Make create_array signatures consistent

changes/2819.chore.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Ensure that invocations of ``create_array`` use consistent keyword arguments, with consistent defaults.
+Specifically, ``zarr.api.synchronous.create_array`` now takes a ``write_data`` keyword argument; The
+``create_array`` method on ``zarr.Group`` takes ``data`` and ``write_data`` keyword arguments. The ``fill_value``
+keyword argument of the various invocations of ``create_array`` has been consistently set to ``None``, where previously it was either ``None`` or ``0``.

src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py

@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ async def open_group(
 async def create(
     shape: ChunkCoords | int,
     *,  # Note: this is a change from v2
-    chunks: ChunkCoords | int | None = None,  # TODO: v2 allowed chunks=True
+    chunks: ChunkCoords | int | bool | None = None,
     dtype: npt.DTypeLike | None = None,
     compressor: dict[str, JSON] | None = None,  # TODO: default and type change
     fill_value: Any | None = 0,  # TODO: need type

src/zarr/api/synchronous.py

@@ -759,11 +759,12 @@ def create_array(
     order: MemoryOrder | None = None,
     zarr_format: ZarrFormat | None = 3,
     attributes: dict[str, JSON] | None = None,
-    chunk_key_encoding: ChunkKeyEncoding | ChunkKeyEncodingLike | None = None,
+    chunk_key_encoding: ChunkKeyEncodingLike | None = None,
     dimension_names: Iterable[str] | None = None,
     storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     overwrite: bool = False,
     config: ArrayConfigLike | None = None,
+    write_data: bool = True,
 ) -> Array:
     """Create an array.
 
@@ -857,6 +858,11 @@ def create_array(
         Whether to overwrite an array with the same name in the store, if one exists.
     config : ArrayConfigLike, optional
         Runtime configuration for the array.
+    write_data : bool
+        If a pre-existing array-like object was provided to this function via the ``data`` parameter
+        then ``write_data`` determines whether the values in that array-like object should be
+        written to the Zarr array created by this function. If ``write_data`` is ``False``, then the
+        array will be left empty.
 
     Returns
     -------
@@ -897,6 +903,7 @@ def create_array(
                 storage_options=storage_options,
                 overwrite=overwrite,
                 config=config,
+                write_data=write_data,
             )
         )
     )

src/zarr/core/group.py

@@ -987,22 +987,24 @@ async def create_array(
         self,
         name: str,
         *,
-        shape: ShapeLike,
-        dtype: npt.DTypeLike,
+        shape: ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: npt.DTypeLike | None = None,
+        data: np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[Any]] | None = None,
         chunks: ChunkCoords | Literal["auto"] = "auto",
         shards: ShardsLike | None = None,
         filters: FiltersLike = "auto",
         compressors: CompressorsLike = "auto",
         compressor: CompressorLike = "auto",
         serializer: SerializerLike = "auto",
-        fill_value: Any | None = 0,
+        fill_value: Any | None = None,
         order: MemoryOrder | None = None,
         attributes: dict[str, JSON] | None = None,
-        chunk_key_encoding: ChunkKeyEncoding | ChunkKeyEncodingLike | None = None,
+        chunk_key_encoding: ChunkKeyEncodingLike | None = None,
         dimension_names: Iterable[str] | None = None,
         storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         overwrite: bool = False,
-        config: ArrayConfig | ArrayConfigLike | None = None,
+        config: ArrayConfigLike | None = None,
+        write_data: bool = True,
     ) -> AsyncArray[ArrayV2Metadata] | AsyncArray[ArrayV3Metadata]:
         """Create an array within this group.
 
@@ -1090,6 +1092,11 @@ async def create_array(
             Whether to overwrite an array with the same name in the store, if one exists.
         config : ArrayConfig or ArrayConfigLike, optional
             Runtime configuration for the array.
+        write_data : bool
+            If a pre-existing array-like object was provided to this function via the ``data`` parameter
+            then ``write_data`` determines whether the values in that array-like object should be
+            written to the Zarr array created by this function. If ``write_data`` is ``False``, then the
+            array will be left empty.
 
