add initial nuttx-rv64ilp32 result

Signed-off-by: Yanfeng Liu <[email protected]>

docs/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 Some notes on NuttX
 
-How [clean](leakless-ostest) is NuttX?
-
+- How [clean](leakless-ostest) is NuttX?
+- How does [NuttX with rv64ilp32](nuttx-rv64ilp32) feel like?

docs/nuttx-rv64ilp32.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# NuttX with RV64ILP32
+
+This page shares information about NuttX built with the `rv64ilp32` toolchain.
+
+## The Problem
+
+Many AIoT chips using RISC-V in the market take rv64 profiles but with limited memory size support. They can run 64-bit Linux but not too much room left to apps. The industry addressed this with the `rv64ilp32` ABI which uses 32-bit pointers on rv64 CPU to reduce footprint and improve cache performance, while at same time enjoying the 64-bit processing power, see the [LWN page](https://lwn.net/Articles/951187) for more background information.
+
+Though the requirements for `rv64ilp32` from Linux looks more urgent than RTOS, but chasing of efficiency is also the key for RTOS.
+
+So how can NuttX benefit from this `rv64ilp32` thing?
+
+## The toolchain
+
+After downloading the [RuyiSDK rv64ilp32 toolchain](https://github.com/ruyisdk/riscv-gnu-toolchain-rv64ilp32/releases), playing the `hello` demo and raising questions to the friendly toolchain experts, concepts about how it works have been established.
+
+Here are the major points:
+
+- The `rv64ilp32` program is of ELF-32 class, but with flag 0x25;
+- The `-rsicv64ilp32` named QEMU tools in the toolchain not only support the `rv64ilp32` program format, but also support masking of the higher 32-bit addresses used by the program;
+- The toolchain uses `-march=rv64`, `-mabi=ilp32` for rv64ilp32 binaries;
+- The compiler has `__riscv_xlen_t==64` and `sizeof(void*)==32` defined for programs to adapt themselves;
+- Requirements for the RV64 chip support is still to be checked.
+
+## Building NuttX
+
+With toolchain knowledge and some tweaks like below:
+
+- Add `rv64ilp32` toolchain in `arch/risc-v` Kconfig and Toolchain.cmake to support generation of nuttx-rv64ilp32 binary.
+- Add a type for register width data in `arch/risc-v` layer, with some tweaking of the code base to support both existing 64-bit and 32-bit ABIs and the new rv64ilp32 ABI.
+
+Thanks to NuttX's well designed structure, the `nuttx-ilp32` image can boot smoothly on the QEMU comes with the toolchain and `ostest` also passed, though there are still some cleanups left behind.
+
+## Initial comparison
+
+Here are initial comparisons between normal `lp64` and the `rv64ilp32`, the baseline configuration is `rv-virt/nsh64`. The toolchain used for `lp64` is the stock `gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf` package version 10.2.0, and the rv64ilp32 toolchain used is the 2024.05.23 release.
+
+Compiler switches `-g -Os` are both present, as this isn't a formal comparison but just to give the basic idea.
+
+Static footprints with `C` extension:
+
+```
+$ size nuttx-*
+   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
+ 176861     397   10256  187514   2dc7a nuttx-ilp32
+ 173171     681   12416  186268   2d79c nuttx-lp64
+```
+
+Dynamic footprints with `C` extension:
+
+```
+nsh> cat /proc/version
+NuttX version 12.4.0 77abbe5a43-dirty Jun  6 2024 16:22:56 rv-virt/nsh64ilp32
+nsh> free
+                 total       used       free    maxused    maxfree  nused  nfree
+      Umem:   33364764       8068   33356696       8052   33356664     21      2
+
+nsh> cat /proc/version
+NuttX version 12.4.0 5ce64a46a5-dirty Jun  6 2024 16:23:33 rv-virt/nsh64
+nsh> free
+                 total       used       free    maxused    maxfree  nused  nfree
+      Umem:   33366008      10344   33355664      10312   33355616     21      2
+```
+
+We can see that the code size if `rv64ilp32` is slightly(2.13%) bigger, and data memory reduced 18% or 22% for static or dynamic regions.
+
+## The C extension
+
+When sharing the initial comparison with RuyiSDK people, they suggested to turn off the compressed instruction extension `C` and recheck the text sizes.
+
+So here we have a another list, while the rv64ilp32 program's text size is smaller:
+
+```
+$ size nuttx-*
+   text     data      bss      dec      hex  filename
+ 231321      397    10256   241974    3b136  nuttx-ilp32
+ 231441      681    12416   244538    3bb3a  nuttx-lp64
+```
+
+Experts further said that current RISC-V ISA C extension doesn't have enough considerations for the `rv64ilp32` ABI, thus code size is slightly larger when the ISA C extension is turned on.
+
+Let's hope the RISC-V ISA C extension can evolve to support `rv64ilp32` better in the future.