. Helm chart can be installed and deployed operator works
3. Integration tests passed (for non trivial changes)

Reviewer

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1. Code contains useful comments
2. Code contains useful logging statements
3. (Integration-)Test cases added
4. Documentation added or updated. Follows the style guide.
5. Changelog updated
6. Cargo.toml only contains references to git tags (not specific commits or branches)

Acceptance

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1. Feature Tracker has been updated
2. Proper release label has been added
3. Roadmap has been updated