         Returns
         -------
@@ -1104,6 +1111,7 @@ async def create_array(
             name=name,
             shape=shape,
             dtype=dtype,
+            data=data,
             chunks=chunks,
             shards=shards,
             filters=filters,
@@ -1118,6 +1126,7 @@ async def create_array(
             storage_options=storage_options,
             overwrite=overwrite,
             config=config,
+            write_data=write_data,
         )
 
     @deprecated("Use AsyncGroup.create_array instead.")
@@ -2358,22 +2367,24 @@ def create_array(
         self,
         name: str,
         *,
-        shape: ShapeLike,
-        dtype: npt.DTypeLike,
+        shape: ShapeLike | None = None,
+        dtype: npt.DTypeLike | None = None,
+        data: np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[Any]] | None = None,
         chunks: ChunkCoords | Literal["auto"] = "auto",
         shards: ShardsLike | None = None,
         filters: FiltersLike = "auto",
         compressors: CompressorsLike = "auto",
         compressor: CompressorLike = "auto",
         serializer: SerializerLike = "auto",
-        fill_value: Any | None = 0,
-        order: MemoryOrder | None = "C",
+        fill_value: Any | None = None,
+        order: MemoryOrder | None = None,
         attributes: dict[str, JSON] | None = None,
-        chunk_key_encoding: ChunkKeyEncoding | ChunkKeyEncodingLike | None = None,
+        chunk_key_encoding: ChunkKeyEncodingLike | None = None,
         dimension_names: Iterable[str] | None = None,
         storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         overwrite: bool = False,
-        config: ArrayConfig | ArrayConfigLike | None = None,
+        config: ArrayConfigLike | None = None,
+        write_data: bool = True,
     ) -> Array:
         """Create an array within this group.
 
@@ -2384,10 +2395,13 @@ def create_array(
         name : str
             The name of the array relative to the group. If ``path`` is ``None``, the array will be located
             at the root of the store.
-        shape : ChunkCoords
-            Shape of the array.
-        dtype : npt.DTypeLike
-            Data type of the array.
+        shape : ChunkCoords, optional
+            Shape of the array. Can be ``None`` if ``data`` is provided.
+        dtype : npt.DTypeLike | None
+            Data type of the array. Can be ``None`` if ``data`` is provided.
+        data : Array-like data to use for initializing the array. If this parameter is provided, the
+            ``shape`` and ``dtype`` parameters must be identical to ``data.shape`` and ``data.dtype``,
+            or ``None``.
         chunks : ChunkCoords, optional
             Chunk shape of the array.
             If not specified, default are guessed based on the shape and dtype.
@@ -2461,6 +2475,11 @@ def create_array(
             Whether to overwrite an array with the same name in the store, if one exists.
         config : ArrayConfig or ArrayConfigLike, optional
             Runtime configuration for the array.
+        write_data : bool
+            If a pre-existing array-like object was provided to this function via the ``data`` parameter
+            then ``write_data`` determines whether the values in that array-like object should be
+            written to the Zarr array created by this function. If ``write_data`` is ``False``, then the
+            array will be left empty.
 
         Returns
         -------
@@ -2475,6 +2494,7 @@ def create_array(
                     name=name,
                     shape=shape,
                     dtype=dtype,
+                    data=data,
                     chunks=chunks,
                     shards=shards,
                     fill_value=fill_value,
@@ -2488,6 +2508,7 @@ def create_array(
                     overwrite=overwrite,
                     storage_options=storage_options,
                     config=config,
+                    write_data=write_data,
                 )
             )
         )

tests/test_api.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import inspect
+import pathlib
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pathlib
+    from collections.abc import Callable
 
     from zarr.abc.store import Store
     from zarr.core.common import JSON, MemoryOrder, ZarrFormat
@@ -1138,6 +1141,28 @@ def test_open_array_with_mode_r_plus(store: Store) -> None:
     z2[:] = 3
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("a_func", "b_func"),
+    [
+        (zarr.api.asynchronous.create_array, zarr.api.synchronous.create_array),
+        (zarr.api.asynchronous.save, zarr.api.synchronous.save),
+        (zarr.api.asynchronous.save_array, zarr.api.synchronous.save_array),
+        (zarr.api.asynchronous.save_group, zarr.api.synchronous.save_group),
+        (zarr.api.asynchronous.open_group, zarr.api.synchronous.open_group),
+        (zarr.api.asynchronous.create, zarr.api.synchronous.create),
+    ],
+)
+def test_consistent_signatures(
+    a_func: Callable[[object], object], b_func: Callable[[object], object]
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure that pairs of functions have the same signature
+    """
+    base_sig = inspect.signature(a_func)
+    test_sig = inspect.signature(b_func)
+    assert test_sig.parameters == base_sig.parameters
+
+
 def test_api_exports() -> None:
     """
     Test that the sync API and the async API export the same objects

tests/test_array.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import dataclasses
+import inspect
 import json
 import math
 import multiprocessing as mp
@@ -932,6 +933,42 @@ def test_auto_partition_auto_shards(
     assert auto_shards == expected_shards
 
