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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions 02-spatial-data.md
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Expand Up @@ -1172,11 +1172,11 @@ It is typically used in mapping polar regions.

A quick summary of different projections, their types, properties, and suitability can be found at [www.geo-projections.com](https://www.geo-projections.com/).
We will expand on CRSs and explain how to project from one CRS to another in Chapter \@ref(reproj-geo-data).
For now, it is sufficient to know that:
For now, it is sufficient to know:

- Coordinate systems are a key component of geographic objects
- Knowing which CRS your data is in, and whether it is in geographic (lon/lat) or projected (typically meters), is important and has consequences for how R handles spatial and geometry operations
- CRSs of `sf` objects can be queried with the function `st_crs()` and CRSs of `terra` objects can be queried with the function `crs()`
- That coordinate systems are a key component of geographic objects
- Which CRS your data is in, and whether it is in geographic (lon/lat) or projected (typically meters), is important and has consequences for how R handles spatial and geometry operations
- That CRSs of `sf` objects can be queried with the function `st_crs()` and CRSs of `terra` objects can be queried with the function `crs()`

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="images/02_vector_crs.png" alt="Examples of geographic (WGS 84; left) and projected (NAD83 / UTM zone 12N; right) coordinate systems for a vector data type." width="100%" />
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8 changes: 1 addition & 7 deletions 13-transport.md
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Expand Up @@ -511,7 +511,6 @@ This is done using the publicly available OSRM service with the **stplanr** func
``` r
routes_short = route(l = desire_lines_short, route_fun = route_osrm,
osrm.profile = "bike")
#> <simpleError in open.connection(con, "rb"): cannot open the connection to 'https://routing.openstreetmap.de/routed-bike/route/v1/driving/-2.62449584285587,51.5083596238341;-2.66873099020632,51.5135817785512?alternatives=false&geometries=geojson&steps=false&overview=full'>
```

The output is `routes_short`, an `sf` object representing routes on the transport network\index{network} that are suitable for cycling (according to the OSRM routing engine at least), one for each desire line.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -570,7 +569,7 @@ routes_short_scenario = routes_short |>
mutate(bicycle = bicycle + car_driver * uptake,
car_driver = car_driver * (1 - uptake))
sum(routes_short_scenario$bicycle) - sum(routes_short$bicycle)
#> [1] 1023
#> [1] 3850
```

Having created a scenario in which approximately 4000 trips have switched from driving to cycling, we can now model where this updated modeled cycling activity will take place.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -643,11 +642,6 @@ ways_centrality = ways_sfn |>
mutate(betweenness = tidygraph::centrality_edge_betweenness(lengths))
```


```
#> [plot mode] legend/component: Some components or legends are too wide and are therefore rescaled. Set the tmap option 'component.autoscale' to FALSE to disable rescaling.
```

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figures/wayssln-1.png" alt="Illustration of route network datasets. The grey lines represent a simplified road network, with segment thickness proportional to betweenness. The green lines represent potential cycling flows (one way) calculated with the code above." width="100%" />
<p class="caption">(\#fig:wayssln)Illustration of route network datasets. The grey lines represent a simplified road network, with segment thickness proportional to betweenness. The green lines represent potential cycling flows (one way) calculated with the code above.</p>
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 404.html
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Expand Up @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ <h2>Second Edition</h2>
<footer class="bg-primary text-light mt-5"><div class="container"><div class="row">

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-29.</p>
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-30.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion adv-map.html
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Expand Up @@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ <h2>Second Edition</h2>
<footer class="bg-primary text-light mt-5"><div class="container"><div class="row">

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-29.</p>
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-30.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion algorithms.html
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Expand Up @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ <h2>Second Edition</h2>
<footer class="bg-primary text-light mt-5"><div class="container"><div class="row">

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-29.</p>
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-30.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion attr.html
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Expand Up @@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ <h2>Second Edition</h2>
<footer class="bg-primary text-light mt-5"><div class="container"><div class="row">

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-29.</p>
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-30.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions conclusion.html
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Expand Up @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ <h2>
</h2>
<p>A feature of R, and open source software in general, is that there are often multiple ways to achieve the same result.
The code chunk below illustrates this by using three functions, covered in Chapters <a href="attr.html#attr">3</a> and <a href="geometry-operations.html#geometry-operations">5</a>, to combine the 16 regions of New Zealand into a single geometry:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb512"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb511"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://jakubnowosad.com/spData/">spData</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">nz_u1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">sf</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/reference/geos_combine.html">st_union</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">nz_u2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rspatial.github.io/terra/reference/aggregate.html">aggregate</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="st">"Population"</span><span class="op">]</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html">rep</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="https://rspatial.github.io/terra/reference/dimensions.html">nrow</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="va">sum</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
Expand All @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ <h2>
The same applies for all packages showcased in this book, although it can be helpful (when not distracting) to be aware of alternatives and being able to justify your choice of software.</p>
<p>A common choice, for which there is no simple answer, is between <strong>tidyverse</strong> and base R for geocomputation.
The following code chunk, for example, shows <strong>tidyverse</strong> and base R ways to extract the <code>Name</code> column from the <code>nz</code> object, as described in Chapter <a href="attr.html#attr">3</a>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb513"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb512"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org">dplyr</a></span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># attach a tidyverse package</span></span>
<span><span class="va">nz_name1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="st">"Name"</span><span class="op">]</span> <span class="co"># base R approach</span></span>
<span><span class="va">nz_name2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">nz</span> <span class="op">|&gt;</span> <span class="co"># tidyverse approach</span></span>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -280,13 +280,13 @@ <h3>
You could simply ask how to do this in one of the places outlined in the previous section.
However, it is likely that you will get a better response if you provide a reproducible example of what you have tried so far.
The following code creates a map of the world with blue sea and green land, but the land is not filled in:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb514"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb513"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/">sf</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://jakubnowosad.com/spData/">spData</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rspatial.github.io/terra/reference/plot.html">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/reference/st_geometry.html">st_geometry</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">world</span><span class="op">)</span>, col <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"green"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>If you post this code in a forum, it is likely that you will get a more specific and useful response.
For example, someone might respond with the following code, which demonstrably solves the problem, as illustrated in Figure <a href="conclusion.html#fig:16-synthesis-reprex">16.1</a>:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb515"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb514"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r">
<code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/">sf</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://jakubnowosad.com/spData/">spData</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="co"># use the bg argument to fill in the land</span></span>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ <h2>Second Edition</h2>
<footer class="bg-primary text-light mt-5"><div class="container"><div class="row">

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-29.</p>
<p>"<strong>Geocomputation with R</strong>" was written by Robin Lovelace, Jakub Nowosad, Jannes Muenchow. It was last built on 2024-09-30.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-12 col-md-6 mt-3">
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