 
+def test_chunks_and_shards() -> None:
+    store = StorePath(MemoryStore())
+    shape = (100, 100)
+    chunks = (5, 5)
+    shards = (10, 10)
+
+    arr_v3 = zarr.create_array(store=store / "v3", shape=shape, chunks=chunks, dtype="i4")
+    assert arr_v3.chunks == chunks
+    assert arr_v3.shards is None
+
+    arr_v3_sharding = zarr.create_array(
+        store=store / "v3_sharding",
+        shape=shape,
+        chunks=chunks,
+        shards=shards,
+        dtype="i4",
+    )
+    assert arr_v3_sharding.chunks == chunks
+    assert arr_v3_sharding.shards == shards
+
+    arr_v2 = zarr.create_array(
+        store=store / "v2", shape=shape, chunks=chunks, zarr_format=2, dtype="i4"
+    )
+    assert arr_v2.chunks == chunks
+    assert arr_v2.shards is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("store", ["memory"], indirect=True)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("dtype", "fill_value_expected"), [("<U4", ""), ("<S4", b""), ("i", 0), ("f", 0.0)]
+)
+def test_default_fill_value(dtype: str, fill_value_expected: object, store: Store) -> None:
+    a = zarr.create_array(store, shape=(5,), chunks=(5,), dtype=dtype)
+    assert a.fill_value == fill_value_expected
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("store", ["memory"], indirect=True)
 class TestCreateArray:
     @staticmethod
@@ -1423,6 +1460,25 @@ def test_multiprocessing(store: Store, method: Literal["fork", "spawn", "forkser
     assert all(np.array_equal(r, data) for r in results)
 
 
+def test_create_array_method_signature() -> None:
+    """
+    Test that the signature of the ``AsyncGroup.create_array`` function has nearly the same signature
+    as the ``create_array`` function. ``AsyncGroup.create_array`` should take all of the same keyword
+    arguments as ``create_array`` except ``store``.
+    """
+
+    base_sig = inspect.signature(create_array)
+    meth_sig = inspect.signature(AsyncGroup.create_array)
+    # ignore keyword arguments that are either missing or have different semantics when
+    # create_array is invoked as a group method
+    ignore_kwargs = {"zarr_format", "store", "name"}
+    # TODO: make this test stronger. right now, it only checks that all the parameters in the
+    # function signature are used in the method signature. we can be more strict and check that
+    # the method signature uses no extra parameters.
+    base_params = dict(filter(lambda kv: kv[0] not in ignore_kwargs, base_sig.parameters.items()))
+    assert (set(base_params.items()) - set(meth_sig.parameters.items())) == set()
+
+
 async def test_sharding_coordinate_selection() -> None:
     store = MemoryStore()
     g = zarr.open_group(store, mode="w")

tests/test_group.py

@@ -1530,6 +1530,7 @@ def test_create_nodes_concurrency_limit(store: MemoryStore) -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("a_func", "b_func"),
     [
+        (zarr.core.group.AsyncGroup.create_array, zarr.core.group.Group.create_array),
         (zarr.core.group.AsyncGroup.create_hierarchy, zarr.core.group.Group.create_hierarchy),
         (zarr.core.group.create_hierarchy, zarr.core.sync_group.create_hierarchy),
         (zarr.core.group.create_nodes, zarr.core.sync_group.create_nodes),

tests/test_metadata/test_consolidated.py

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ async def test_consolidated_metadata_v2(self):
                         dtype=dtype,
                         attributes={"key": "a"},
                         chunks=(1,),
-                        fill_value=0,
+                        fill_value=None,
                         compressor=Blosc(),
                         order="C",
                     ),